Um modelo hierárquico para conceitos da indústria 4.0

Cordeiro, Raphaella F.; Reis, Luciana P.; Fernandes, June M.

doi:10.1590/1678-6971/eRAMR230061.en

Raphaella F. Cordeiro Correspondence concerning this article should be addressed to Raphaella F. Cordeiro, Rua Magnólia, 156, João Monlevade, Recanto do Paraíso, MG, Brazil, ZIP code 35930-140. Email: raphaella.cordeiro@aluno.ufop.edu.br

Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2745-1787

Luciana P. Reis

Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6009-8674

June M. Fernandes

Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9520-7271

Correspondence concerning this article should be addressed to Raphaella F. Cordeiro, Rua Magnólia, 156, João Monlevade, Recanto do Paraíso, MG, Brazil, ZIP code 35930-140. Email: raphaella.cordeiro@aluno.ufop.edu.br

Authors’ notes

Raphaella F. Cordeiro is now a production engineer at the Production Engineering Department of Federal University of Ouro Preto (Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto – UFOP); Luciana P. Reis is now an associate professor at the Production Engineering Department of UFOP; June M. Fernandes is now an associate professor at the Production Engineering Department of UFOP.

Revolution	Period	Characteristics
1st Industrial Revolution	18th and 19th centuries	– Emergence of steam engines – Hydraulic energy – Mechanization
2nd Industrial Revolution	Second half of the 19th century	– United States serial production by Henry Ford
3rd Industrial Revolution	Second half of the 20th century	– Emergence of electronics – Appearance of robotics – Emergence of computers – Emergence of information technology – Automation in manufacturing processes
4th Industrial Revolution	Since 2011	– Increased data and connectivity, especially new wide-area networks – Emergence of analytical capabilities and business intelligence – Emergence of new forms of human-machine interaction, such as touch interfaces and augmented reality systems – Improvement in transfer of digital instructions to the physical world, such as with advanced robotics and 3D printing

Authors/terms	Big data	Big data analytics	Cloud	Cloud computing	CPS	Digital twin	3D printing	Artificial intelligence	Horizontal/vertical integration	Internet of things	Maching learning	Machine-to-machine	Additive manufacturing	Advanced manufacturing	Digital manufacturing	Data mining	Optimization	Augmented reality	Virtual reality	Autonomous robot	Collaborative robot	Advaced robotics	SCADA, MES. ERP, and CLP	Services (IoS)	Simulation	Smart working	RFID technology
Alcácer and Cruz-Machado (2019)	X		X							X															X
Baena et al. (2017)	X				X			X		X												X		X		X
Bal and Erkan (2019)	X	X		X	X	X	X		X	X			X					X		X	X				X	X	X
Bortolini et al. (2017)	X	X	X		X		X		X	X	X		X	X			X	X			X	X
Büchi et al. (2020)	X			X					X	X			X		X			X							X
Caricato and Grieco (2017)		X							X					X											X
Santos (2018)		X	X		X			X		X		X				X	X	X	X				X
Castelo-Branco et al. (2019)	X		X		X					X													X

Authors/terms	Adaptability	Self-optimization	Self-configuration	Automation	Conectivity	Consciousness	Customization	Decentralization	Scanning	Availability	Efficiency	Scalability	Flexbility	Integrity	Interoperability	Maintenance	Modularity	Service orientation	Personalization	Predictability	Traceability	Reconfigurability	Real-time response	Security	Sustainability	Virtualization
Alcácer and Cruz-Machado (2019)			X	X			X						X	X	X	X	X		X				X
Bal and Erkan (2019)								X						X					X		X			X	X
Bortolini et al. (2017)	X						X	X												X
Caricato and Grieco (2017)										X					X
Santos (2018)	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X			X	X	X		X	X		X		X	X	X	X
Castelo-Branco et al. (2019)								X	X						X		X	X					X			X

