Polycystic ovary syndrome and abdominal fat: is there a relationship?

Macruz, Carolina Furtado; Lima, Sônia Maria Rolim Rosa

doi:10.1590/1806-9282.20230874

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Revista da Associação Médica Brasileira

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Sumário

Original Article • Rev. Assoc. Med. Bras. 69 (11) • 2023 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1806-9282.20230874 copy

Polycystic ovary syndrome and abdominal fat: is there a relationship?

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

SUMMARY

OBJECTIVE:

The aim of this study was to compare the distribution of fat tissue in non-obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome and those without the syndrome using dual-energy radiological densitometry.

METHODS:

This was a case-control study in which we enrolled women aged 14–39 years with polycystic ovary syndrome according to the Rotterdam criteria with a body mass index between 18.5 and 30 kg/m². The control group comprised women with the same profile, but without polycystic ovary syndrome. Patients were treated at the Endocrinological Gynecology Outpatient Clinic of the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of the Irmandade da Santa Casa de Misericórdia de São Paulo between 2019 and 2022. Anthropometric measurements were taken and the assessment of body composition was performed using dual-energy radiological densitometry.

RESULTS:

The sample comprised 57 women: 37 in the polycystic ovary syndrome group and 20 in the control group. The mean age of the polycystic ovary syndrome group was 24.9 years (±6.9) with a mean body mass index of 60.8 kg/m² (±8.5), and for the control group, it was 24.2 years (±6.9) with a mean body mass index of 58 kg/m² (±8.4). Body composition was evaluated using dual-energy radiological densitometry and showed a higher value of trunk fat in the polycystic ovary syndrome group (44.1%, ±9.0) compared to the control group (35.2%, ±11.4), which was statistically significant (p=0.002).

CONCLUSION:

Our study showed that non-obese polycystic ovary syndrome patients have a higher concentration of abdominal fat, which is a risk factor for increased cardiovascular risk and insulin resistance.

ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT02467751.

KEYWORDS:
Polycystic ovary syndrome; Body composition; Insulin resistance; Hyperandrogenism; Body mass index

Variable	PCOS group Median (range)	Control group Median (range)	p
Age (years)	24.9 (±6.9)	24.2 (±6.9)	0.728^* * Student's t-test;
Weight (kg)	60.8 (±8.5)	58.0 (±8.4)	0.242^* * Student's t-test;
BMI (kg/m²)	23.1 (±3.1)	22.2 (±3.1)	0.311^* * Student's t-test;
Total cholesterol (mg/L)^a a mean±SD; p<0.05.	160.6 (±34.4)	155.3 (±33.8)	0.580^* * Student's t-test;
Low-density lipoprotein (mg/L)	98 (43–143)	90.5 (50–154)	0.694^ Mann-Whitney U test;
High-density lipoprotein (mg/L)	49 (31–115)	51 (36–90)	0.280^ Mann-Whitney U test;
TG (mg/L)	72 (34–173)	57 (35–109)	0.120^ Mann-Whitney U test;
Fasting glucose (mg/L)^a a mean±SD; p<0.05.	88.6 (±7.9)	84.2 (±7.2)	0.045 ^* * Student's t-test;
2 h blood glucose (mg/L)	98 (50–240)	89 (69–153)	0.146^ Mann-Whitney U test;
Glycated hemoglobin (%)	5.4 (4–6)	5.1 (5–6)	0.056^ Mann-Whitney U test;
Insulin (uIU/mL)	8.8 (1.9–34.3)	6.8 (3.8–14.4)	0.086^ Mann-Whitney U test;
HOMA-IR	1.8 (0.4–6.7)	1.4 (0.7–3.2)	0.034 ^ Mann-Whitney U test;

Variable	PCOS group Median (range)	Control group Median (range)	p
Follicle-stimulating hormone (mUI/mL)	4.3 (2–7.6)	5.6 (0.7–14.2)	0.242^* * Mann-Whitney U test;
LH (mUI/mL)	5.4 (0.7–26.4)	4 (0.3–7.2)	0.026 ^* * Mann-Whitney U test;
17OHP (ng/mL)^a a mean±SD; p<0.05.	1.1 (±0.4)	0.7 (±0.4)	0.005 ^ Student's t-test;
Total testosterone (ng/dL)	33 (20–109)	22.5 (20–55.8)	0.003 ^* * Mann-Whitney U test;
DHEA (ng/dL)	6.1 (2.1–13.9)	4.7 (1.1–37.1)	0.281^* * Mann-Whitney U test;
SDHEA (ug/L)	296 (53–3670)	212.5 (39.3–1390)	0.422^* * Mann-Whitney U test;
Prolactin (ng/mL)	10.7 (3.3–47.1)	10.5 (4.9–20)	0.631^* * Mann-Whitney U test;
Sex hormone-binding globulin (nmol/L)	48.1 (13.3–360)	89.5 (34–159.8)	0.004 ^* * Mann-Whitney U test;
Body fat (%)	38.6 (13.3–48.6)	34.0 (16.1–53.4)	0.165^* * Mann-Whitney U test;
Truncal fat (%)^a a mean±SD; p<0.05.	44.1 (±9.0)	35.2 (±11.4)	0.002 ^ Student's t-test;
Leg fat (%)^a a mean±SD; p<0.05.	40.1 (±6.4)	37.4 (±9.3)	0.191**

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[1] *Corresponding author: carolmacruz@gmail.com