Challenges of impact measurement in social innovation: Barriers and interventions to overcome

Cunha, Jorge; Alves, Wellington; Araújo, Madalena

doi:10.1590/1678-6971/eRAMD220077.en

Jorge Cunha Correspondence concerning this article should be addressed to Jorge Cunha, Avenida da Universidade, campus de Azurém, Guimarães, Portugal, ZIP code 4800-058. Email: jscunha@dps.uminho.pt

ALGORITMI Research Center, University of Minho, Guimarães, Portugal

Authors notes Jorge Cunha is now an associate professor at the Engineering School of University of Minho; Wellington Alves is now an adjunct professor at the Higher School of Technology and Management of Polytechnic Institute of Porto; Madalena Araújo is now a full professor at the Engineering School of University of Minho.

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6267-708X

Wellington Alves

Polytechnic Institute of Porto, Felgueiras, Portugal

Authors notes Jorge Cunha is now an associate professor at the Engineering School of University of Minho; Wellington Alves is now an adjunct professor at the Higher School of Technology and Management of Polytechnic Institute of Porto; Madalena Araújo is now a full professor at the Engineering School of University of Minho.

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7227-5930

Madalena Araújo

ALGORITMI Research Center, University of Minho, Guimarães, Portugal

Authors notes Jorge Cunha is now an associate professor at the Engineering School of University of Minho; Wellington Alves is now an adjunct professor at the Higher School of Technology and Management of Polytechnic Institute of Porto; Madalena Araújo is now a full professor at the Engineering School of University of Minho.

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3515-0135

Correspondence concerning this article should be addressed to Jorge Cunha, Avenida da Universidade, campus de Azurém, Guimarães, Portugal, ZIP code 4800-058. Email: jscunha@dps.uminho.pt

Authors notes

Jorge Cunha is now an associate professor at the Engineering School of University of Minho; Wellington Alves is now an adjunct professor at the Higher School of Technology and Management of Polytechnic Institute of Porto; Madalena Araújo is now a full professor at the Engineering School of University of Minho.

Steps	Measurement process	Analyzing benefits
Set the objectives	It involves the definition of the main subject to be analyzed. It may consider a specific project, society, or enterprise.	Inputs	List the resources, costs, and investments incurred in the process.
Set stakeholders	The analysis must consider comparing the ex-ante and the ex-post situations. In this case, there is a need to identify the change produced, and it is necessary to map the main stakeholders.	Activities	Point out interventions that will be carried out to improve people´s lives.
Set the appropriate metrics	Understand the context of the application, analyze the possibility of getting data, and link the context undertaken and the possible impact created. It can consider quantitative and qualitative metrics.	Outputs	List the expected results of the activity provided.
Measure	Evaluate the outcomes obtained through the selected metrics.	Outcomes	Represent the possible changes achieved for the beneficiaries.
Report the results	Communicate the results to external and internal stakeholders, and compare the change obtained.	Impacts	Put in evidence the outcomes of the change that would have happened regardless of the social value.

Acronym	Definition
PS	Public support
FS	Financial support
DSI	Definition of SI
SM	Selection of metrics to measure SI
SC	Selection of criteria to select indicators
AMSI	Assessment and measurement of social impact
BE	Beneficiaries’ engagement
AIFSI	Awareness in the field of social impact

Acronomyn	Definition
CDSI	Clear definition of SI
FPS	Fostering public support for SI
IDMSI	Increase the development of metrics for SI
PBESSI	Promotion of a better engagement between researchers, public/private organizations, and practitioners working in the field of SI
DPBSI	Dissemination of the potential benefits of SI initiatives for beneficiaries

