Vantagem competitiva: o construto e a métrica

Competitive advantage: the construct and a metric

ESTRATÉGIA

Vantagem competitiva: o construto e a métrica

Competitive advantage: the construct and a metric

Flávio Carvalho de Vasconcelos; Luiz Artur Ledur Brito

FGV-EAESP

RESUMO

Apesar de quase onipresente nos trabalhos de estratégia e áreas correlatas, o conceito de vantagem competitiva continua sendo foco de debate na academia por não possuir uma definição aceita por consenso. Uma manifestação disso é a recente discussão quanto aos seus fundamentos lógicos e filosóficos, e o questionamento de sua própria existência. O presente trabalho oferece uma proposta de definição constitutiva e operacional de vantagem competitiva que possibilita o desenvolvimento de uma métrica. Essa métrica é aplicada em um trabalho empírico que mede a vantagem competitiva de 2.805 empresas em 16 países, com um total de 13.259 observações. O trabalho demonstra que a existência da vantagem competitiva não é um fato raro, e que cerca de 10% a 12% das empresas analisadas apresentam uma vantagem competitiva estatisticamente significativa, enquanto que uma porcentagem similar apresenta uma desvantagem competitiva igualmente significativa.

Palavras-chave: Vantagem competitiva, estratégia, competição, recursos, NAFTA, Europa.

ABSTRACT

Despite ubiquitous in strategy and related fields, the concept of competitive advantage continues to be under debate in the academy still lacking a precise and widely accepted definition. A manifestation of this situation is the current debate about its philosophical grounds, and the questioning of its own existence. This paper offers a constitutive definition that allows an operationalization of the concept and the development of metric for the competitive advantage. This metric is applied to a sample of 2,805 firms in 16 countries, with a total of 13,259 observations. The analysis indicates the occurrence of competitive advantage in 10% to 12% of the firms with a similar percentage showing a competitive disadvantage. It demonstrates that the occurrence of competitive advantage is not a rare event. A statistical test is proposed to verify its statistical significance.

Key words: Strategy, competitive advantage, resources, competition, NAFTA, Europe.

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Full text available only in PDF format.

Artigo recebido em 29.07.2003.

Aprovado em 04.03.2004.

Flávio Carvalho de Vasconcelos

Professor do Departamento de Administração Geral e Recursos Humanos da FGV-EAESP. Doutor em Administração de Empresas pela HEC-Ecole des Hautes Etudes Commerciales, Paris. Interesses de pesquisa em estratégia e organizações. E-mail: [e-mail] Endereço: Av. Nove de Julho, 2029, 9º andar, Bela Vista – São Paulo – SP, 01313-902.

Luiz Artur Ledur Brito

Professor do Departamento de Produção e Operações Industriais da FGV-EAESP. Doutorando em Administração de Empresas pela FGV-EAESP. Interesses de pesquisa em estratégia e operações. E-mail: [e-mail] Endereço: Av. Nove de Julho, 2029, 10º andar, Bela Vista – São Paulo – SP, 01313-902.ávio Carvalho de Vasconcelos

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Datas de Publicação

• Publicação nesta coleção
  09 Fev 2011
• Data do Fascículo
  Jun 2004

Histórico

• Aceito
  04 Mar 2004
• Recebido
  29 Jul 2003