PASSION, EDUCATION, AND CREATIVITY AND THEIR EFFECTS ON ENTREPRENEURIAL INTENTION

Pitombeira, Renata Torquato de Araujo; Sousa Filho, José Milton de; Ferreira Neto, Macário Neri

doi:10.1590/S0034-759020230606x

Renata Torquato de Araujo Pitombeira ^**Corresponding author

Conceptualization

Methodology

Writing - original draft

Writing - review and editing

Universidade de Fortaleza, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Administração, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6087-1380

José Milton de Sousa Filho

Conceptualization

Data Curation

Methodology

Supervision

Writing - review and editing

Universidade de Fortaleza, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Administração, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3078-3179

Macário Neri Ferreira Neto

Formal analysis

Investigation

Methodology

Validation

Visualization

Writing - review and editing

Universidade de Fortaleza, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Administração, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9697-4066

*Corresponding author

CONFLICTS OF INTEREST

The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare.

Ad hoc Associate Editor: Silvio Popadiuk

The reviewers did not authorize disclosure of their identity and peer review report.

Constructs	References
Entrepreneurial Intention	Bird (1988)Bird, B. (1988). Implementing entrepreneurial ideas: The case for intention. Academy of Management Review, 13(3), 442-453. https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.1988.4306970 https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.1988.4306970... ; Koe (2016)Koe, W.-L. (2016). The relationship between Individual Entrepreneurial Orientation (IEO) and entrepreneurial intention. Journal of Global Entrepreneurship Research, 6(1), 1-11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40497-016-0057-8 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40497-016-005... ; Smith et al. (2016)Smith, R. M., Sardeshmukh, S. R., & Combs, G. M. (2016). Understanding gender, creativity, and entrepreneurial intentions. Education + Training, 58(3), 263-282. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/et-06-2015-0044 http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/et-06-2015-004... ; Thompson (2009)Thompson, E. R. (2009). Individual entrepreneurial intent: Construct clarification and development of an internationally reliable metric. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 33(3), 669-694. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6520.2009.00321.x http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6520.20... ; Liñán (2004)Liñán, F. (2004). Intention-based models of entrepreneurship education. Piccolla Impresa/Small Business, 3(1), 11-35. https://abrir.link/0eRxl https://abrir.link/0eRxl... ; Hisrich et al. (2017)Hisrich, R. D., Peters, M. P., & Shepherd, D. A. (2017). Entrepreneurship (10a ed.). McGraw-Hill Education.
Entrepreneurial Education	Oguntimehin & Oyejoke (2018); Graevenitz et al. (2010)Graevenitz, G. Von, Harhoff, D., & Weber, R. (2010). The effects of entrepreneurship education. Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 76(1), 90-112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jebo.2010.02.015 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jebo.2010.02... ; Santos et al. (2010)Santos, S. C., Caetano, A., & Curral, L. (2010). Atitude dos estudantes universitários face ao empreendedorismo: Como identificar o potencial empreendedor? Revista de Gestão dos Países de Língua Portuguesa, 9(4), 2-14, http://hdl.handle.net/10451/11007 http://hdl.handle.net/10451/11007... ; Souza et al. (2018)Souza, R. dos S., Silveira, A., & Nascimento, S. do. (2018). Ampliando a mensuração da intenção empreendedora. Revista de Administração Faces Journal, 17(2), 74-93. http://dx.doi.org/10.21714/1984-6975faces2018v17n2art5319 http://dx.doi.org/10.21714/1984-6975face... ; Ajzen (1991)Ajzen, I. (1991). The theory of planned behavior. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 50(2), 179-211. https://doi.org/10.1016/0749-5978(91)90020-T https://doi.org/10.1016/0749-5978(91)900... ; Krueger et al. (2000)Krueger, N. F., Reilly, M. D., & Carsrud, A. L. (2000). Competing models of entrepreneurial intentions. Journal of Business Venturing, 15(5-6), 411-432. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0883-9026(98)00033-0 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0883-9026(98)... ; Puni et al. (2018)Puni, A., Anlesinya, A., & Korsorku, P. D. A. (2018). Entrepreneurial education, self-efficacy and intentions in Sub-Saharan Africa. African Journal of Economic and Management Studies, 9(4), 492-511. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ajems-09-2017-0211 http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ajems-09-2017-... ; Bae et al. (2014)Bae, T. J., Qian, S., Miao, C., & Fiet, J. O. (2014). The relationship between entrepreneurship education and entrepreneurial intentions: A meta-analytic review. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 38(2), 217-254. https://doi.org/10.1111/etap.12095 https://doi.org/10.1111/etap.12095... ; Iwu et al. (2021)Iwu, C. G., Opute, P. A., Nchu, R., Eresia-Eke, C., Tengeh, R. K., Jaiyeoba, O., & Aliyu, O. A. (2021). Entrepreneurship education, curriculum and lecturer-competency as antecedents of student entrepreneurial intention. The International Journal of Management Education, 19(1), 100295. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijme.2019.03.007 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijme.2019.03.0... ; Li & Wu (2019)Li, & Wu, D. (2019). Entrepreneurial education and students’ entrepreneurial intention: Does team cooperation matter? Journal of Global Entrepreneurship Research, 9(1), 35. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40497-019-0157-3 https://doi.org/10.1186/s40497-019-0157-... ; Wu et al. (2022)Wu, L., Jiang, S., Wang, X., Yu, L., Wang, Y., & Pan, H. (2022). Entrepreneurship education and entrepreneurial intentions of college students: The mediating role of entrepreneurial self-efficacy and the moderating role of entrepreneurial competition experience. Frontiers in Psychology, 12, 727826. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.727826 https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.72782... ; Nabi et al. (2018)Nabi, G., Walmsley, A., Liñán, F., Akhtar, I., & Neame, C. (2018). Does entrepreneurship education in the first year of higher education develop entrepreneurial intentions? The role of learning and inspiration. Studies in Higher Education, 43(3), 452-467. https://doi.org/10.1080/03075079.2016.1177716 https://doi.org/10.1080/03075079.2016.11...