Streamline for barriers to measuring the social impact of SI
Category for interventions	Barriers faced to measuring the social impact of social innovation (track)	Interventions to overcome (spot)	Potential benefit (ACT)	Pessons learned from
Public support (PS)	Lack of public support	Foster social innovation between public agencies (FPS)	Empowering democratizing, raising awareness	Inobasque (Unceta et al., 2016Unceta, A., Castro-Spila, J., & García Fronti, J. (2016). Social innovation indicators. Innovation, 29(2), 192–204. https://doi.org/10.1080/13511610.2015.1127137 https://doi.org/10.1080/13511610.2015.11... ) (Dainienė & Dagilienė, 2015Dainienė, R., & Dagilienė, L. (2015). A TBL Approach Based Theoretical Framework for Measuring Social Innovations. Procedia: Social and Behavioral Sciences, 213, 275–280. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.11.537 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.11... )
	Lack of social innovation public policies	Social policy experimentation (DPBSI)	Support a systematical evaluation of the social impact of SI on social ventures	Inobasque (Unceta et al., 2016Unceta, A., Castro-Spila, J., & García Fronti, J. (2016). Social innovation indicators. Innovation, 29(2), 192–204. https://doi.org/10.1080/13511610.2015.1127137 https://doi.org/10.1080/13511610.2015.11... ) (Dainienė & Dagilienė, 2015Dainienė, R., & Dagilienė, L. (2015). A TBL Approach Based Theoretical Framework for Measuring Social Innovations. Procedia: Social and Behavioral Sciences, 213, 275–280. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.11.537 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.11... )
	Lack of evaluation and investment in previous policies	Support of progressive foundations (FPS)	Assessment and measurement of impact	Tepsie / European Barcamp (Dainienė & Dagilienė, 2015Dainienė, R., & Dagilienė, L. (2015). A TBL Approach Based Theoretical Framework for Measuring Social Innovations. Procedia: Social and Behavioral Sciences, 213, 275–280. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.11.537 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.11... ) (Mendes et al., 2012Mendes, A., Batista, A., & Fernandes, L. (2012). Barriers to Social Innovation. A deliverable of the project: “The theoretical, empirical and policy foundations for building social innovation in Europe.Tepsie.)
	Lack of interest from public organizations to measure the social impact of SI	Further discussion between stakeholders in the field of SI (PBESSI)	Funding growth and diffusion of innovation	Tepsie / European Barcamp / Nesta (Dainienė & Dagilienė, 2015Dainienė, R., & Dagilienė, L. (2015). A TBL Approach Based Theoretical Framework for Measuring Social Innovations. Procedia: Social and Behavioral Sciences, 213, 275–280. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.11.537 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.11... ) (Innovation Mapping Team – Nesta, 2019Innovation Mapping Team (Nesta) (2019). Innovation mapping now [Issue March].) (Mendes et al., 2012Mendes, A., Batista, A., & Fernandes, L. (2012). Barriers to Social Innovation. A deliverable of the project: “The theoretical, empirical and policy foundations for building social innovation in Europe.Tepsie.)

