Anti-inflammatory and Analgesic Activity
|
H.i.
|
Roots extracts |
in vivo - antinociceptive |
101 |
H.a.
|
Ethyl acetate extract |
in vivo - anti-inflammatory and antipyretic |
102,103 |
H.a.
|
n-butanolic fraction |
in vivo - anti-inflammatory and analgesic |
104 |
H.h.
|
Aerial parts extract |
in vitro - COX1/COX2 inhibition |
70 |
H.ga.
|
Aerial parts ethanolic extract |
in vivo - acute inflammation |
105 |
H.ga.
|
Leaves ethanolic extract |
ex vivo - topical use |
106 |
Antitumor and Cytotoxic Activity
|
H.i.
|
Fruits extract |
in vitro - lung cancer |
107,108 |
H.i.
|
Curcubitacin B and Isocurcubitacin B |
not reported |
109 |
H.i.
|
Stem hydroethanolic extract |
in vivo - hepatocellular carcinoma |
110 |
H.a.
|
Roots aqueous extract |
in vitro - fibroblasts and osteosarcoma |
111 |
H.a.
|
Triterpenes |
in vitro - colorectal cancer |
60 |
H.a.
|
Roots aqueous extract |
in vivo - human fibrosarcoma |
25 |
H.a.
|
Polysaccharides |
in vivo - breast cancer |
112 |
H.a.
|
2, 3, 3 β-O-[(E)-coumaroyl] betulinic acid and pyracrenic acid |
in vitro - colorectal cancer |
44 |
H.a.
|
Roots ethanolic and aqueous extract |
in vitro - cell lines of lung cancer, colon and hepatocellular carcinoma |
25,111 |
H.a.
|
Roots aqueous extract |
in vitro - osteosarcoma and in vivo - pulmonary metastasis and subcutaneous xenograft |
113 |
H.a.
|
Curcubitacin B and J |
in vitro - hepatocellular carcinoma and malignant carcinoma |
51 |
H.h.
|
(+/-)-pinoresinol |
in vitro - lung and breast cancer |
46 |
H.h.
|
Roots extract |
in vitro - human KB cell lines |
114 |
H.veg.
|
Leaves extract |
in vitro - Salmonella typhimurium
|
47 |
H.s.
|
Leaves hydroethanolic extract |
in vivo - ovarian cancer cell lineages |
8 |
Hepatoprotective Activity
|
H.i.
|
Bark aqueous extract |
in vivo - changes in liver enzymes |
115 |
H.i.
|
Bark ethanolic extract |
in vivo - changes in liver enzymes |
116-118 |
H.a.
|
Aqueous extract |
in vivo - inhibits hepatic fibrosis |
119 |
H.a.
|
Methyl helicterate |
in vivo - inhibits hepatic fibrosis |
120,121 |
Antidiabetic and Hypolipidemic Activity
|
H.i.
|
Roots ethanolic extract |
in vivo - sensitizing and hypolipidemic insulin |
122 |
H.i.
|
n-butanolic fraction |
in vivo - maintain normal glycemic levels |
123 |
H.i.
|
Bark aqueous extract |
in vivo - reduced blood glucose levels |
30 |
H.i.
|
Bark aqueous extract |
in vivo - reduction of peroxidation products |
32 |
H.i.
|
Roots n-butanolic extract |
in vivo - reduced glucose and total cholesterol |
124 |
H.i.
|
Bark aqueous extract |
in vivo - reduction of cholesterol, free fatty acids and triglycerides |
31 |
H.i.
|
n-butanolic extract |
in vivo - hypoglycemia |
125 |
H.i.
|
Fraction rich in saponin |
in vivo - decreased serum levels of lipids and glucose |
126 |
H.i.
|
Stem extract |
in vivo - glycogen and carbohydrate metabolism |
127 |
H.i.
|
Bark aqueous extract |
in vivo - decreased glucose levels |
128 |
H.i.
|
Bark aqueous extract |
in vivo - total blood glucose and lipids |
127 |
H.i.
|
Fruits aqueous extract |
in vitro - glucose uptake |
129 |
H.i.
|
Fraction rich in saponin |
in vitro - increases glycogen synthesis |
130 |
H.i.
