Osteochondrosis is the most common orthopaedic developmental disorder in horses and has been traditionally defined as a multifactorial disease. The disease had a very dynamic character in which the repair process starts almost immediately after the lesion has formed. The intensity and efficacy of this repair process is strongly age-related and is determined by the turnover rate of the components of the extracellular matrix of the articular cartilage. Since the insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-1) acts regulating the growth of articular cartilage, this study aimed to describe the serum levels of IGF-1, insulin and glucose in healthy Lusitano foals and foals with osteochondrosis, from birth to 18 months of age. At one month 76.08% of the foals showed radiographic signs of osteochondrosis, but at age of 18 months the percentage dropped to 16.2%. The IGF-1 concentrations reached peak values at age of 14 to 16 months, equivalent to the onset of puberty. The IGF-1 concentrations in foals with osteochondrosis were lower than in healthy 2 to 5-month-old foals (P<0.05), and the insulin at age of 2 months (P<0.05). On farms with high incidence of osteocondrosis is recommended that measurement of serum IGF-1 and insulin occur during the first 6 months of age, to have enough time to establish preventive and therapeutic measures.
Osteochondrosis; horse; insulin-like growth factor-I; foal