Streamline for barriers to measuring the social impact of SI
Category for interventions	Barriers faced to measuring the social impact of social innovation (track)	Interventions to overcome (spot)	Potential benefit (ACT)	Pessons learned from
Assessment and measurement of social impact (AMSI)	Difficulties in reaching regional exchange	Special economic zone for social innovation (FPS)	Gaining systematic insight into social enterprises	Inobasque (Unceta et al., 2016Unceta, A., Castro-Spila, J., & García Fronti, J. (2016). Social innovation indicators. Innovation, 29(2), 192–204. https://doi.org/10.1080/13511610.2015.1127137 https://doi.org/10.1080/13511610.2015.11... ) (Dainienė & Dagilienė, 2015Dainienė, R., & Dagilienė, L. (2015). A TBL Approach Based Theoretical Framework for Measuring Social Innovations. Procedia: Social and Behavioral Sciences, 213, 275–280. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.11.537 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.11... )
	Lack of an appropriate level of analysis for measuring the social impact of SI	A better discussion of the assessment level (meso/macro) (IDMSI)	Dissemination of social innovation indicators at the organizational level	Resindex (Sinnergiak, 2013Sinnergiak (2013). Resindex: A regional index to measure social innovation. http://www.simpact-project.eu/publications/indicators/2014_RESINDEX_eng.pdf http://www.simpact-project.eu/publicatio... ) (Unceta et al., 2016Unceta, A., Castro-Spila, J., & García Fronti, J. (2016). Social innovation indicators. Innovation, 29(2), 192–204. https://doi.org/10.1080/13511610.2015.1127137 https://doi.org/10.1080/13511610.2015.11... )
	Lack of experiences and motivations in measuring the social impact of SI	To express an integrated vision of social innovation (DPBSI)	Making a clear statement on the importance of social innovation and putting it on the agenda	Sinnergiak (Sinnergiak, 2013Sinnergiak (2013). Resindex: A regional index to measure social innovation. http://www.simpact-project.eu/publications/indicators/2014_RESINDEX_eng.pdf http://www.simpact-project.eu/publicatio... )
	Difficulties in differentiating the potentiality and realization of social innovations	Identification of indicators that can measure the consequences for the development of indicators and also for the design of public incentives for social innovation (IDMSI)	Exploring different capacities such as 1. knowledge capacities, 2. learning capacities	Resindex (Sinnergiak, 2013Sinnergiak (2013). Resindex: A regional index to measure social innovation. http://www.simpact-project.eu/publications/indicators/2014_RESINDEX_eng.pdf http://www.simpact-project.eu/publicatio... ) (Unceta et al., 2016Unceta, A., Castro-Spila, J., & García Fronti, J. (2016). Social innovation indicators. Innovation, 29(2), 192–204. https://doi.org/10.1080/13511610.2015.1127137 https://doi.org/10.1080/13511610.2015.11... )
	Difficulties in quantifying the impact of social innovation	Identification of macro indicators which can result from surveys and gathering of information that do refer to social innovation (IDMSI)	Provide an approach to the conditions of context in which social innovations occur	Tepsie (Mendes et al., 2012Mendes, A., Batista, A., & Fernandes, L. (2012). Barriers to Social Innovation. A deliverable of the project: “The theoretical, empirical and policy foundations for building social innovation in Europe.Tepsie.)
