As Organizações e a Felicidade no Trabalho: Uma Perspectiva Integrada

Sender, Gisela; Fleck, Denise

doi:10.1590/1982-7849rac2017160284

Gisela Sender

Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro

Denise Fleck

Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro

Dados dos Autores

Gisela Sender

Rua Pascoal Lemme, 355, Ilha do Fundão, Cidade Universitária, 21941-918, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil. E-mail: gisela.sender@coppead.ufrj.br

Denise Fleck

Rua Pascoal Lemme, 355, Ilha do Fundão, Cidade Universitária, 21941-918, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil. E-mail: denise@coppead.ufrj.br

Termos	Descrição
Job Satisfaction (satisfação)	A primeira definição foi feita por Hoppock (1935)Hoppock, R. (1935). Job satisfaction. New York: Harper and Brothers., como uma combinação de circunstâncias (psicológicas, fisiológicas e ambientais) que fazem o indivíduo se considerar satisfeito com o seu trabalho. Mais tarde foi definido por Locke (1969)Locke, E. A. (1969). What is job satisfaction? Organizational Behavior and Human Performance, 4(4), 309-336. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0030-5073(69)90013-0 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0030-5073(69)9... como um estado emocional resultante da avaliação que o indivíduo faz do seu trabalho.
Job Involvement (envolvimento)	Segundo Lodahl e Kejnar (1965)Lodahl, T. M., & Kejnar, M. (1965). The definition and measurement of job involvement. Journal of Applied Psychology, 49(1), 24-33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/h0021692 http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/h0021692... , relaciona-se ao grau de identificação psicológica do indivíduo com seu trabalho ou à importância do trabalho para sua autoimagem.
Organizational Commitment (comprometimento)	De acordo com Mowday, Porter e Steers (1982)Mowday, R. T., Porter, L. W., & Steers, R. M. (1982). Employee-organization linkages: The psychology of commitment, absenteeism, and turnover. New York: Academic Press., uma ligação psicológica com a organização leva o indivíduo a internalizar os objetivos da empresa e voluntariamente se comportar de forma a alcançá-los, o que seria uma visão afetiva. Além desta visão, Swailes (2002)Swailes, S. (2002). Organizational commitment: A critique of the construct and measures. International Journal of Management Reviews, 4(2), 155-178. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-2370.00082 http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-2370.0008... cita também o comprometimento instrumental (baseado em fatores socioeconômicos) e o normativo (sentimentos de lealdade e obrigação).
Employee engagement (engajamento)	Inicialmente proposto por Kahn (1990)Kahn, W. A. (1990). Psychological conditions of personal engagement and disengagement at work. Academy of Management Journal, 33(4), 692-724. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/256287 http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/256287... , o funcionário engajado é aquele atrelado ao desempenho dos seus papéis no trabalho, de forma física, cognitiva e emocional. O assunto passou cerca de 20 anos sem muitas referências, tendo sido retomado por volta de 2010 (Saks & Gruman, 2014Saks, A. M., & Gruman, J. A. (2014). What do we really know about employee engagement? Human Resource Development Quaterly, 25(2), 155-182. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hrdq http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hrdq... ).
Flow state (estado de fluxo)	Ligado à experiência do indivíduo quando executa uma tarefa, o construto foi proposto por Csikszentmihalyi (1991)Csikszentmihalyi, M. (1991). Flow: The psychology of optimal experience. New York: Harper & Row. e tem como premissa ser positivo o indivíduo se concentrar integralmente nas tarefas que desempenha.
Work motivation (motivação)	Conceito mais amplo, influencia as atitudes e o comportamento dos indivíduos no ambiente de trabalho (Ambrose & Kulik, 1999Ambrose, M. L., & Kulik, C. T. (1999). Old friends, new faces: Motivation research in the 1990s. Journal of Management, 25(3), 231-292. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0149-2063(99)00003-3 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0149-2063(99)... ). A motivação pode ser intrínseca (os indivíduos realizam algo espontaneamente, pois acham a atividade interessante por si só, como no estado de fluxo) e/ou extrínseca (os indivíduos percebem consequências tangíveis pela realização da atividade, tais como recompensas materiais ou verbais) (Gagné & Deci, 2005Gagné, M., & Deci, E. L. (2005). Self-determination theory and work motivation. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 26(4), 331-362. Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.0.3.234/job.322 http://dx.doi.org/10.0.3.234/job.322... ).
Well-being (bem-estar)	Assim como a motivação, este construto também é utilizado de uma forma mais ampla no contexto do trabalho. É chamado de bem-estar afetivo, de forma a distingui-lo da saúde física (Danna & Griffin, 1999Danna, K., & Griffin, R. (1999). Health and well-being in the workplace: A review and synthesis of the literature. Journal of Management, 25(3), 357-384. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/014920639902500305 http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/01492063990250... ) e pode ser diferenciado entre bem-estar objetivo (relaciona-se com condições objetivas, tais como conforto e riqueza) e subjetivo (reflete a experiência do indivíduo e sua avaliação da própria condição) (Diener, 1984Diener, E. (1984). Subjective well being. Psychological Bulletin, 95(3), 542-575.).