|
Fruits ethanolic extract |
in vivo - stabilizes lipids levels |
122 |
H.i.
|
Roots hydroethanolic extract and roots n-butanolic extract |
in vivo - reduced glycemia, total cholesterol, triglycerides and urea |
34 |
H.i.
|
Fruits aqueous extract |
in vivo - increases glucose uptake and transport |
131 |
H.i.
|
Stem extract |
in vivo - normalizes glucose, urea and creatinine levels |
88,116 |
H.i.
|
Bark aqueous extract |
in vivo - antiperoxidative activity |
88 |
H.i.
|
Isolated constituents |
in silico - insulin receptors |
79 |
H.i.
|
Roots extract |
in vivo - reduction of plasma glycoproteins |
132,133 |
H.i.
|
Roots extract |
in vivo and in vitro - inhibition of a-amylase and reduction of glutathione |
134,135 |
H.i.
|
Fruits aqueous extract |
in vivo - hypoglycemia in patients with type II diabetes |
22 |
H.i.
|
n-butanolic extract |
in vivo - regulates blood glucose levels |
136 |
H.i.
|
Fruits ethanolic extract |
in vivo - regulates blood glucose levels |
137 |
H.a.
|
Roots aqueous extract |
in vivo - increases glucose uptake |
138 |
H.a.
|
Roots ethanolic extract |
in vivo - increases the uptake of glucose and adipocytes |
139 |
H.a.
|
- |
in vivo - inhibition of a-glicosidase |
138,139 |
Antioxidant Activity
|
H.i.
|
Bark aqueous extract |
in vitro - inhibition of peroxidation radicals |
81 |
H.i.
|
Fruit hot aqueous extract |
in vitro - inhibition of radicals H2O2 and NO |
27 |
H.i.
|
Fruits phenolic extracts |
in vitro - inhibition of radicals ABTS, Hydroxyl and DPPH |
140 |
H.i.
|
Fruits aqueous extract |
in vitro - inhibition of radicals DPPH and TBARS |
129 |
H.i.
|
Fruits aqueous extract |
in vitro - inhibition of radicals Hydroxyl, H2O2 and DPPH |
141 |
H.i.
|
Fruits extract |
in vitro - inhibition of radicals DPPH |
107 |
H.i.
|
Fruits extract |
in vitro - inhibition of radicals FRAP and DPPH |
142,143 |
H.i.
|
Fruits extract |
in vitro - inhibition of radicals DPPH and H2O2
|
107 |
H.i.
|
Fruits and barks extracts |
in vitro - inhibition of lipid peroxidation |
142 |
H.i.
|
Roots aqueous extract |
in vitro - inhibition of radicals ABTS and DPPH |
144 |
H.i.
|
Leaves, barks, roots and fruits extracts |
in vitro - inhibition of radicals FRAP and DPPH |
145 |
H.i.
|
Leaves and fruits extracts |
in vitro - inhibition of radical DPPH |
146 |
H.a.
|
Polysaccharides |
in vitro - inhibition of radicals ABTS, Hydroxyl and DPPH |
147-149 |
H.a.
|
Roots ethanolic and aqueous fractions |
in vitro - inhibition of ABTS and DPPH |
150 |
H.h.
|
Leaves extracts |
in vitro - inhibition of radicals ABTS, DPPH and FRAP |
148 |
H.h.
|
Fraction rich in saponin |
in vitro - inhibition of radicals ABTS, DPPH, FRAP and CUPRAC |
24,45,95,111, 151 |
H.h.
|
Stem and Leaves extracts |
in vitro - inhibition of radicals, ABTS, DPPH and FRAP |
45,95,96 |
H.veg.
|
Stem extracts |
in vitro - inhibition of radicals, ABTS and DPPH |
47 |
Antimicrobial and Antiviral Activity
|
H.i.
|
Fruits extracts |
in vitro - E. coli, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Salmonella typhimurium and Proteus vulgaris
|
152 |
H.i.
|
Fruits acetone extracts |
in vitro - Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli and Bacillus cereus
|
153 |
H.i.
|
Leaves ethanolic extract |
in vitro - Escherichia coli, Steptococcus and Salmonella
|
154 |
H.i.
