Fractional excretion of electrolytes and paradoxical aciduria in dairy cows with left displaced abomasum

Perotta, João H.; Lisbôa, Júlio A.N.; Pereira, Priscila F.V.; Ollhoff, Rüdiger D.; Vieira, Nilton; Faliban, Karina K.M.C.; Barros Filho, Ivan R.

doi:10.1590/1678-5150-PVB-5403

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LIVESTOCK DISEASES • Pesq. Vet. Bras. 38 (05) • May 2018 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-5150-PVB-5403 copy

Fractional excretion of electrolytes and paradoxical aciduria in dairy cows with left displaced abomasum

Excreção fracionada de eletrólitos em acidúria paradoxal em vacas leiteiras com deslocamento de abomaso à esquerda

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT:

The fractional excretion of electrolytes is used to assess renal function and interpret electrolyte and acid-base imbalances. Left displaced abomasum is a common disorder in dairy cows, which causes hypokalemic, hypochloremic metabolic alkalosis. There is limited information on fractional excretion of electrolytes in cows with displaced abomasum. This study aimed to measure the fractional excretion of sodium, potassium, and chloride and paradoxical aciduria in dairy cows with displaced abomasum. Blood and urine samples were collected from 30 dairy cows before and 24, 48, and 72 h after surgery. The cows were divided into two groups (G1: laparoscopy and G2: laparotomy) with 15 cows each. The concentrations of chloride, sodium, potassium, and creatinine were measured in serum and urine. Urinary pH and packed cell volume were measured. Fractional excretion of sodium, potassium, and chloride and urinary strong ion difference [SID]_urine were calculated using published formulas. Cows in both groups showed hypokalemic, metabolic alkalosis before surgery; however, hypochloremia was observed only in G2. Potassium concentration significantly increased 24, 48, and 72 h after surgery in G1 and 48 and 72 h after surgery in G2. There were no significant changes in fractional excretion of sodium, chloride, and potassium and urinary pH and [SID]_urine between treatments and time points. Paradoxical aciduria was observed before and 24 h following surgery in G1. Fractional excretion and urinary SID are valuable tools to understand hypochloremic, hypokalemic alkalosis in dairy cows with displaced abomasum, as well as paradoxical aciduria and return of abomasal flux.

INDEX TERMS:
Electrolytes; aciduria; dairy cows; abomasal displacement; acid-base disturbance; laparoscopic abomasopexy; metabolism; abomasum; cattle; clinics

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[1] *Corresponding author: perotta@ufpr.br, ivanbarf@ufpr.br

Variable	Time (h)	Laparoscopy		Laparotomy
Variable	Time (h)	Mean±S	P value	Mean±S	P value
Potassium	0	3.36±0.7		3.45±0.65
	24	4.12±0.45*	<0.01	3.78±0.14
	48	4.04±0.29*	0.01	4.02±0.12*	0.018
	72	3.99±0.46*	0.04	4.06±0.38*	0.008
Base excess	0	7.2±6.64		8.73±8.37
	24	2.4±5.47*	0,01	5.06±4.13*	0.04
	48	2.93±2.68*	0,02	5.6±3.29*	0.045
	72	4.66±2.99*	0,03	5.2±3.76*	0.015
Hematocrit	0	27.1±3.3		27.6±3.9
	24	25.5±3.3		26.4±3.1
	48	24.4±2.9*	<0.001	24.3±2.9*	<0.001
	72	23.4±5.6*	<0.001	24.1±3.2*	<0.001

Variable	Time (h)	Laparoscopy			Laparotomy
Potassium	Time (h)	Median	25th	75th	Median	25th	75th
Chloride	0	99	92	100.75	96	93.75	97
	24	100	95	101	97	95.25	98.75
	48	100	97.25	101.75	99	97	101
	72	100	97.5	103.75	99	97.25	100
Sodium	0	139	138	141.5	139	137	140.75
	24	137	136	139.75	137	137	139
	48	139	137.25	140	141	139	142
	72	139	137.25	140	140	138	141
Urinary pH	0	7.35	6.3	7.6	7.9	7.3	8.3
	24	7.2	6.22	8.15	7.8	6.95	8.37
	48	7.7	6.62	8.17	8.3	7.82	8.5
	72	7.9	7.7	8.20	8.1	7.57	8.47
Urinary strong ion difference	0	52.3	22.47	64.65	78.5	33.17	115.2
	24	69.4	20.6	113.5	72.7	33.45	128.3
	48	61.8	49.07	110.4	105.4	90.57	140
	72	45.6	37	82.67	88.5	47.07	152.2
Fractional excretion of potassium	0	26.7	8.67	65.82	22.49	9.49	45.35
	24	56.06	20.27	75.33	29.75	16.62	49.65
	48	41.16	28.65	64.75	52.37	38.95	65.66
	72	31.52	21.03	98.37	49.72	31.21	87.9
Fractional excretion of chloride	0	0.45	0.17	1.06	0.42	0.23	0.89
	24	0.66	0.26	1.21	0.53	0.20	0.78
	48	0.79	0.31	1.42	1.26	0.73	1.63
	72	0.69	0.26	1.52	1.19	0.48	1.79
Fractional excretion of sodium	0	0.11	0.022	0.31	0.23	0.017	0.54
	24	0.023	0.011	0.14	0.05	0.017	0.14
	48	0.038	0.022	0.13	0.11	0.061	0.7
	72	0.047	0.024	0.12	0.19	0.05	0.53