	Risk or uncertainty presented during the social innovation process	A common approach to defining steps to build a framework to measure the social impact of SI (IDMSI)	Reduce failure in the innovation process	Tepsie (Mendes et al., 2012Mendes, A., Batista, A., & Fernandes, L. (2012). Barriers to Social Innovation. A deliverable of the project: “The theoretical, empirical and policy foundations for building social innovation in Europe.Tepsie.)
	Complexity and resilience of social systems	Cooperation across multi-stakeholder environments to tackle those problems (PBESSI)	Reduce the complexity of the social challenges addressed	Tepsie (Mendes et al., 2012Mendes, A., Batista, A., & Fernandes, L. (2012). Barriers to Social Innovation. A deliverable of the project: “The theoretical, empirical and policy foundations for building social innovation in Europe.Tepsie.)
	Difficulties in measuring outcomes of SI	Predefine which outcomes should be achieved (IDMSI)	Reduce failure in the innovation process	Simpact / European Barcamp (Innovation Mapping Team – Nesta, 2019Innovation Mapping Team (Nesta) (2019). Innovation mapping now [Issue March].) (Simpact, 2014Simpact (2014). Social Innovation Evaluation Toolbox. Washington University Law Review, 92(1), 1–71. https://doi.org/10.2796/27492 https://doi.org/10.2796/27492... )
	Determinization of the causation	To relate the outcomes to the inputs (IDMSI)	Assessment and measurement of impact	Simpact / Eurpean Barcamp (Mendes et al., 2012Mendes, A., Batista, A., & Fernandes, L. (2012). Barriers to Social Innovation. A deliverable of the project: “The theoretical, empirical and policy foundations for building social innovation in Europe.Tepsie.) (Simpact, 2014Simpact (2014). Social Innovation Evaluation Toolbox. Washington University Law Review, 92(1), 1–71. https://doi.org/10.2796/27492 https://doi.org/10.2796/27492... )
	To calculate the impact of SI	The impact assessment should be accompanied by a set of tests to check the results counterfactual nature. For each of the impacts, the degree of uncertainty (likelihood) should be estimated (IDMSI)	Assessment and measurement of impact	Simpact /Tepsie / Euopean Barcamp (Dainienė & Dagilienė, 2015Dainienė, R., & Dagilienė, L. (2015). A TBL Approach Based Theoretical Framework for Measuring Social Innovations. Procedia: Social and Behavioral Sciences, 213, 275–280. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.11.537 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.11... ) (Mendes et al., 2012Mendes, A., Batista, A., & Fernandes, L. (2012). Barriers to Social Innovation. A deliverable of the project: “The theoretical, empirical and policy foundations for building social innovation in Europe.Tepsie.) (Simpact, 2014Simpact (2014). Social Innovation Evaluation Toolbox. Washington University Law Review, 92(1), 1–71. https://doi.org/10.2796/27492 https://doi.org/10.2796/27492... )
	Difficulties in defining the decision process	The impact assessment should be presented and discussed with the stakeholders (PBESSI)	Raising awareness in the field of social impact	Simpact/Tepsie/SINNERGIAK (Sinnergiak, 2013Sinnergiak (2013). Resindex: A regional index to measure social innovation. http://www.simpact-project.eu/publications/indicators/2014_RESINDEX_eng.pdf http://www.simpact-project.eu/publicatio... ) (Mendes et al., 2012Mendes, A., Batista, A., & Fernandes, L. (2012). Barriers to Social Innovation. A deliverable of the project: “The theoretical, empirical and policy foundations for building social innovation in Europe.Tepsie.) (Simpact, 2014Simpact (2014). Social Innovation Evaluation Toolbox. Washington University Law Review, 92(1), 1–71. https://doi.org/10.2796/27492 https://doi.org/10.2796/27492... )