Groups	Technologies	2014	2015	2016	2018	2019	Number of citations	Percentual
Cyber-physical systems	Machine-to-machine				3	6	10	17%
	Autonomous robot	1			2	10	15	26%
	Collaborative robot				1	8	5	9%
	3D printing or additive manufacturing	1		1	7	14	29	50%
	Simulation			1	4	12	20	34%
	Augmented reality				2	17	20	34%
	Virtual reality				2	2	5	9%
	Digital twin			1	2	4	8	14%
	Horizontal/vertical integration		1		4	11	20	34%
IoT	RFID					6	13	22%
	QR code	1			2	5	8	14%
	Barcodes					4	6	10%
	Sensors	1			2	8	18	31%
On demand availability of computer system resources	Big data	1		3	6	18	32	55%
	Big data analytics/ data mining			1	2	5	8	14%
	Cloud or cloud computing	1		1	8	24	38	66%
Cognitive computing	Artificial intelligence			2	1	7	12	21%
Cognitive computing	Machine learning			1		5	10	17%

Principles	Equivalent nomenclature	Number of citations	Percentual
Real-time response	Decision-making	25	43%
Virtualization	Digitalization	23	40%
Transparency of information	–	11	19%
Technical assistance	–	7	12%
Decentralization	Consciousness	51	88%
	Self-adaptive
	Auto optimization
	Autoconfiguration
	Self-knowledge
	Automation
Modularity	Compositionality	13	22%
Heterogeneity	–	4	7%
Adaptability	Flexibility	21	36%
Adaptability	Reconfigurability	21	36%
Interoperability	Connectivity	33	57%
	Communication
	Interconnection
Personalization	Customization	21	36%
Sustainability	Efficiency	25	43%
Security	Confidentiality	23	40%
Security	Integrity	23	40%
Reliability	Scalability	14	24%
	Robustness
	Resilience
Predictability	Precision	13	22%
Service orientation	–	8	14%
Traceability	–	10	17%

Dimension	Quantity	Percentual
Smart manufacturing	13	31%
Smart products and services	11	24%
Smart supply chain	8	19%
Smart work	5	10%

Dimensions/ Principles	Real-time response	Virtualization	Transparency of information	Technical assistance	Decentralization	Modularity	Adaptability	Interoperability	Personalization	Sustainability	Security	Predictability	Service orientation	Traceability	Total
Smart manufacturing	11%		11%		89%	22%	44%	78%		33%	11%	11%			9
Smart product and service		11%						44%	33%	11%			11%	44%	6
Smart supply chain			22%					56%		11%			33%		4
Smart work		33%		44%				33%		22%					4
Total	1	2	2	1	1	1	1	4	1	4	1	1	2	1

Principles/Technologies	Machine-to-machine	Autonomous robot	Collaborative robot	3D printing	Simulation	Augmented reality	Virtual reality	Digital twin	Horizontal/vertical integration	RFID	Sensors	Big data	Big data analytics	Data mining	Cloud	Artificial intelligence	Machine leraning	Cyber-physical systems (*)	Internet of things (*)	Total
Real-time response						4%							12%					20%		3
Virtualization							4%	4%			4%									3
Transparency of information											4%		8%							2
Technical assistance			8%			4%														2
Decentralization		4%											4%	4%		12%	8%	16%		6
Adaptability		8%		8%																2
Interoperability	4%								12%	16%	12%	20%			8%			12%	32%	8
Personalization				24%					4%				4%							3
Sustainability				8%	8%				4%				8%					4%		5
Security												4%			20%					2
Predictability								4%					4%				8%			3
Traceability										12%								20%	16%	3
Total	1	2	1	3	1	2	1	2	3	2	3	2	6	1	2	1	2	5	2

Dimensions

Smart manufacturing

X

Smart product

X

Smart supply chain

X

Smart work

X

Principles

Interoperability

Decentralization

Sustainability

Virtualization

Predictability

Transparency of information

Real-time response

Personalization

Adaptability

Security

Traceability

Technical assistance

Technologies

Machine-to-machine

Autonomous robot

3D printing

Virtual reality

Digital twin

Sensors

Augmented reality

3D printing

Autonomous robot

Big data

RFID

Collaborative robot

Hor./Vert. integration

Big data analytics (data mining)

Simulation

Digital twin

Big data analytics

Hor./Vert. integration

3D printing

Cloud

CPS

RFID

Artificial intelligence

Hor./Vert. integration

Sensors

Machine learning

Internet of things

CPS

Big data analytics

Sensors

Machine learning

Big data analytics

Internet of things

Big data

CPS

Cloud

Internet of things

CPS

Internet of things

[TFN1] Source: Elaborated by the authors.

Um modelo hierárquico para conceitos da indústria 4.0

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