Termo^a a Para caracterizar o termo em questão, que pode ser utilizado em outros contextos, foram acrescidos, para fins de busca, as palavras work, job, organizational e/ou employee.	# artigos	Life Sciences	Health Sciences	Physical Sciences	Social Sciences & Humanities
Satisfaction	31.937	5%	54%c	6%	35%
Well-being	6.645	5%	37%	8%	49%
Commitment	4.807	4%	17%	8%	71%
Engagement	2.402	2%	21%	10%	67%
Motivation	1.084	4%	25%	8%	63%
Involvement	643	3%	17%	8%	72%
Flow State ^b b Neste caso específico, foram utilizados também os termos state of flow e flow experience, além de acrescentado o nome do autor à busca (em todos os campos), pois especificamente em Physical Sciences há outros termos semelhantes.	500	3%	11%	19%	66%
Total	48.081	5%	44%	7%	44%

Consequência	Construto	Referência
↓Absenteísmo	Commitment	Mowday, Steers e Porter (1996)Mowday, R. T., Steers, R. M., & Porter, L. W. (1996). The measurement of organizational commitment and professional commitment. The Journal of Social Psychology, 136(2), 265-267. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00224545.1996.9714004 http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00224545.1996....
↓ Acidentes	Satisfaction	Harter, Schmidt e Hayes (2002)Harter, J. K., Schmidt, F. L., & Hayes, T. L. (2002). Business-unit-level relationship between employee satisfaction, employee engagement, and business outcomes: A meta-analysis. Journal of Applied Psychology, 87(2), 268-279. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037//0021-9010.87.2.268 http://dx.doi.org/10.1037//0021-9010.87....
↓ Acidentes	Engagement
↑ Lucratividade	Engagement	Gallup (2013)Gallup. (2013). The state of the American workplace: Employee engagement insights for U.S. business leaders. gallup. Retrieved from http://employeeengagement.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/06/Gallup-2013-State-of-the-American-Workplace-Report.pdf http://employeeengagement.com/wp-content... ; Hughes e Rog (2008)Hughes, J. C., & Rog, E. (2008). Talent management: A strategy for improving employee recruitment, retention and engagement within hospitality organizations. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 20(7), 743-757. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09596110810899086 http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09596110810899...
↑ Lucratividade	Satisfaction	*Harter et al.* (2002)**Harter, J. K., Schmidt, F. L., & Hayes, T. L. (2002). Business-unit-level relationship between employee satisfaction, employee engagement, and business outcomes: A meta-analysis. Journal of Applied Psychology, 87(2), 268-279. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037//0021-9010.87.2.268 http://dx.doi.org/10.1037//0021-9010.87....
↑ Produtividade/Desempenho	Commitment	*Mowday et al.* (1996)**Mowday, R. T., Steers, R. M., & Porter, L. W. (1996). The measurement of organizational commitment and professional commitment. The Journal of Social Psychology, 136(2), 265-267. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00224545.1996.9714004 http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00224545.1996....
	Engagement	Gallup (2013)Gallup. (2013). The state of the American workplace: Employee engagement insights for U.S. business leaders. gallup. Retrieved from http://employeeengagement.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/06/Gallup-2013-State-of-the-American-Workplace-Report.pdf http://employeeengagement.com/wp-content... ; *Harter et al.* (2002)Harter, J. K., Schmidt, F. L., & Hayes, T. L. (2002). Business-unit-level relationship between employee satisfaction, employee engagement, and business outcomes: A meta-analysis. Journal of Applied Psychology, 87(2), 268-279. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037//0021-9010.87.2.268 http://dx.doi.org/10.1037//0021-9010.87.... ; Hughes e Rog (2008)Hughes, J. C., & Rog, E. (2008). Talent management: A strategy for improving employee recruitment, retention and engagement within hospitality organizations. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 20(7), 743-757. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09596110810899086 http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09596110810899... ; Shuck, Reio e Rocco (2011)**Shuck, B., Reio, T. G., & Rocco, T. S. (2011). Employee engagement: An examination of antecedent and outcome variables. Human Resource Development International, 14(4), 427-445. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13678868.2011.601587 http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13678868.2011....
	Satisfaction	Brayfield e Crockett (1955)Brayfield, A. H., & Crockett, W. H. (1955). Employee attitudes and employee performance. Psychological Bulletin, 52(2), 396-424. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/h0045899 http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/h0045899... ; Fisher (2003)Fisher, C. D. (2003). Why do lay people believe that satisfaction and performance are correlated? Possible sources of a commonsense theory. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 24(6), 753-777. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/job.219 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/job.219... ; *Harter et al.* (2002)Harter, J. K., Schmidt, F. L., & Hayes, T. L. (2002). Business-unit-level relationship between employee satisfaction, employee engagement, and business outcomes: A meta-analysis. Journal of Applied Psychology, 87(2), 268-279. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037//0021-9010.87.2.268 http://dx.doi.org/10.1037//0021-9010.87.... ; Spicer e Cederström (2015)Spicer, A., & Cederström, C. (2015). The research we've ignored about happiness at work. Harvard Business Review. Retrieved from https://hbr.org/2015/07/the-research-weve-ignored-about-happiness-at-work https://hbr.org/2015/07/the-research-wev... ; Weiss e Cropanzano (1996)**Weiss, H. M., & Cropanzano, R. (1996). Affective events theory: A theoretical discussion of the structure, causes and consequences of affective experiences at work. In B. M. Staw & L. L. Cummings (Orgs.), Research in organizational behavior: an annual series of analytical essays and critical reviews (Vol. 18, pp. 1-74). Greenwich, CT: JAI.
	Well-being	Wright e Huang (2012)Wright, T. A., & Huang, C.-C. (2012). The many benefits of employee well-being in organizational research. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 33(8), 1188-1192. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/job.1828 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/job.1828...
↑ Qualidade do serviço	Engagement	Hughes e Rog (2008)Hughes, J. C., & Rog, E. (2008). Talent management: A strategy for improving employee recruitment, retention and engagement within hospitality organizations. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 20(7), 743-757. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09596110810899086 http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09596110810899...
↑ Satisfação do cliente	Engagement	Gallup (2013)Gallup. (2013). The state of the American workplace: Employee engagement insights for U.S. business leaders. gallup. Retrieved from http://employeeengagement.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/06/Gallup-2013-State-of-the-American-Workplace-Report.pdf http://employeeengagement.com/wp-content... ; *Harter et al.* (2002)**Harter, J. K., Schmidt, F. L., & Hayes, T. L. (2002). Business-unit-level relationship between employee satisfaction, employee engagement, and business outcomes: A meta-analysis. Journal of Applied Psychology, 87(2), 268-279. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037//0021-9010.87.2.268 http://dx.doi.org/10.1037//0021-9010.87....
↑ Saúde do indivíduo	Well-being	Wright e Huang (2012)Wright, T. A., & Huang, C.-C. (2012). The many benefits of employee well-being in organizational research. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 33(8), 1188-1192. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/job.1828 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/job.1828...
↓ Turnover	Commitment	*Mowday et al.* (1982)Mowday, R. T., Porter, L. W., & Steers, R. M. (1982). Employee-organization linkages: The psychology of commitment, absenteeism, and turnover. New York: Academic Press.; Mowday et al. (1996)**Mowday, R. T., Steers, R. M., & Porter, L. W. (1996). The measurement of organizational commitment and professional commitment. The Journal of Social Psychology, 136(2), 265-267. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00224545.1996.9714004 http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00224545.1996....
	Engagement	Hughes e Rog (2008)Hughes, J. C., & Rog, E. (2008). Talent management: A strategy for improving employee recruitment, retention and engagement within hospitality organizations. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 20(7), 743-757. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09596110810899086 http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09596110810899... ; *Shuck et al.* (2011)**Shuck, B., Reio, T. G., & Rocco, T. S. (2011). Employee engagement: An examination of antecedent and outcome variables. Human Resource Development International, 14(4), 427-445. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13678868.2011.601587 http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13678868.2011....
	Involvement	Wickert (1951)Wickert, F. R. (1951). Turnover and employees’ feelings of ego involvement in the day-to-day operations of a company. Personnel Psychology, 4(2), 185-197. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-6570.1951.tb01472.x http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-6570.19...
	Satisfaction	*Harter et al.* (2002)**Harter, J. K., Schmidt, F. L., & Hayes, T. L. (2002). Business-unit-level relationship between employee satisfaction, employee engagement, and business outcomes: A meta-analysis. Journal of Applied Psychology, 87(2), 268-279. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037//0021-9010.87.2.268 http://dx.doi.org/10.1037//0021-9010.87....
	Well-being	Wright e Huang (2012)Wright, T. A., & Huang, C.-C. (2012). The many benefits of employee well-being in organizational research. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 33(8), 1188-1192. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/job.1828 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/job.1828...
↑ Vendas	Engagement	Hughes e Rog (2008)Hughes, J. C., & Rog, E. (2008). Talent management: A strategy for improving employee recruitment, retention and engagement within hospitality organizations. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 20(7), 743-757. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09596110810899086 http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09596110810899...

