The effect of compression stockings on the complaints well-being and sleep quality of pregnant women with restless legs syndrome: a randomized controlled study

Kaplan, Özlem; Başer, Mürüvvet; Özgün, Mahmut Tuncay

doi:10.1590/1806-9282.20240145

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Original Article • Rev. Assoc. Med. Bras. 70 (7) • 2024 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1806-9282.20240145 copy

The effect of compression stockings on the complaints well-being and sleep quality of pregnant women with restless legs syndrome: a randomized controlled study

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

SUMMARY

OBJECTIVE:

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of compression stockings on complaints, well-being, and sleep quality in pregnant women with restless legs syndrome.

METHODS:

This randomized placebo-controlled study was conducted on 63 pregnant women (placebo group [PG]=31; experimental group [EG]=32) at the Perinatology Outpatient Clinic of a Health Research and Application Centre in Turkey. Pregnant women in the experimental group wore compression stockings when they got up in the morning for 3 weeks and took them off at bedtime. Placebo group women wore a placebo stocking. Data were collected using the restless legs syndrome Severity Rating Scale, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, the World Health Organization-5 Well-Being Index, and the Application Satisfaction Form on the 22nd day of the first interview. Statistical significance was accepted as p<0.05.

RESULTS:

Post-test mean scores of both the experimental group and placebo group in the restless legs syndrome Severity Rating Scale (post-test:;8.87±5.27, 12.19±5.60; pre-test:;21.28±5.63, 21.0±5.61; p<0.05), the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (post-test:;5.34±3.28, 6.12±3.12; pre-test:;10.15±4.23, 9.61±4.59; p<0.05), and Well-Being Index (post-test:;18.06±4.59, 19.00±4.47; pre-test:;12.71±5.85, 15.09±5.62; p<0.05) showed recovery according to the pre-tests. However, the post-test restless legs syndrome Severity Rating Scale of the experimental group was lower than that of the placebo group (p<0.05). The effect of their application started in 3.93±1.74 days on average in the experimental group, while it started in 5.09±1.55 days in the placebo group (p<0.05).

CONCLUSION:

Both applications reduced the severity of restless legs syndrome in pregnant women and increased sleep quality and well-being. However, compression stockings were more effective in reducing restless legs syndrome severity. Nurses can use compression and placebo stockings in the care of pregnant women with restless legs syndrome.

Clinical Trial Registration Number:

NCT05795868.

KEYWORDS:
Compression stockings; Obstetric nursing; Restless legs syndrome; Sleep quality; Quality of life

Features	EG (n=32)	PG (n=31)	t p
Features	$\bar{x}$ ± SD	$\bar{x}$ ± SD	t p
Age (years)	27.75±4.99	26.48±5.54	0.953 0.344
BMI	26.93±2.65	26.65±3.03	0.393 0.696
Gestational weeks	30.78±3.82	30.12±3.67	0.690 0.493
Gravida	2.21±1.28	2.32±1.27	−0.321 0.749
Weight gained during pregnancy	9.03±3.64	7.77±3.33	0.833 0.159

Scales		EG (n=32)	PG (n=31)	Test p
Scales		$\bar{x}$ ± SD	x ± SD	Test p
IRLSSG
	Pre-test	21.28±5.63	21.0±5.61	0.198^t t Independent sample t-test. 0.843
	Post-test	8.87±5.27	12.19±5.60	−2.421^t t Independent sample t-test. 0.018
	Test p	11.625^y y Paired sample t-test. <0.001	7.285^y y Paired sample t-test. <0.001
	Difference	12.40±6.03	8.80±6.73	0.381 0.029
PSQI total score
	Pre-test	10.15±4.23	9.61±4.59	0.488^t t Independent sample t-test. 0.627
	Post-test	5.34±3.28	6.12±3.12	−0.971^t t Independent sample t-test. 0.336
	Test p	6.654^y y Paired sample t-test. <0.001	4.057^y y Paired sample t-test. <0.001
	Difference	4.81±4.09	3.48±4.78	0.668 0.240
WHO-5 total score
	Pre-test	12.71±5.85	15.09±5.62	−1.643^t t Independent sample t-test. 0.106
	Post-test	18.06±4.59	19.00±4.47	−0.876^t t Independent sample t-test. 0.105
	Test p	7.169^y y Paired sample t-test. <0.001	3.987^y y Paired sample t-test. <0.001
	Difference	5.34±4.21	3.96±5.54	0.192 0.271
Benefit from the application
	Yes	31 (96.9)	29 (93.5)	0.378^x2 x2 Chi-square. EG: experimental group; PG: placebo group; IRLSSG: International Restless Legs Syndrome Study Group; PSQI: Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index; WHO-5: World Health Organization-5 Well-Being Index; SD: standard deviation. 0.613
	No	1 (3.1)	2 (6.5)
	Day of benefit ^* * Responses were received from pregnant women who benefited from the application. (x ± SD)	3.93±1.74	5.09±1.55	−2.784 0.007
	Satisfaction level (x ± SD)	8.18±1.61	8.16±1.61	0.064^t t Independent sample t-test. 0.949

Codes		Participants
EG group positive statements		P-2	P-3	P-4	P-6	P-9	P-10	P-11	P-17	P-18	P-19	P-21	P-23	P-24	P-27	P-29	P-32	P-34	P-41	P-43	P-44	P-47	P-49	P-60	P-65	P-67
Reduction in leg pain, relief					x	x	x	x	x		X	x						x		x	x	x		x	x
No pain in the legs			x	x						x			x	x		x			x				X
Comfortable sleep			x	x		x	x		x		X	x	x	x	x			x	x
Reduction in leg edema/low back pain																	x
Psychological relief																					x
EG group negative statements
	Sock slip	x				x		x
	Sock tightening		x	x	x				x	x	x	x		x			x	x	x
	Difficulty wearing			x	x	x		x	x	x	x	x	x		x		x	x	x						x
	Discomfort such as sweating and itching in the legs			x											x										x
	Continuing leg pain							x																		x
PG group positive statements		P-14	P-15	P-16	P-20	P-22	P-25	P-26	P-29	P-30	P-31	P-33	P-35	P-42	P-45	P-46	P-50	P-56	P-61	P-64	P-70
Reduction in leg pain, relief		x	x	x	x	x				x	x	x	x	x	x	x	x	x		x
No pain in the legs							x	x	x
Comfortable sleep			x		x		x	x	x			x	x		x
Getting one's life in order												x		x
PG group negative statements
	Sock tightening															x					x
	Difficulty wearing					x				x	x
	Sweating in the legs					x						x		x		x
	Continuing leg pain	x													x				x

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[1] *Corresponding author:
ozlem.kaplan@erciyes.edu.tr