The general objective of this article is to call the attention of anthropologists to new developments of biological sciences like Neurobiology, Primatology, Ethology and studies and theories regarding evolution which should promote a revision of assumptions present in Anthropology regarding the classical opposition nature-culture. This general problem is analyzed through a comparison between chimpanzees and humans, focusing on the emotional components of behavior. More specifically, it analyses ''love'' behavior and includes sexual behavior, mother-child, sibling and friendship relations. It also analyses the importance of emotional components for the constitutions and continuity of social groups. A brief mention is made regarding hierarchy, aggression and political alliances. The comparison raises questions regarding incest, homosexuality and marriage which involves also a dialogue with Psychoanalysis.
chimpanzees; human culture and animal behavior; man and other primate