Nível de análise		Antecedentes	Referências
Indivíduo		Carga genética	Arvey, Bouchard, Segal e Abraham (1989)Arvey, R. D., Bouchard, T. J., Segal, N. L., & Abraham, L. M. (1989). Job satisfaction: Environmental and genetic components. Journal of Applied Psychology, 74(2), 187-192. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.74.2.187 http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.74.2... ; Lykken e Tellegen (1996)Lykken, D., & Tellegen, A. (1996). Happiness is a stochastic phenomenon. American Psychological Science, 7(3), 186-189. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9280.1996.tb00355.x http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9280.19... ; Schnittker (2008)Schnittker, J. (2008). Happiness and success: Genes, families, and the psychological effects of socioeconomic position and social support. American Journal of Sociology, 114(S1), S233-S259. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/592424 http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/592424... ; Sosis (2014)Sosis, C. (2014). Hedonic possibilities and heritability statistics. Philosophical Psychology, 27(5), 681-702. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09515089.2013.764563 http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09515089.2013....
		Traços de personalidade	Handa e Gulati (2014)Handa, M., & Gulati, A. (2014). Employee engagement - Does individual personality matter. Journal of Management Research, 14(1), 57-67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ert http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ert... ; Ilies e Judge (2003)Ilies, R., & Judge, T. A. (2003). On the heritability of job satisfaction: The mediating role of personality. Journal of Applied Psychology, 88(4), 750-759. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.88.4.750 http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.88.4... ; Judge, Heller e Mount (2002)Judge, T. A., Heller, D., & Mount, M. K. (2002). Five-factor model of personality and job satisfaction. Journal of Applied Psychology, 87(3), 530-541. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.87.3.530 http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.87.3... ; Staw e Ross (1985)Staw, B. M., & Ross, J. (1985). Stability in the midst of change - a dispositional approach to jobattitudes. Journal of Applied Psychology, 70(3), 469-480. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.70.3.469 http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.70.3...
		Vocação (chamado)	Bellah, Madsen, Sullivan, Swidler e Tipton (1985)Bellah, R. N., Madsen, R., Sullivan, W. M., Swidler, A., & Tipton, S. M. (1985). Habits of the heart: Individualism and commitment in American life. Los Angeles: University of California Press.; Wrzesniewski, McCauley, Rozin e Schwartz (1997)Wrzesniewski, A., McCauley, C., Rozin, P., & Schwartz, B. (1997). Jobs, careers, and callings: People's relations to their work. Journal of Research in Personality, 31(1), 21-33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jrpe.1997.2162 http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jrpe.1997.2162...
		Criação	R. Jones (2016)Jones, R. (2016, July 19). The family dynamics we grew up with shape how we work. Retrieved July 23, 2016, from https://hbr.org/2016/07/the-family-dynamics-we-grew-up-with-shape-how-we-work https://hbr.org/2016/07/the-family-dynam... ; Schnittker (2008)Schnittker, J. (2008). Happiness and success: Genes, families, and the psychological effects of socioeconomic position and social support. American Journal of Sociology, 114(S1), S233-S259. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/592424 http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/592424...
		Significado do trabalho	Cartwright e Holmes (2006)Cartwright, S., & Holmes, N. (2006). The meaning of work: The challenge of regaining employee engagement and reducing cynicism. Human Resource Management Review, 16(2), 199-208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.hrmr.2006.03.012 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.hrmr.2006.03... ; Dejours (2004)Dejours, C. (2004). A metodologia em psicodinâmica do trabalho. In S. Lancman & L. Sznelwar (Orgs.), Christophe Dejours: Da psicopatologia à psicodinâmica do trabalho (pp. 105-126). Rio de Janeiro: Fiocruz.; Frankl (1984)Frankl, V. E. (1984). Man's search for meaning. New York: Washington Square Press Publication.; Morin (2001)Morin, E. (2001). Os sentidos do trabalho. Revista de Administração de Empresas, 41(3), 8-19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0034-75902001000300002 http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0034-75902001... ; Morin, Tonelli e Pliopas (2007)Morin, E., Tonelli, M. J., & Pliopas, A. L. V. (2007). O trabalho e seus sentidos [Edição Especial]. Psicologia & Sociedade, 19, 47-56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0102-71822007000400008 http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0102-71822007... ; Rosso, Dekas e Wrzesniewski (2010)Rosso, B. D., Dekas, K. H., & Wrzesniewski, A. (2010). On the meaning of work: A theoretical integration and review. Research in Organizational Behavior, 30, 91-127. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.riob.2010.09.001 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.riob.2010.09... ; Wrzesniewski e Dutton (2001)Wrzesniewski, A., & Dutton, J. E. (2001). Crafting a job: As active employees revisioning crafters of their work. Academy of Management Review, 26(2), 179-201. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/259118 http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/259118...
