Antimicrobial class |
Resistance gene |
Amplicon (pb)
|
Primers (5’ - 3’)
|
Reference |
Tetracycline |
tetA
|
953 |
fw: GTAATTCTGAGCACTGT |
Frech & Schwarz 2000Frech G. & Schwarz S. 2000. Molecular analysis of tetracycline resistance in Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovars Typhimurium, Enteritidis, Dublin, Choleraesuis, Hadar and Saintpaul: construction and application of specific gene probes. J. Appl. Microbiol. 89:633-641.
|
rv: CCTGGACAACATTGCTT |
tetB
|
1169 |
fw: ACGTTACTCGATGCCAT |
Frech & Schwarz 2000Frech G. & Schwarz S. 2000. Molecular analysis of tetracycline resistance in Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovars Typhimurium, Enteritidis, Dublin, Choleraesuis, Hadar and Saintpaul: construction and application of specific gene probes. J. Appl. Microbiol. 89:633-641.
|
rv: AGCACTTGTCTCCTGTT |
tetG
|
1141 |
fw: CTGCTGATCGTGGGTCT |
Frech & Schwarz 2000Frech G. & Schwarz S. 2000. Molecular analysis of tetracycline resistance in Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovars Typhimurium, Enteritidis, Dublin, Choleraesuis, Hadar and Saintpaul: construction and application of specific gene probes. J. Appl. Microbiol. 89:633-641.
|
rv: TTGCGAATGGTCTGCGT |
Phenicol |
catA1
|
551 |
fw: GGCATTTCAGTCAGTTG |
Kikuvi et al. 2007Kikuvi G.M., Schwarz S. , Ombui J.N., Mitema E.S. & Kehrenberg C. 2007. Streptomycin and chloramphenicol resistance genes in Escherichia coli isolates from cattle, pigs, and chicken in Kenya. Microb. Drug Resist. 13:62-68.
|
rv: CATTAAGCATTCTGCCG |
floR
|
1291 |
fw: AGGGTTGATTCGTCATGACCA |
Kadlec et al. 2007Kadlec K., Kehrenberg C. & Schwarz S. 2007. Efflux-mediated resistance to florfenicol and/or chloramphenicol in Bordetella bronchiseptica: identification of a novel chloramphenicol exporter. J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 59:191-196.
|
rv: CGGTTAGACGACTGGCGACT |
Aminoglycoside |
aac(3)IVa
|
627 |
fw: GTGTGCTGCTGGTCCACAGC |
Jensen et al. 2006Jensen V.F., Jakobsen L. & Emborg H.D. 2006. Correlation between apramycin and gentamicin use in pigs and an increasing reservoir of gentamicin-resistant Escherichia coli. J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 58:101-107.
|
rv: AGTTGACCCAGGGCTGTCGC |
aph(3)Ia
|
669 |
fw: AACGTCTTGCTCGAGGCCGCG |
Jensen et al. 2006Jensen V.F., Jakobsen L. & Emborg H.D. 2006. Correlation between apramycin and gentamicin use in pigs and an increasing reservoir of gentamicin-resistant Escherichia coli. J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 58:101-107.
|
rv: GGCAAGATCCTGGTATCGGTCTGC |
ant(2)Ia
|
328 |
fw: GGGCGCGTCATGGAGGAGTT |
Jensen et al. 2006Jensen V.F., Jakobsen L. & Emborg H.D. 2006. Correlation between apramycin and gentamicin use in pigs and an increasing reservoir of gentamicin-resistant Escherichia coli. J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 58:101-107.
|
rv: TATCGCGACCTGAAAGCGGC |
strA
|
645 |
fw: TGACTGGTTGCCTGTCAGAGG |
Kehrenberg & Schwarz 2001Kehrenberg C. & Schwarz S. 2001. Occurrence and linkage of genes coding for resistance to sulfonamides, streptomycin and chloramphenicol in bacteria of the genera Pasteurella and Mannheimia. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 205:283-290.
|
rv: CCAGTTGTCTTCGGCGTTAGCA |
strB
|
510 |
fw: ATCGTCAAGGGATTGAAACC |
Kikuvi et al. 2007Kikuvi G.M., Schwarz S. , Ombui J.N., Mitema E.S. & Kehrenberg C. 2007. Streptomycin and chloramphenicol resistance genes in Escherichia coli isolates from cattle, pigs, and chicken in Kenya. Microb. Drug Resist. 13:62-68.
|
rv: GGATCGTAGAACATATTGGC |
Sulfonamide |
sul1
|
839 |
fw: TGGTGACGGTGTTCGGCATTCTGA |
Grape et al. 2003Grape M., Sundström L. & Kronvall G. 2003. Sulphonamide resistance gene sul3 found in Escherichia coli isolates from human sources. J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 52(6):1022-1024.
|
rv: CTAGGCATGATCTAACCCTCGGTCT |
sul2
|
703 |
fw: ACAGTTTCTCCGATGGAGGCC |
Kehrenberg & Schwarz 2001Kehrenberg C. & Schwarz S. 2001. Occurrence and linkage of genes coding for resistance to sulfonamides, streptomycin and chloramphenicol in bacteria of the genera Pasteurella and Mannheimia. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 205:283-290.
|
rv: CTCGTGTGTGCGGATGAAGTC |
sul3
|
803 |
fw: GAGCAAGATTTTTGGAATCG |
Grape et al. 2003Grape M., Sundström L. & Kronvall G. 2003. Sulphonamide resistance gene sul3 found in Escherichia coli isolates from human sources. J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 52(6):1022-1024.
|
rv: ATCTGCAGCTAACCTAGGGCTTTGGA |