|
Leaves and fruits extracts |
in vitro - Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis and B. coagulans; Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Salmonella typhi; Bipolaris sorokiniana, Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. zingiberi, Colletotrichum capsici and Curvularia sp. |
150 |
H.i.
|
Stem and leaves extracts |
in vitro - E. coli, Pseudomonas, S. aureus, Bacillus subtillis, Aspergillus fumigatous, Aspergillus awamori, Rhizopus oryzae, Tricoderma viridae and Culmularia oryzae
|
155 |
H.i.
|
Fruits aqueous extract |
in vitro - Pseudomonas aeruginosa
|
156 |
H.i.
|
Oleanolic acid |
in vitro - S. aureus, E coli, P. aeruginosa, B. cereus and A. flavus
|
88 |
H.i.
|
b-sitosterol |
in vitro -E. coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus cereus
|
88 |
H.i.
|
Barks and stems extracts |
in vitro - Cryptococcus neoformans, Candida tropicalis, Trychophyton rubrum, Microsporum furfure and Epidermophyton floccosum
|
157 |
H.i.
|
Roots hydroethanolic extract |
in vitro - Bacillus subtilis; Micrococcus luteus; S. aureus; E. coli; P. vulgaris; P. aeruginosa; S. typhimurium; A. niger; C. albicans and S. cerevisiae
|
101 |
H.i.
|
Fruits, barks and leaves extracts |
in vitro - Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhii, Staphylococcus aureus, Corynebacteria diphtheriae and Nocardia sp. |
158 |
H.i.
|
Leaves ethanolic extract |
in vitro - Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus and Aspergillus niger
|
159 |
H.i.
|
Fruits methanolic extract |
in vitro -
Candida albicans
|
148 |
H.i.
|
10-methyl, 4-isopropenyl, dodecahydro- ethanophenanthrene |
not reported |
65 |
H.a.
|
not reported |
in vitro -
E. coli
|
160 |
H.a.
|
Triterpenes |
in vivo and in vitro - Hepatitis B |
161 |
H.a.
|
Methyl helicterate |
in vivo and in vitro - anti HBV |
162,163 |
H.h.
|
Roots extract |
in vitro - Staphylococcus aureus and Lactobacillus fermentum
|
114 |
H.h.
|
Saponin-enriched fractions |
in vitro - E. coli and S. lugdunensis
|
164 |
H.gr
|
Aerial parts extract |
in vitro - Bacillus subtilis; Micrococcus luteus; Enterobacter cloacae; Acinetobacter calcoaceticus; Aspergilus oryzae; Curvularia luneta; Mucor sp. |
165 |
Other Activities
|
H.i.
|
Fruits extract |
in vitro and in vivo - antispasmodic |
37 |
H.i.
|
Fruits extract |
in vitro - cardiotonics |
166 |
H.i.
|
Fruits aqueous extract |
in vivo - anthelminthic |
167 |
H.i.
|
Fruits extract |
in vivo - anthelminthic |
144 |
H.i.
|
Bark methanolic extract |
in vitro - cytoprotectors |
168 |
H.i.
|
Bark aqueous extract |
in vivo - acute oral toxicity |
39 |
H.i.
|
10-methyl, 4-isopropenyl, dodecahydro- ethanophenanthrene |
in vivo - antispasmodic |
65 |
H.i.
|
Fruit extract |
Demulcent and Astringent |
169 |
H.a.
|
Terpenoids |
in silico - ulcerative cults |
170,171 |
H.a.
|
Leaves hydroethanolic extract |
in vivo - acute and subchronic toxicity |
8 |
H.vel.
|
Aerial parts extract |
in vitro - Larvicidal activity against Aedes aegypti
|
12 |
H.vel.
|
Tiliroside and 7,4¢-di-O-methyl-8-O-sulphate flavone |
in silico and in vitro - Larvicidal activity against Aedes aegypti
|
89 |
H.s.
|
Hydroethanolic extract |
in vivo - gastroprotective |
8 |
H.s.
|
Hydroethanolic extract |
in vivo - acute and subchronic oral toxicity |
8 |
H.e.
|
Aerial parts extract |
in vitro - Larvicidal activity against Aedes aegypti
|
48 |
H.veg
|
Leaves and stem extracts |
in vitro - Artemia salina eggs |
47 |