		Inteligência	Ganzach (1998)Ganzach, Y. (1998). Intelligence and job satisfaction. Academy of Management Journal, 41(5), 526-539. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/256940 http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/256940...
		Variáveis demográficas^a Nota. a Idade, número de anos na posição, qualificação, sexo, entre outros.	Dolan, Peasgood e White (2008)Dolan, P., Peasgood, T., & White, M. (2008). Do we really know what makes us happy? A review of the economic literature on the factors associated with subjective well-being. Journal of Economic Psychology, 29(1), 94-122. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.joep.2007.09.001 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.joep.2007.09... ; Lok e Crawford (2004)Lok, P., & Crawford, J. (2004). The effect of organisational culture and leadership style on job satisfaction and organisational commitment: A cross-national comparison. Journal of Management Development, 23(4), 321-338. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/02621710410529785 http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/02621710410529...
Organização	Empresa	Desenvolvimento e treinamento	Baruch (2006)Baruch, Y. (2006). Career development in organizations and beyond: Balancing traditional and contemporary viewpoints. Human Resource Management Review, 16(2), 125-138. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.hrmr.2006.03.002 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.hrmr.2006.03... ; Eisenberger, Huntington, Hutchison e Sowa (1986)Eisenberger, R., Huntington, R., Hutchison, S., & Sowa, D. (1986). Perceived organizational support. Journal of Applied Psychology, 71(3), 500-507. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.71.3.500 http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.71.3... ; M. K. Jones, Jones, Latreille e Sloane (2009)Jones, M. K., Jones, R. J., Latreille, P. L., & Sloane, P. J. (2009). Training, job satisfaction and workplace performance in Britain: Evidence from WERS 2004. LABOUR, 23(s1), 139-175. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9914.2008.00434.x http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9914.20... ; Walton (1973)Walton, R. E. (1973). Quality of working life: What is it? Sloan Management Review, 15(1), 11-21.
		Condições físicas	*Eisenberger et al.* (1986)Eisenberger, R., Huntington, R., Hutchison, S., & Sowa, D. (1986). Perceived organizational support. Journal of Applied Psychology, 71(3), 500-507. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.71.3.500 http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.71.3... ; Morgeson e Humphrey (2006)Morgeson, F. P., & Humphrey, S. E. (2006). The work design questionnaire (WDQ): Developing and validating a comprehensive measure for assessing job design and the nature of work. Journal of Applied Psychology, 91(6), 1321-1339. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.91.6.1321 http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.91.6... ; Walton (1973)**Walton, R. E. (1973). Quality of working life: What is it? Sloan Management Review, 15(1), 11-21.
		Jornada de trabalho	Aronsson (1989)Aronsson, G. (1989). Dimensions of control as related to work organization, stress, and health. International Journal of Health Services, 19(3), 459-468. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/N6KQ-HWA0-H7CJ-KUPQ http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/N6KQ-HWA0-H7CJ... ; Dejours, Abdoucheli e Jayet (1993)Dejours, C., Abdoucheli, E., & Jayet, C. (1993). Psicodinâmica do trabalho - Contribuições da escola dejouriana à análise da relação prazer, sofrimento e trabalho. São Paulo: Atlas.; Leslie, Manchester, Park e Mehng (2012)Leslie, L. M., Manchester, C. F., Park, T.-Y., & Mehng, S. A. (2012). Flexible work practices: A source of career premiums or penalties? Academy of Management Journal, 56(6), 1407-1429. http://dx.doi.org/10.5465/amj.2010.0651 http://dx.doi.org/10.5465/amj.2010.0651... ; Morgeson e Humphrey (2006)Morgeson, F. P., & Humphrey, S. E. (2006). The work design questionnaire (WDQ): Developing and validating a comprehensive measure for assessing job design and the nature of work. Journal of Applied Psychology, 91(6), 1321-1339. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.91.6.1321 http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.91.6... ; Oliveira e Cavazotte (2013)Oliveira, L., Cavazotte, F., & Paciello, R. R. (2013). Antecedentes e consequências dos conflitos entre trabalho e família. Revista de Administração Contemporânea, 17(4), 418-437. Recuperado de http://www.scielo.br/pdf/rac/v17n4/a03v17n4.pdf. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S1415-65552013000400003 http://www.scielo.br/pdf/rac/v17n4/a03v1... ; Spector e Jex (1998)Spector, P. E., & Jex, S. M. (1998). Development of four self-report measures of job stressors and strain: Interpersonal conflict at work scale, organizational constraints scale, quantitative workload inventory, and physical symptoms inventory. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 3(4), 356-367. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/1076-8998.3.4.356 http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/1076-8998.3.4.... ; Walton (1973)Walton, R. E. (1973). Quality of working life: What is it? Sloan Management Review, 15(1), 11-21.
		Justiça	*Eisenberger et al.* (1986)Eisenberger, R., Huntington, R., Hutchison, S., & Sowa, D. (1986). Perceived organizational support. Journal of Applied Psychology, 71(3), 500-507. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.71.3.500 http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.71.3... ; Walton (1973)**Walton, R. E. (1973). Quality of working life: What is it? Sloan Management Review, 15(1), 11-21.