Streamline for barriers to measuring the social impact of SI
Category for interventions	Arriers faced to measuring the social impact of social innovation (track)	Interventions to overcome (spot)	Potential benefit (ACT)	Lessons learned from
Beneficiaries engagement (BE)	Definition of the type of organization (profit or non-profit) to measure the social impact	Define and refine the goal of the evaluation (CDSI)	Effective measurement	Resindex (Sinnergiak, 2013Sinnergiak (2013). Resindex: A regional index to measure social innovation. http://www.simpact-project.eu/publications/indicators/2014_RESINDEX_eng.pdf http://www.simpact-project.eu/publicatio... ) (Unceta et al., 2016Unceta, A., Castro-Spila, J., & García Fronti, J. (2016). Social innovation indicators. Innovation, 29(2), 192–204. https://doi.org/10.1080/13511610.2015.1127137 https://doi.org/10.1080/13511610.2015.11... )
	Lack of engagement between beneficiaries	Projects to involve beneficiaries of SI (DPBSI)	Beneficiaries engagement	Tepsie (Mendes et al., 2012Mendes, A., Batista, A., & Fernandes, L. (2012). Barriers to Social Innovation. A deliverable of the project: “The theoretical, empirical and policy foundations for building social innovation in Europe.Tepsie.)
	Lack of definition for the boundaries and players of social innovation	A common framework to define important sectors and players (PBESSI)	Raising awareness in the field of social impact	Tepsie / Nesta (Innovation Mapping Team – Nesta, 2019Innovation Mapping Team (Nesta) (2019). Innovation mapping now [Issue March].) (Mendes et al., 2012Mendes, A., Batista, A., & Fernandes, L. (2012). Barriers to Social Innovation. A deliverable of the project: “The theoretical, empirical and policy foundations for building social innovation in Europe.Tepsie.)
	Lack of awareness about the social impact delivered by social innovation	Development of workshops and seminars bringing together stakeholders (DPBSI)	Raising awareness in the field of social impact	Tepsie / European Barcamp (Dainienė & Dagilienė, 2015Dainienė, R., & Dagilienė, L. (2015). A TBL Approach Based Theoretical Framework for Measuring Social Innovations. Procedia: Social and Behavioral Sciences, 213, 275–280. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.11.537 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.11... ) (Mendes et al., 2012Mendes, A., Batista, A., & Fernandes, L. (2012). Barriers to Social Innovation. A deliverable of the project: “The theoretical, empirical and policy foundations for building social innovation in Europe.Tepsie.)
	To determine the role of stakeholders	Clear definition of who will play a role in the assessment process, when, and how (DPBSI)	Reduce the complexity of the social challenges addressed	Simpact /Tepsie (Mendes et al., 2012Mendes, A., Batista, A., & Fernandes, L. (2012). Barriers to Social Innovation. A deliverable of the project: “The theoretical, empirical and policy foundations for building social innovation in Europe.Tepsie.) (Simpact, 2014Simpact (2014). Social Innovation Evaluation Toolbox. Washington University Law Review, 92(1), 1–71. https://doi.org/10.2796/27492 https://doi.org/10.2796/27492... )
	Lack of collaboration and networks	Take into account the systemic and collaborative emphasized generation of innovation measurement by including “Firms with national/international collaboration on innovation” (DPBSI)	Assessment and measurement of impact	Blueprint / Tepsie (Mendes et al., 2012Mendes, A., Batista, A., & Fernandes, L. (2012). Barriers to Social Innovation. A deliverable of the project: “The theoretical, empirical and policy foundations for building social innovation in Europe.Tepsie.) (Bund et al., 2013Bund, E., Hubrich, D.-K., Schmitz, B., Mildenberger, G., & Krlev, G. (2013). Blueprint of social innovation metrics – contributions to an understanding of opportunities and challenges of social innovation measurement. In Tepsie [Issue September 2015. http://www.tepsie.eu/images/documents/D2.4_final.pdf http://www.tepsie.eu/images/documents/D2... )

