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ABSORPTIVE CAPACITY, ENVIRONMENTAL TURBULENCE, AND ORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCE: A STUDY IN RETAIL COMPANIES IN SANTA CATARINA, BRAZIL

ABSTRACT

In increasingly dynamic and turbulent markets, organizations increasingly rely on external knowledge, a key resource in the core of organizational strategies, in order to promote innovation and improve their performance (Ireland, Hitt & Vaidyanath, 2002Ireland, R. D., Hitt, M. A., & Vaidyanath, D. (2002). Alliance management as a source of competitive advantage. Journal of Management, 28, 413-446.; Zollo, Reuer & Singh, 2002Zollo, M., Reuer, J. J., & Singh, H. (2002). Interorganizational routines and performance in strategic alliances. Organizational Science, 13, 701-713.; Cassiman & Veugelers, 2006Cassiman, B., & Veugelers, R. (2006). Search of complementarity in innovation strategy: internal R&D and external knowledge acquisition. Management Science, 52, 68-82.; Morgan & Berthon, 2008Morgan, R. E., & Berthon, P. (2008). Market orientation, generative learning, innovation strategy and business performance inter-relationships in bioscience firms. Journal of Management Studies, 45, 1329-1353.; Lichtenthaler, 2009Lichtenthaler, U. (2009). Absorptive capacity, environmental turbulence, and the complementarity of organizational learning processes. Academy of Management Journal, 52, 822-846.). The absorptive capacity (Acap) translates itself as one of the learning key processes of organizations concerning knowledge identification, assimilation, and exploration in the environment (Cohen & Levinthal, 1989Cohen, W., & Levinthal, D. (1989). Innovation and learning: the two faces of R&D. Economic Journal, 99(397), 569-596.; Lane, Koka & Pathak, 2006Lane, P. J., Koka, B. R., & Pathak, S. (2006). The reification of absorptive capacity: a critical review and rejuvenation of the construct. Academy of Management Review, 31, 833-863.). Although a considerable number of empirical studies have used Acap, a valid measure that incorporates these different dimensions have not been developed, yet (Wang & Ahmed, 2007Wang, C. L., & Ahmed, P. K. (2007). Dynamic capabilities: a review and research agenda. International Journal of Management Reviews, 9, 31-51.). Lane et al. (2006)Lane, P. J., Koka, B. R., & Pathak, S. (2006). The reification of absorptive capacity: a critical review and rejuvenation of the construct. Academy of Management Review, 31, 833-863. notice that most researchers typically measure Acap as mere proxies of R&D (e.g. Cohen & Levinthal, 1989Cohen, W., & Levinthal, D. (1989). Innovation and learning: the two faces of R&D. Economic Journal, 99(397), 569-596.), ignoring the variety of their dimensions and their implications for different organizational outcomes. However, few empirical studies have captured the multidimensional nature of Acap (Jansen, Van Den Bosch & Volberda, 2005Jansen, J., Van Den Bosch, V., & Volberba, H. (2005). Managing potential and realized absorptive capacity: how do organizational antecedents matter? Academy Management Journal, 48, 999-1015.). This study evaluates the effect of Acap on organizational performance under various environmental turbulence conditions. This is a descriptive study with a survey nature and a cross-sectional approach. The survey’s target population consisted in retail companies within the Grande Florianópolis region, having at least one year of uninterrupted activity. Data were collected through self-applied questionnaires that were answered by the main director of each company, whenever possible, otherwise by someone responsible for business. Moreover, various features of moderation, such as organizations’ age and size, are taken into account. The outcomes from 230 retail companies show that Acap has a positive effect on organizational performance. Regarding the moderating effect of environmental turbulence on Acap and the organizational performance indicators, it was found that, out of the 5 performance indicators analyzed, 3 confirmed the influence of environmental turbulence.

KEYWORDS
Absorptive capacity; Environmental turbulence; Organizational performance; Retail companies; Organizational knowledge

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