		Remuneração	*Eisenberger et al.* (1986)Eisenberger, R., Huntington, R., Hutchison, S., & Sowa, D. (1986). Perceived organizational support. Journal of Applied Psychology, 71(3), 500-507. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.71.3.500 http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.71.3... ; Walton (1973)**Walton, R. E. (1973). Quality of working life: What is it? Sloan Management Review, 15(1), 11-21.
		Segurança	Bose e Sampath (2016)Bose, I., & Sampath, S. (2016). Workers’ perception to job security: An empirical study on the organized leather industry in Kolkata, India. Skyline Business Journal, 11(1), 12-21.; Kets de Vries e Balazs (1997)Kets de Vries, M. F. R., & Balazs, K. (1997). The downside of downsizing. Human Relations, 50(1), 11-50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/001872679705000102 http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00187267970500... ; *Eisenberger et al.* (1986)**Eisenberger, R., Huntington, R., Hutchison, S., & Sowa, D. (1986). Perceived organizational support. Journal of Applied Psychology, 71(3), 500-507. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.71.3.500 http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.71.3...
		Cultura organizacional	Boxx, Odom e Dunn (1991Boxx, W. R., Odom, R. Y., & Dunn, M. G. (1991). Organizational values and value congruency and their impact on satisfaction, commitment, and cohension: An empirical examination within the public sector. Public Personnel Management, 20(1), 195-205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/009102609102000207 http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00910260910200... ; Fernandes e Zanelli (2006)Fernandes, K. R., & Zanelli, J. C. (2006). O processo de construçăo e reconstruçăo das identidades dos indivíduos nas organizaçoes. Revista de Administração Contemporânea, 10(1), 55-72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S1415-65552006000100004 http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S1415-65552006... ; Lund (2003)Lund, D. B. (2003). Organizational culture and job satisfaction. Journal of Business Industrial Marketing, 18(2/3), 219-236. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/0885862031047313 http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/08858620310473... ; Odom, Boxx e Dunn (1990)Odom, R. Y., Boxx, W. R., & Dunn, M. G. (1990). Organizational cultures, commitment, satisfaction, and cohesion. Public Productivity & Management Review, 14(2), 157-169. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3380963 http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3380963...
	Função	Controle/autonomia	Aronsson (1989)Aronsson, G. (1989). Dimensions of control as related to work organization, stress, and health. International Journal of Health Services, 19(3), 459-468. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/N6KQ-HWA0-H7CJ-KUPQ http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/N6KQ-HWA0-H7CJ... ; Csikszentmihalyi (1991)Csikszentmihalyi, M. (1991). Flow: The psychology of optimal experience. New York: Harper & Row.; Hackman e Oldham (1976)Hackman, J. R., & Oldham, G. R. (1976). Motivation through the design of work: Test of a theory. Organizational Behavior and Human Performance, 16(2), 250-279. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0030-5073(76)90016-7 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0030-5073(76)9... ; Karasek (1989)Karasek, R. (1989). The political implications of psychosocial work redesign: A model of the psychosocial class structure. International Journal of Health Services, 19(3), 481-508. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/66AM-Q4PF-PUHK-5BT1 http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/66AM-Q4PF-PUHK... ; Morgeson e Humphrey (2006)Morgeson, F. P., & Humphrey, S. E. (2006). The work design questionnaire (WDQ): Developing and validating a comprehensive measure for assessing job design and the nature of work. Journal of Applied Psychology, 91(6), 1321-1339. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.91.6.1321 http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.91.6...
		Variedade de atividades e habilidades	Dejours (2004)Dejours, C. (2004). A metodologia em psicodinâmica do trabalho. In S. Lancman & L. Sznelwar (Orgs.), Christophe Dejours: Da psicopatologia à psicodinâmica do trabalho (pp. 105-126). Rio de Janeiro: Fiocruz.; Hackman e Oldham (1976)Hackman, J. R., & Oldham, G. R. (1976). Motivation through the design of work: Test of a theory. Organizational Behavior and Human Performance, 16(2), 250-279. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0030-5073(76)90016-7 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0030-5073(76)9... ; Johansson (1989)Johansson, G. (1989). Job demands and stress reactions in repetitive and uneventful monotony at work. International Journal of Health Services, 19(2), 365-377. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/XYP9-VK4Y-9H80-VV3K http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/XYP9-VK4Y-9H80... ; Morgeson e Humphrey (2006)Morgeson, F. P., & Humphrey, S. E. (2006). The work design questionnaire (WDQ): Developing and validating a comprehensive measure for assessing job design and the nature of work. Journal of Applied Psychology, 91(6), 1321-1339. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.91.6.1321 http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.91.6... ; Walton (1973)Walton, R. E. (1973). Quality of working life: What is it? Sloan Management Review, 15(1), 11-21.
