SENSITIVE SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC DETERMINATION OF TRIPROLIDINE HYDROCHLORIDE DRUG IN THE CAPSULES VIA ION PAIR COMPLEX FORMATION

Abdulrahman, Sameer A. M.; Qazzan, Jalal Ali Mohammed

doi:10.21577/0100-4042.20230068

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Artigo • Quím. Nova 46 (9) • 2023 • https://doi.org/10.21577/0100-4042.20230068 copy

SENSITIVE SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC DETERMINATION OF TRIPROLIDINE HYDROCHLORIDE DRUG IN THE CAPSULES VIA ION PAIR COMPLEX FORMATION

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

The objective of this study was to develop two simple and selective visible spectrophotometric methods for the determination of antihistamine drug triprolidine hydrochloride (TRH) in the capsules. The methods were based on the formation of ion-pair complexes between TRH and two dyes, namely, bromocresol green (BCG) and bromophenol blue (BPB). The produced ion-pair complexes were measured at 415 and 410 nm for BCG and BPB methods, respectively. Beer’s law was applicable in the concentration ranges of 2.50-15.0 μg mL^-1 TRH for both methods. The molar absorptivity values were found to be 2.12 × 10⁴ and 2.07 × 10⁴ L mol^-1 cm^-1 for the BCG method and BPB method, respectively, and the Sandell’s sensitivity values were 0.0149 and 0.0152 μg cm^-2. The limits of detection and quantification were calculated and found to be 0.29 and 0.86 μg mL^-1 for the BCG method and 0.31 and 0.95 μg mL^-1 for the BPB method. The methods were applied successfully for TRH determination in bulk drug and in the capsules.

Keywords:
triprolidine hydrochloride; spectrophotometry; bromocresol green; bromophenol blue; capsules

Sl. No.	Reagent(s) used	Methodology	λ_max (nm)	Linear Range (μg mL^-1) and ε (L mol^-1 cm^-1)	LOD (μg mL^-1)	Reaction time	Remarks	Ref.
1.	Alkaline KMnO₄	Green color manganate ion measured	612	6-40 NR	0.9	20 min	Use of non-selective and strong oxidizing agent	25
2.	m-dinitrobenzene and NaOH	A purple colored complex measured	550	1-200 ε = 2.583 × 10³	1.0	40 s	It requires heating at 60 °C for 40 s and less sensitive	26
3.	2,4-dichloro nitrobenzene and NaOH	An orange colored complex measured	440	5-150 ε = 2.814 × 10³	NR	45 s	It requires heating at 65 °C for 45 s and less sensitive	27
4.	a) Alkaline KMnO₄ b) Acidic K₂Cr₂O₇	Green color measured Yellow color measured	612 350	1-12 ε = 2.699 × 10⁴ 1-12 ε = 3.856 × 10⁴	0.49 0.49	10 min 15 min	Use of non-selective and strong oxidizing agents	28
5.	Ferric ammonium sulfate and mercuric thiocyanate	A red colored complex measured	460	2-28 ε = 9.32 × 10³	0.127	5 min	Less sensitive	29
6.	Sodium nitroprusside, hydroxylamine and sodium carbonate	A colored inner complex measured	447	40-240 ε = 1.194 × 10⁴	5.948	25 min	It requires shaking for 15-25 min	30
7.	a) Cobalt thiocyanate b) Aconitic anhydride and acetic anhydride	An extractable complex into nitrobenzene measured A red to violet color of internal salt measured	623 550	8-48 ε = 1.136 × 10⁵ 8-48 ε = 2.091 × 10⁵	0.5754 6.2896	20 min 30 min	Extraction is required and use of buffer solution Evaporation to dryness is required then heating for 30 min in a water bath	31
8.	a) Bromocresol green b) Bromophenol blue	Ion-pair complex measured Ion-pair complex measured	415 410	2.5-15 ε = 2.12 × 10⁴ 2.5-15 ε = 2.07 × 10⁴	0.29 0.31	5 min 5 min	Simple, sensitive, extraction-free and no pH-adjustment, no heating step, only one reagent is required	This work

Parameter	BCG method	BPB method
λ_max (nm)	415	410
Beer’s law limits (μg mL^-1)	2.50-15.0	2.50-15.0
Molar absorptivity (L mol^-1 cm^-1)	2.12 × 104	2.07 × 104
Sandell sensitivity* (μg cm^-2)	0.0149	0.0152
Limit of detection (µg mL^-1)	0.29	0.31
Limit of quantification (μg mL^-1)	0.86	0.95
Regression equation (Y)^**
Intercept (a)	0.0034	0.0009
Slope (b)	0.0662	0.0652
Correlation coefficient (r)	0.99984	0.99987
Standard deviation of intercept (S_a)	0.00585	0.00519
Standard deviation of slope (S_b)	0.00060	0.00053
Variance (S_a²)	3.42 × 10^-5	2.69 × 10^-5

Method	TRH taken (μg mL^-1)	Intra-day precision and accuracy (n = 7)			Inter-day precision and accuracy (n = 5)
Method	TRH taken (μg mL^-1)	TRH found^a (μg mL^-1)	Precision (RSD%^b)	Accuracy (RE%^c)	TRH found^a (μg mL^-1)	Precision (RSD%^b)	Accuracy (RE%^c)
BCG	5.00	4.91	1.68	1.80	4.89	1.82	2.20
	7.50	7.32	2.12	2.40	7.31	2.26	2.53
	10.0	9.73	2.14	2.70	9.71	2.44	2.90
BPB	5.00	5.13	1.76	2.60	5.14	1.91	2.80
	7.50	7.67	1.16	2.27	7.70	1.74	2.67
	10.0	10.15	2.56	1.50	10.19	2.83	1.90

Capsule brand name	Nominal amount (mg)	Found (%) (of nominal amount ± SD)*
		Reference method	Developed methods
		Reference method	BCG method	BPB method
Triprolidine hydrochloride capsules	2.5	99.27 ± 1.25	98.01 ± 1.87	98.22 ± 1.55
			t = 1.28	t = 1.19
			F = 2.24	F = 1.54

Method	Capsule studied	TRH in capsule (μg mL^-1)	Pure TRH added (μg mL^-1)	Total found (μg mL^-1)	Pure TRH recovered^a a Mean value of three determinations. (Percent ± SD)
BCG method	Triprolidine hydrochloride capsules (2.5 mg)	4.90	2.50	7.38	99.20 ± 1.94
		4.90	5.00	9.83	98.60 ± 2.11
		4.90	7.50	12.23	97.73 ± 2.46
BPB method	Triprolidine hydrochloride capsules (2.5 mg)	4.91	2.50	7.37	98.40 ± 1.36
		4.91	5.00	9.75	96.80 ± 2.02
		4.91	7.50	12.22	97.47 ± 1.83

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