Streamline for barriers to measuring the social impact of SI
Category for interventions	Barriers faced to measuring the social impact of social innovation (track)	Interventions to overcome (spot)	Potential benefit (ACT)	Lessons learned from
Selection of metrics to measure SI (SM)	Lack of agreement on specific configuration rules to select indicators	To define the characteristics and degree of generalization of a social problem (IDMSI)	Reduction of conflicting agencies, contexts, and opportunities in the field of SI	Inobasque (Sinnergiak, 2013Sinnergiak (2013). Resindex: A regional index to measure social innovation. http://www.simpact-project.eu/publications/indicators/2014_RESINDEX_eng.pdf http://www.simpact-project.eu/publicatio... ) (Unceta et al., 2016Unceta, A., Castro-Spila, J., & García Fronti, J. (2016). Social innovation indicators. Innovation, 29(2), 192–204. https://doi.org/10.1080/13511610.2015.1127137 https://doi.org/10.1080/13511610.2015.11... )
	Lack of agreement about the potential capacity of indicators to me asure the social impact of SI	To define the knowledge, learning, and development capacity of the indicator (IDMSI)	Absorptive capacity and social innovation at the organizational level	Resindex (Sinnergiak, 2013Sinnergiak (2013). Resindex: A regional index to measure social innovation. http://www.simpact-project.eu/publications/indicators/2014_RESINDEX_eng.pdf http://www.simpact-project.eu/publicatio... ) (Unceta et al., 2016Unceta, A., Castro-Spila, J., & García Fronti, J. (2016). Social innovation indicators. Innovation, 29(2), 192–204. https://doi.org/10.1080/13511610.2015.1127137 https://doi.org/10.1080/13511610.2015.11... )
	Lack of approaches based on macro and comparable indicators	Identification of macro indicators which can be resulted from surveys and gathering of information that do refer to social innovation (IDMSI)	Provide an approach to the conditions of context in which social innovations occur	Sinnergiak (Sinnergiak, 2013Sinnergiak (2013). Resindex: A regional index to measure social innovation. http://www.simpact-project.eu/publications/indicators/2014_RESINDEX_eng.pdf http://www.simpact-project.eu/publicatio... )
	Lack of data sources	Building up social organization surveys and indicators (IDMSI)	Knowledge exchange and network data from open and web data	Nesta (Innovation Mapping Team – Nesta, 2019Innovation Mapping Team (Nesta) (2019). Innovation mapping now [Issue March].)
	Lack of data	Lack of a clear definition of the concept of social innovation before selecting measures (IDMSI)	Provide an approach to the conditions of context in which social innovations occur	Tepsie (Mendes et al., 2012Mendes, A., Batista, A., & Fernandes, L. (2012). Barriers to Social Innovation. A deliverable of the project: “The theoretical, empirical and policy foundations for building social innovation in Europe.Tepsie.)
	Lack of networks	Further discussion between stakeholders in those fields (DPBSI)	Knowledge exchange and network data from open and web data	Tepsie / European Barcamp / Nesta (Dainienė & Dagilienė, 2015Dainienė, R., & Dagilienė, L. (2015). A TBL Approach Based Theoretical Framework for Measuring Social Innovations. Procedia: Social and Behavioral Sciences, 213, 275–280. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.11.537 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.11... ) (Innovation Mapping Team – Nesta, 2019Innovation Mapping Team (Nesta) (2019). Innovation mapping now [Issue March].) (Mendes et al., 2012Mendes, A., Batista, A., & Fernandes, L. (2012). Barriers to Social Innovation. A deliverable of the project: “The theoretical, empirical and policy foundations for building social innovation in Europe.Tepsie.)
	Lack of basic assumptions from existing innovation metrics	To relate the outcomes to the inputs (IDMSI)	Assessment and measurement of impact	Blueprint / Simpact / Tepsie (Dainienė & Dagilienė, 2015Dainienė, R., & Dagilienė, L. (2015). A TBL Approach Based Theoretical Framework for Measuring Social Innovations. Procedia: Social and Behavioral Sciences, 213, 275–280. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.11.537 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.11... ) (Mendes et al., 2012Mendes, A., Batista, A., & Fernandes, L. (2012). Barriers to Social Innovation. A deliverable of the project: “The theoretical, empirical and policy foundations for building social innovation in Europe.Tepsie.) (Bund et al., 2013Bund, E., Hubrich, D.-K., Schmitz, B., Mildenberger, G., & Krlev, G. (2013). Blueprint of social innovation metrics – contributions to an understanding of opportunities and challenges of social innovation measurement. In Tepsie [Issue September 2015. http://www.tepsie.eu/images/documents/D2.4_final.pdf http://www.tepsie.eu/images/documents/D2... )