		Equilíbrio entre complexidade e capacidade	Csikszentmihalyi (1991)Csikszentmihalyi, M. (1991). Flow: The psychology of optimal experience. New York: Harper & Row.; Morgeson e Humphrey (2006)Morgeson, F. P., & Humphrey, S. E. (2006). The work design questionnaire (WDQ): Developing and validating a comprehensive measure for assessing job design and the nature of work. Journal of Applied Psychology, 91(6), 1321-1339. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.91.6.1321 http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.91.6...
		Feedback claro e imediato	Csikszentmihalyi (1991)Csikszentmihalyi, M. (1991). Flow: The psychology of optimal experience. New York: Harper & Row.; Hackman e Oldham (1976)Hackman, J. R., & Oldham, G. R. (1976). Motivation through the design of work: Test of a theory. Organizational Behavior and Human Performance, 16(2), 250-279. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0030-5073(76)90016-7 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0030-5073(76)9... ; Morgeson e Humphrey (2006)Morgeson, F. P., & Humphrey, S. E. (2006). The work design questionnaire (WDQ): Developing and validating a comprehensive measure for assessing job design and the nature of work. Journal of Applied Psychology, 91(6), 1321-1339. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.91.6.1321 http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.91.6...
		Relevância, significância e identidade	Hackman e Oldham (1976)Hackman, J. R., & Oldham, G. R. (1976). Motivation through the design of work: Test of a theory. Organizational Behavior and Human Performance, 16(2), 250-279. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0030-5073(76)90016-7 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0030-5073(76)9... ; Morgeson e Humphrey (2006)Morgeson, F. P., & Humphrey, S. E. (2006). The work design questionnaire (WDQ): Developing and validating a comprehensive measure for assessing job design and the nature of work. Journal of Applied Psychology, 91(6), 1321-1339. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.91.6.1321 http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.91.6...
		Possibilidade de alteração do desenho da função	Dejours (2004)Dejours, C. (2004). A metodologia em psicodinâmica do trabalho. In S. Lancman & L. Sznelwar (Orgs.), Christophe Dejours: Da psicopatologia à psicodinâmica do trabalho (pp. 105-126). Rio de Janeiro: Fiocruz.; Handa e Gulati (2014)Handa, M., & Gulati, A. (2014). Employee engagement - Does individual personality matter. Journal of Management Research, 14(1), 57-67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ert http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ert... ; Wrzesniewski e Dutton (2001)Wrzesniewski, A., & Dutton, J. E. (2001). Crafting a job: As active employees revisioning crafters of their work. Academy of Management Review, 26(2), 179-201. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/259118 http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/259118...
	Pessoas	Relações com gestor	Carasco-Saul, Kim e Kim (2015)Carasco-Saul, M., Kim, W., & Kim, T. (2015). Leadership and employee engagement: Proposing research agendas through a review of literature. Human Resource Development Review, 14(1), 38-63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1534484314560406 http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/15344843145604... ; Dejours (2004)Dejours, C. (2004). A metodologia em psicodinâmica do trabalho. In S. Lancman & L. Sznelwar (Orgs.), Christophe Dejours: Da psicopatologia à psicodinâmica do trabalho (pp. 105-126). Rio de Janeiro: Fiocruz.; Karasek (1989)Karasek, R. (1989). The political implications of psychosocial work redesign: A model of the psychosocial class structure. International Journal of Health Services, 19(3), 481-508. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/66AM-Q4PF-PUHK-5BT1 http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/66AM-Q4PF-PUHK... ; Lennerlöf (1989); Li e Liao (2014)Li, A. N., & Liao, H. (2014). How do leader–member exchange quality and differentiation affect performance in teams? An integrated multilevel dual process model. Journal of Applied Psychology, 99(5), 847-866. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0037233 http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0037233... .
	Pessoas	Relações com grupo	Dejours (2004)Dejours, C. (2004). A metodologia em psicodinâmica do trabalho. In S. Lancman & L. Sznelwar (Orgs.), Christophe Dejours: Da psicopatologia à psicodinâmica do trabalho (pp. 105-126). Rio de Janeiro: Fiocruz.; Johnson (1989)Johnson, J. V. (1989). Collective control: Strategies for survival in the workplace. International Journal of Health Services, 19(3), 469-480. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/H1D1-AB94-JM7X-DDM4 http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/H1D1-AB94-JM7X... ; Kirmeyer e Lin (1987)Kirmeyer, S. L., & Lin, T. (1987). Social support: Its relationship to observed communication with peers and superiors. Academy of Management Journal, 30(1), 138-151. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/255900 http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/255900... ; *Paschoal et al.* (2010)**Paschoal, T., Torres, C. V., & Porto, J. B. (2010). Felicidade no trabalho: Relações com suporte organizacional e suporte social. Revista de Administração Contemporânea, 14(6), 1054-1072. Recuperado de http://www.scielo.br/pdf/rac/v14n6/v14n6a05.pdf. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S1415-65552010000700005 http://www.scielo.br/pdf/rac/v14n6/v14n6...

