Causes |
Consumer behavior, as stringent high quality and esthetic standards. Lack of planning and carelessness of consumers regarding the expiry date of food. A large monthly purchase, hampering the management of the food in stock Prioritization of food abundance and freshness, performing the bountiful preparation of food and discarding leftovers. Cultural behaviors. Poor recycling systems Lack of adequate awareness education programs for reducing waste. Lack of private sector participation and funding to improve services aimed at reducing loss and waste. Lack of coordination among supply chain stakeholders. Sales contracts between producers/farmers and buyers can also lead to crop waste |
Thi, Kumar e Li (2015)Thi, N. B. D., Kumar, G. & Lin, C-Y. (Julho, 2015). An overview of food waste management in developing countries: Current status and future perspective. Journal of Environmental Management, 157, 220-229. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2015.04.022 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2015.0...
, FAO (2011)FAO. (2011). Global Food Losses and Food Waste: Extent, Causes and Prevention. A Report by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Rome., CAISAN, (2018)Câmara Interministerial de Segurança Alimentar e Nutricional - CAISAN. (2018). Estratégia Intersetorial para a Redução de Perdas e Desperdício de Alimentos no Brasil. Recuperado de: https://www.mds.gov.br/webarquivos/arquivo/seguranca_alimentar/caisan/Publicacao/Caisan_Nacional/PDA.pdf https://www.mds.gov.br/webarquivos/arqui...
, Parfitt, Barthel e Macnaughton (2012)Parfitt, J., Barthel, M. & Macnaughton, S. (Setembro, 2010). Food waste within food supply chains: quantification and potential for change to 2050. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, 365, 3065-3081. doi: 10.1098/rstb.2010.0126 https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2010.0126...
, Brancoli, Rousta e Bolton (2017)Brancoli, P., Rousta, K. & Bolton, K. (2017) Life cycle assessment of supermarket food waste. Resources, Conservation & Recycling, 118, 39-46. DOI: 10.1016/j.resconrec.2016.11.024 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2016...
, Porpino et al. (2018)Porpino, G. et al. (2018). Intercâmbio Brasil - União Europeia sobre desperdício de alimentos. Relatório final de pesquisa. Brasília: Diálogos Setoriais União Europeia - Brasil. Recuperado de http://www.sectordialogues.org/publicacao http://www.sectordialogues.org/publicaca...
, WRAP (2009)WRAP. (2009) Household food and drink waste in the UK. A Report by the Waste and Resources Action Programme. Banbury, UK.. |
Impacts |
Increased production to compensate for loss and waste (natural overuse) Water waste (agriculture accounts for 70% of the world's annual use of water resources). Inefficient use of natural and financial resources Food insecurity Negative impacts on consumer access due to rising food prices. Reduces the economic gains of food chain actors Increased use of fertilizers. Deforestation, loss of biodiversity and natural ecosystems. Terrestrial acidification and aquatic eutrophication Methane and carbon dioxide emissions that cause climate change The carbon-related impact embedded in the earlier stages of the food life cycle that has been wasted. |
Lipinski et al (2013)Lipinski, B., Hanson, C., Lomax J., Kitinoja, L., Waite, R. & Searchinger, T. (2013). Reducing Food Loss and Waste ENT#091;Working paperENT#093;. World Resources Institute, Washington, DC., FAO (2014FAO. (2014). Food waste footprint: Full-cost accounting. Recuperado de http://www.fao.org/3/a-i3991e.pdf http://www.fao.org/3/a-i3991e.pdf...
, 2017)FAO. (2017). FAO no Brasil: Representante da FAO Brasil apresenta cenário da demanda por alimentos. Recuperado de http://www.fao.org/brasil/noticias/detail-events/pt/c/901168/ http://www.fao.org/brasil/noticias/detai...
, CAISAN (2018)Câmara Interministerial de Segurança Alimentar e Nutricional - CAISAN. (2018). Estratégia Intersetorial para a Redução de Perdas e Desperdício de Alimentos no Brasil. Recuperado de: https://www.mds.gov.br/webarquivos/arquivo/seguranca_alimentar/caisan/Publicacao/Caisan_Nacional/PDA.pdf https://www.mds.gov.br/webarquivos/arqui...
, Food Loss and Waste Protocol (2016)Food Loss and Waste Protocol. (2016). Food loss and waste accounting and reporting standard. First version. Recuperado de http://www.flwprotocol.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/FLW_ Standard_final_2016.pdf http://www.flwprotocol.org/wp-content/up...
, Gromko e Abdurasalova (2018)Gromko D, Abdurasalova G. 2018. Climate change mitigation and food loss and waste reduction: Exploring the business case. CCAFS Working Paper no. 246. Wageningen, the Netherlands: CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS)., NRDC (2017)NRDC. (2017). How America is losing up to 40 percent of its food from farm to fork to landfill. A Report by the Natural Resources Defense Council. Recuperado de https://www.nrdc.org/sites/default/files/wasted-2017-report.pdf https://www.nrdc.org/sites/default/files...
, Papargyropoulou et al . (2014)Papargyropoulou, E., Lozano, R., Steinberger, J. K. & Ujang, Z. B. (Agosto, 2014). The food waste hierarchy as a framework for the management of food surplus and food waste. Journal of Cleaner Production, 76, 106-115. DOI: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2014.04.020 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2014.0...