Entrepreneurial Creativity	Chua & Bedford (2015); Shi et al. (2020)Shi, Y., Yuan, T., Bell, R., & Wang, J. (2020). Investigating the relationship between creativity and entrepreneurial intention: The moderating role of creativity in the theory of planned behavior. Frontiers in Psychology. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01209 https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01209... ; Amabile (1996Amabile, T. M. (1996). Creativity and innovation in organizations. Background Note, Faculty & Research, Harvard Business School. https://www.hbs.edu/faculty/Pages/item.aspx?num=13672 https://www.hbs.edu/faculty/Pages/item.a... , 1997Amabile, T. M. (1997). Entrepreneurial creativity through motivational synergy. The Journal of Creative Behavior, 31(1), 18-26. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.2162-6057.1997.tb00778.x https://doi.org/10.1002/j.2162-6057.1997... ), Kusmintarti et al. (2017)Kusmintarti, A., Asdani, A., & Riwajanti, N. I. (2017). The relationship between creativity, entrepreneurial attitude and entrepreneurial intention (case study on the students of State Polytechnic Malang). International Journal of Trade and Global Markets, 10(1), 28-36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijtgm.2017.082379 http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijtgm.2017.082... ; Biraglia & Kadile (2017); Smith et al. (2016)Smith, R. M., Sardeshmukh, S. R., & Combs, G. M. (2016). Understanding gender, creativity, and entrepreneurial intentions. Education + Training, 58(3), 263-282. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/et-06-2015-0044 http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/et-06-2015-004... ; Anjum et al. (2018)Anjum, T., Ramzani, S. R., Farrukh, M., Raju, V., Nazar, N., & Shahzad, I. A. (2018). Entrepreneurial intentions of pakistani students: The role of entrepreneurial education, creativity disposition, invention passion & passion for founding. Journal of Management Research, 10(3), 76. https://doi.org/10.5296/jmr.v10i3.13253 https://doi.org/10.5296/jmr.v10i3.13253... ; Kumar & Shukla (2019); Ferreira et al. (2023)Ferreira, M. N., Neto, Castro, J. L. De C., Sousa-Filho, J. M. De, & Lessa, B. De S. (2023). The role of self-efficacy, entrepreneurial passion, and creativity in developing entrepreneurial intentions. Frontiers in Psychology, 14, 1134618. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1134618 https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2023.11346...
Perceived Behavior Control	Tang (2008)Tang, J. (2008). Environmental munificence for entrepreneurs: Entrepreneurial alertness and commitment. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research, 14(3), 128-151. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/13552550810874664 http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/13552550810874... ; Ndofirepi et al. (2018)Ndofirepi, T. M., Rambe, P., & Dzansi, D. Y. (2018). The relationship among technological creativity, self-efficacy and entrepreneurial intentions of selected South African university of technology students. Acta Commercii, 18(1), 1-14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/ac.v18i1.544 http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/ac.v18i1.544... ; Shahab et al. (2019)Shahab, Y., Chengang, Y., Arbizu, A. D., & Haider, M. J. (2019). Entrepreneurial self-efficacy and intention: Do entrepreneurial creativity and education matter? International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research, 25(2), 259-280. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijebr-12-2017-0522 http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijebr-12-2017-... ; Kumar & Shukla (2019); Saboor et al. (2020)Saboor, M. J., Yousaf, I., & Paracha, A. (2020). Entrepreneurial passion and intention: Creativity and perceived behavioral control as mediators. Journal of Managerial Sciences, 14(2), 10-19. https://encurtador.com.br/rJMN6 https://encurtador.com.br/rJMN6...
Entrepreneurial Passion	Cardon et al. (2009)Cardon, M., Sudek, R., & Mitteness, C. (2009). The impact of perceived entrepreneurial passion on angel investing. Frontiers of Entrepreneurship Research, 29(1), 1-15. https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/document?repid=rep1&type=pdf&doi=51a0c6df544c47755d78ce2049715d2e375d4e25 https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/document?r... ; Cardon et al. (2013)Cardon, M. S., Gregoire, D. A., Stevens, C. E., & Patel, P. C. (2013). Measuring entrepreneurial passion: Conceptual foundations and scale validation. Journal of Business Venturing, 28(3), 373-396. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusvent.2012.03.003 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusvent.2012.... ; Liu et al. (2011)Liu, D., Chen, X.-P., & Yao, X. (2011). From autonomy to creativity: A multilevel investigation of the mediating role of harmonious passion. Journal of Applied Psychology, 96(2), 294-309. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0021294 http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0021294... ; Biraglia & Kadile, (2017); Arshad et al. (2018)Arshad, M., Farooq, O., & Afzal, S. (2018). The role of entrepreneurship education in developing a passion for business. Global Business and Organizational Excellence, 38(1), 15-21. https://doi.org/10.1002/joe.21896 https://doi.org/10.1002/joe.21896... ; Neneh (2022)Neneh, B. N. (2022). Entrepreneurial passion and entrepreneurial intention: The role of social support and entrepreneurial self-efficacy. Studies in Higher Education, 1-17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03075079.2020.1770716 http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03075079.2020....