Nível de análise		Teoria/Modelo	Autores
Indivíduo		Teoria das Necessidades	Maslow (1943)Maslow, A. H. (1943). A theory of human motivation. Psychological Review, 50(13), 370-396. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/h0054346 http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/h0054346...
		Teoria da Motivação-Higiene	Herzberg, Mausner e Bloc (1959)Herzberg, F., Mausner, B., & Bloc, B. (1959). The motivation to work. New York: Wiley.
		Psicodinâmica do Trabalho	Dejours (2004)Dejours, C. (2004). A metodologia em psicodinâmica do trabalho. In S. Lancman & L. Sznelwar (Orgs.), Christophe Dejours: Da psicopatologia à psicodinâmica do trabalho (pp. 105-126). Rio de Janeiro: Fiocruz.
		Psicologia Positiva	Seligman (2002)Seligman, M. E. P. (2002). Authentic happiness: Using the new positive psychology to realize your potential for lasting fulfillment. New York: Free Press.
		Economia da felicidade	Frey e Stutzer (2002)Frey, B., & Stutzer, A. (2002). The economics of happiness. World Economics, 3(1), 1-17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/001152604323049361 http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/00115260432304...
Organização	Empresa	Qualidade de Vida Total	Walton (1973)Walton, R. E. (1973). Quality of working life: What is it? Sloan Management Review, 15(1), 11-21.
	Empresa	Suporte Organizacional Percebido	*Eisenberger et al.* (1986)**Eisenberger, R., Huntington, R., Hutchison, S., & Sowa, D. (1986). Perceived organizational support. Journal of Applied Psychology, 71(3), 500-507. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.71.3.500 http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.71.3...
	Função	Modelo das Características da Função	Hackman e Oldham (1976)Hackman, J. R., & Oldham, G. R. (1976). Motivation through the design of work: Test of a theory. Organizational Behavior and Human Performance, 16(2), 250-279. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0030-5073(76)90016-7 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0030-5073(76)9...
	Função	Modelo Demanda-Controle da Função	Karasek (1989)Karasek, R. (1989). The political implications of psychosocial work redesign: A model of the psychosocial class structure. International Journal of Health Services, 19(3), 481-508. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/66AM-Q4PF-PUHK-5BT1 http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/66AM-Q4PF-PUHK...
	Pessoas	Suporte Social	House (1981)House, J. S. (1981). Work stress and social support. London: Addison-Wesley Educational Publishers Inc.