, Brancoli, Rousta e Bolton, (2017)Brancoli, P., Rousta, K. & Bolton, K. (2017) Life cycle assessment of supermarket food waste. Resources, Conservation & Recycling, 118, 39-46. DOI: 10.1016/j.resconrec.2016.11.024 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2016...
, FUSIONS, (2014)FUSIONS. (2014). FUSIONS Definitional Framework for Food Waste. France. Retrived from: https://www.eu-fusions.org/phocadownload/Publications/FUSIONS%20Definitional%20Framework%20for%20Food%20Waste%202014.pdf https://www.eu-fusions.org/phocadownload...
, Garcia-Garcia, Woolley e Rahimifard (2015)Garcia-Garcia, G., Woolley, E. & Rahimifard, S. (2015). A Framework for a More Efficient Approach to Food Waste Management. International Journal of Food Engineering, 1(1), p. 65-72. doi: 10.18178/ijfe.1.1.65-72 https://doi.org/10.18178/ijfe.1.1.65-72...
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Solutions for reducing food waste |
Consumer awareness strategies (public campaigns, changing the labeling and packaging system, portion reduction in restaurant dishes, purchase planning and proper storage, among others). Research and development of technological innovations to reduce food waste New business models that connect stakeholders in the chain through information technology. Greater coordination among stakeholders, improving communication, process and operations in the supply chain. Redistribution of edible and healthy food for human consumption The amendment and implementation of laws and regulations that promote and facilitate food donations. Production of animal feed with food being diverted from the food chain Bioenergy generation Composting, creating a nutrient-rich organic fertilizer. Anaerobic digestion Incineration, and disposal on landfill sites or as sewage. |
FUSIONS (2014)FUSIONS. (2014). FUSIONS Definitional Framework for Food Waste. France. Retrived from: https://www.eu-fusions.org/phocadownload/Publications/FUSIONS%20Definitional%20Framework%20for%20Food%20Waste%202014.pdf https://www.eu-fusions.org/phocadownload...
, NRDC (2017)NRDC. (2017). How America is losing up to 40 percent of its food from farm to fork to landfill. A Report by the Natural Resources Defense Council. Recuperado de https://www.nrdc.org/sites/default/files/wasted-2017-report.pdf https://www.nrdc.org/sites/default/files...
, Papargyropoulou et al . (2014)Papargyropoulou, E., Lozano, R., Steinberger, J. K. & Ujang, Z. B. (Agosto, 2014). The food waste hierarchy as a framework for the management of food surplus and food waste. Journal of Cleaner Production, 76, 106-115. DOI: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2014.04.020 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2014.0...
, Garcia-Garcia, Woolley e Rahimifard (2015)Garcia-Garcia, G., Woolley, E. & Rahimifard, S. (2015). A Framework for a More Efficient Approach to Food Waste Management. International Journal of Food Engineering, 1(1), p. 65-72. doi: 10.18178/ijfe.1.1.65-72 https://doi.org/10.18178/ijfe.1.1.65-72...
, Lipinski et al . (2013)Lipinski, B., Hanson, C., Lomax J., Kitinoja, L., Waite, R. & Searchinger, T. (2013). Reducing Food Loss and Waste ENT#091;Working paperENT#093;. World Resources Institute, Washington, DC., Gromko e Abdurasalova (2018)Gromko D, Abdurasalova G. 2018. Climate change mitigation and food loss and waste reduction: Exploring the business case. CCAFS Working Paper no. 246. Wageningen, the Netherlands: CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS)., FAO (2011)FAO. (2011). Global Food Losses and Food Waste: Extent, Causes and Prevention. A Report by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Rome., Parfitt, Barthel e Macnaughton (2010)Parfitt, J., Barthel, M. & Macnaughton, S. (Setembro, 2010). Food waste within food supply chains: quantification and potential for change to 2050. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, 365, 3065-3081. doi: 10.1098/rstb.2010.0126 https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2010.0126...
, CAISAN (2018)Câmara Interministerial de Segurança Alimentar e Nutricional - CAISAN. (2018). Estratégia Intersetorial para a Redução de Perdas e Desperdício de Alimentos no Brasil. Recuperado de: https://www.mds.gov.br/webarquivos/arquivo/seguranca_alimentar/caisan/Publicacao/Caisan_Nacional/PDA.pdf https://www.mds.gov.br/webarquivos/arqui...
, Searchinger et al. (2018)Searchinger, T. et al. (2018). Creating a Sustainable Food Future: A Menu of Solutions to Feed Nearly 10 Billion People by 2050 (Synthesis Report). Washington, DC: World Resources Institute., Porpino et al (2018)Porpino, G. et al. (2018). Intercâmbio Brasil - União Europeia sobre desperdício de alimentos. Relatório final de pesquisa. Brasília: Diálogos Setoriais União Europeia - Brasil. Recuperado de http://www.sectordialogues.org/publicacao http://www.sectordialogues.org/publicaca...
, Henz e Porpino (2017)Henz, G. P. & Porpino, G. (2017). Food losses and waste: how Brazil is facing this global challenge? Horticultura Brasileira, 35(4), 472-482. doi: 10.1590/S0102-053620170402 https://doi.org/10.1590/S0102-0536201704...
, Thi, Kumar e Li (2015)Thi, N. B. D., Kumar, G. & Lin, C-Y. (Julho, 2015). An overview of food waste management in developing countries: Current status and future perspective. Journal of Environmental Management, 157, 220-229. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2015.04.022 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2015.0...
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