Streamline for barriers to measuring the social impact of SI
Category for interventions	Barriers faced to measuring the social impact of social innovation (track)	Interventions to overcome (spot)	Potential benefit (ACT)	Lessons learned from
Selection of criteria to select indicators (SC)	Lack of strategies to select the indicator to measure empowerment and local inclusion	Active involvement of the community (local and across-sectors) (IDMSI)	Social inclusion	European Barcamp (Dainienė & Dagilienė, 2015Dainienė, R., & Dagilienė, L. (2015). A TBL Approach Based Theoretical Framework for Measuring Social Innovations. Procedia: Social and Behavioral Sciences, 213, 275–280. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.11.537 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.11... )

Streamline for barriers to measuring the social impact of SI
Category for interventions	Barriers faced to measuring the social impact of social innovation (track)	Interventions to overcome (spot)	Potential benefit (ACT)	Lessons learned from
Awareness in the field of social impact (AIFSI)	Identification of social innovation opportunities	Accepting risks and diffusing good practices (DPBSI)	Dissemination of knowledge across the society	Inobasque (Unceta et al., 2016Unceta, A., Castro-Spila, J., & García Fronti, J. (2016). Social innovation indicators. Innovation, 29(2), 192–204. https://doi.org/10.1080/13511610.2015.1127137 https://doi.org/10.1080/13511610.2015.11... ) (Dainienė & Dagilienė, 2015Dainienė, R., & Dagilienė, L. (2015). A TBL Approach Based Theoretical Framework for Measuring Social Innovations. Procedia: Social and Behavioral Sciences, 213, 275–280. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.11.537 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.11... )
	Low integration between stakeholders	Identification of Social Innovation Cluster/ Park (PBESSI)	Mapping the actors in the area	Inobasque (Unceta et al., 2016Unceta, A., Castro-Spila, J., & García Fronti, J. (2016). Social innovation indicators. Innovation, 29(2), 192–204. https://doi.org/10.1080/13511610.2015.1127137 https://doi.org/10.1080/13511610.2015.11... ) (Dainienė & Dagilienė, 2015Dainienė, R., & Dagilienė, L. (2015). A TBL Approach Based Theoretical Framework for Measuring Social Innovations. Procedia: Social and Behavioral Sciences, 213, 275–280. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.11.537 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.11... )
	Dissemination of SI initiatives	Scaling-up, cross-regional exchange, and systemic change (DPBSI)	Making a clear statement on the importance of social innovation and putting it on the agenda	Inobasque (Unceta et al., 2016Unceta, A., Castro-Spila, J., & García Fronti, J. (2016). Social innovation indicators. Innovation, 29(2), 192–204. https://doi.org/10.1080/13511610.2015.1127137 https://doi.org/10.1080/13511610.2015.11... ) (Dainienė & Dagilienė, 2015Dainienė, R., & Dagilienė, L. (2015). A TBL Approach Based Theoretical Framework for Measuring Social Innovations. Procedia: Social and Behavioral Sciences, 213, 275–280. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.11.537 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.11... )
	Identification gaps in measures for social innovation systems and new opportunities for collaboration	Recombination through network analyses and complexity science (IDMSI)	Disseminate the results of these analyses via interactive data visualizations and dashboards, search engines, open databases, and open-source software that others can build on	Sinnergiak (Sinnergiak, 2013Sinnergiak (2013). Resindex: A regional index to measure social innovation. http://www.simpact-project.eu/publications/indicators/2014_RESINDEX_eng.pdf http://www.simpact-project.eu/publicatio... )
	Lack of research mapping opportunities and challenges for selecting measures for the social impact of SI	Defining what the research is trying to achieve, the audiences, projects, methods, and outputs (DPBSI)	Provide an approach to the conditions of context in which social innovations occur	Nesta (Innovation Mapping Team, 2019Innovation Mapping Team (Nesta) (2019). Innovation mapping now [Issue March].)
	Lack of engagement and raising awareness with the civil society	Dissemination and promotion of the initiative involving the community (PBESSI)	Assessment and measurement of impact	European Barcamp (Dainienė & Dagilienė, 2015Dainienė, R., & Dagilienė, L. (2015). A TBL Approach Based Theoretical Framework for Measuring Social Innovations. Procedia: Social and Behavioral Sciences, 213, 275–280. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.11.537 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.11... )
	Lack of understanding of the scope of innovations systems	Publications that deal primarily with the measurement of innovation (regardless of whether they focus on a specific type of innovation (DPBSI)	Raising awareness in the field of social impact	Blueprint / European Barcamp (Dainienė & Dagilienė, 2015Dainienė, R., & Dagilienė, L. (2015). A TBL Approach Based Theoretical Framework for Measuring Social Innovations. Procedia: Social and Behavioral Sciences, 213, 275–280. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.11.537 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.11... ) (Bund et al., 2013Bund, E., Hubrich, D.-K., Schmitz, B., Mildenberger, G., & Krlev, G. (2013). Blueprint of social innovation metrics – contributions to an understanding of opportunities and challenges of social innovation measurement. In Tepsie [Issue September 2015. http://www.tepsie.eu/images/documents/D2.4_final.pdf http://www.tepsie.eu/images/documents/D2... )

[1] Correspondence concerning this article should be addressed to Jorge Cunha, Avenida da Universidade, campus de Azurém, Guimarães, Portugal, ZIP code 4800-058. Email: jscunha@dps.uminho.pt

Brasil

Brasil

Challenges of impact measurement in social innovation: Barriers and interventions to overcome¹ 1 This work has been supported by Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia (FCT) within the Project Scope: PTDC/EGE-OGE/31635/2017.

Desafios na medição do impacto da inovação social: Barreiras e intervenções para superar

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Brasil

Brasil

Challenges of impact measurement in social innovation: Barriers and interventions to overcome1 1 This work has been supported by Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia (FCT) within the Project Scope: PTDC/EGE-OGE/31635/2017.

Desafios na medição do impacto da inovação social: Barreiras e intervenções para superar

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Challenges of impact measurement in social innovation: Barriers and interventions to overcome¹ 1 This work has been supported by Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia (FCT) within the Project Scope: PTDC/EGE-OGE/31635/2017.