Fit		Referências
Person-Organization	P-O	Boon, Den Hartog, Boselie e Paauwe (2011)Boon, C., Den Hartog, D. N., Boselie, P., & Paauwe, J. (2011). The relationship between perceptions of HR practices and employee outcomes: examining the role of person–organisation and person–job fit. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 22(1), 138-162. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09585192.2011.538978 http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09585192.2011.... ; Edwards (2008)Edwards, J. R. (2008). Person–environment fit in organizations: An assessment of theoretical progress. The Academy of Management Annals, 2(1), 167-230. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19416520802211503 http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19416520802211... ; Sousa e Porto (2015)Sousa, J. M. de, & Porto, J. B. (2015). Happiness at work: Organizational values and person-organization fit impact. Paidéia, 25(61), 211-220. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1982-43272561201509 http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1982-432725612... ; Vogel e Feldman (2009)Vogel, R. M., & Feldman, D. C. (2009). Integrating the levels of person-environment fit: The roles of vocational fit and group fit. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 75(1), 68-81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2009.03.007 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2009.03....
Person-Job	P-J
Person-Group	P-G	Kristof-Brown, Jansen e Colbert (2002)Kristof-Brown, A. L., Jansen, K. J., & Colbert, A. E. (2002). A policy-capturing study of the simultaneous effects of fit with jobs, groups, and organizations. Journal of Applied Psychology, 87(5), 985-993. http://dx.doi.org/10.5465/APBPP.2001.27461493 http://dx.doi.org/10.5465/APBPP.2001.274... ; Vogel e Feldman (2009)Vogel, R. M., & Feldman, D. C. (2009). Integrating the levels of person-environment fit: The roles of vocational fit and group fit. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 75(1), 68-81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2009.03.007 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2009.03....
Person-Vocation	P-V	Vogel e Feldman (2009)Vogel, R. M., & Feldman, D. C. (2009). Integrating the levels of person-environment fit: The roles of vocational fit and group fit. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 75(1), 68-81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2009.03.007 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2009.03....
Person-Culture	P-C	*O'Reilly et al.* (1991)**O'Reilly, C. A., Chatman, J., & Caldwell, D. F. (1991). People and organizational culture: A profile comparison approach to assessing person-organization fit. Academy of Management Journal, 34(3), 487-516. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/256404 http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/256404...

[1] Dados dos Autores

Gisela Sender

Rua Pascoal Lemme, 355, Ilha do Fundão, Cidade Universitária, 21941-918, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil. E-mail: gisela.sender@coppead.ufrj.br

Denise Fleck

Rua Pascoal Lemme, 355, Ilha do Fundão, Cidade Universitária, 21941-918, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil. E-mail: denise@coppead.ufrj.br

Brasil

Brasil

As Organizações e a Felicidade no Trabalho: Uma Perspectiva Integrada

Organizations and Happiness at Work: An Integrated Perspective

Resumo