	Description	N	F(%)
Sex	Male Female	151 100	60.2 39.8
Marital status	Single Married/Stable union Separated/Divorced	228 19 4	90.8 7.6 1.6
Race/Color	White Mixed-race Black Asian	156 74 14 7	62.2 29.5 5.6 2.8
Occupation	Without paid work Private company employee Business owner Scholarship/Intern Self-employed Public service employee	89 49 49 39 24 1	35.5 19.5 19.5 15.5 9.6 0.4
Age	Until 20 years From 21 to 25 years From 26 to 30 years From 31 to 35 years More than 35 years	100 94 36 11 10	39.8 37.5 14.3 4.4 4.0

Construct	Factor Loading	CR	AEV	VIF
Perceived Behavior Control		0.918	0.652
Starting a company and keeping it running would be easy for me.	0.783			2.00
I am prepared to open a viable company.	0.859			2.88
I can control the process of creating a new company.	0.851			2.76
I know the practical details required to start a company.	0.783			2.12
I know how to develop an entrepreneurial project.	0.806			2.38
If I tried to start a company, it would have a high probability of success.	0.757			1.69
Entrepreneurial Creativity		0.914	0.573
I am a very creative person.	0.708			1.93
I set aside a few minutes each day or week to be creative.	0.706			1.78
I have a lot of ideas.	0.820			2.54
I look for new solutions even when they are not necessary.	0.744			1.92
My ideas are often very original.	0.791			2.13
I'm sensitive to seeing problems that others do not see.	0.797			2.12
New solutions also come to mind when they are not especially necessary.	0.783			2.38
It is easy for me to find proposals for improvement.	0.695			1.58
Entrepreneurial Education		0.921	0.796	1.87
My education at university encourages me to develop creative ideas to be an entrepreneur.	0.908			3.57
My university offers the necessary knowledge about entrepreneurship.	0.865
My university develops my entrepreneurial skills and abilities.	0.903			3.59
Entrepreneurial Intention		0.957	0.787
I am ready to do anything to be an entrepreneur.	0.808			2.18
My professional goal is to become an entrepreneur.	0.876			3.43
I will make every effort to start and run my own company.	0.939			6.35
I am determined to create a company in the future.	0.944			7.16
I have thought very seriously about starting a company.	0.879			3.25
I firmly intend to start a company one day.	0.869			3.62
Entrepreneurial Passion		0.932	0.734
It's exciting to find new ways to solve unmet market needs that can be commercialized.	0.810			2.21
Looking for new ideas for products/services to offer is enjoyable for me.	0.876			2.90
I am motivated to discover ways to improve existing products/services.	0.867			2.71
Probing new opportunities in the market is exciting for me.	0.895			3.10
Creating new solutions to problems is an important part of who I am.	0.832			2.29

Construct	PBC	EC	EE	EI	EP
Perceived Behavioral Control (PBC)	0.807
Entrepreneurial Creativity (EC)	0.488	0.757
Entrepreneurial Education (EE)	0.111	0.282	0.892
Entrepreneurial Intention (EI)	0.581	0.455	0.276	0.887
Entrepreneurial Passion (EP)	0.448	0.502	0.249	0.559	0.857

Construct	R²	Adjusted R²	Q²
PBC	0.288	0.288	0.187
EI	0.472	0.463	0.364

Relation	Hypothesis	Coefficient	Standard deviation	P value	f²	Validity
EE -> EI	H1a	0.135	0.047	0.004	0.031	YES
EE -> PBC -> EI	H1b	-0.024	0.026	0.350		NO
EC -> EI	H2a	0.062	0.053	0.203	0.006	NO
EC -> PBC -> EI	H2b	0.143	0.026	0.000		YES
EP -> EI	H3a	0.316	0.068	0.000	0.128	YES
EP -> PBC -> EI	H3b	0.110	0.032	0.001		YES

[1] *Corresponding author

Brasil

Brasil

PASSION, EDUCATION, AND CREATIVITY AND THEIR EFFECTS ON ENTREPRENEURIAL INTENTION

ABSTRACT