Prevalence of low-body cell mass evaluated by bioelectrical impedance vector analysis related to aging

García-Castañeda, Luis; Castillo-Martinez, Lilia; Mendoza-Núñez, Víctor Manuel; Torre, Guadalupe Silvia García De La; Rodríguez-García, Wendy Daniella

doi:10.1590/1806-9282.20240088

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Revista da Associação Médica Brasileira

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Original Article • Rev. Assoc. Med. Bras. 70 (11) • 2024 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1806-9282.20240088 copy

Prevalence of low-body cell mass evaluated by bioelectrical impedance vector analysis related to aging

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

SUMMARY

OBJECTIVE:

The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of low-body cell mass by sex and age in a community-dwelling population.

METHODS:

In this retrospective study, 981 community-dwelling adults aged ≥35 years (648 women and 333 men) from Mexico City were recruited in a subway station between February and April 2012. Demographic data, anthropometry, and body composition were assessed, and self-reported comorbidities were recorded in the consulting room. Impedance values were obtained using mono-frequency equipment at 50 kHz. For the diagnosis of low-body cell mass by bioelectrical impedance vectorial analysis: resistance (R, Ohm) and reactance (Xc, Ohm) values were adjusted for height to obtain impedance vector (R/H and Xc/H) and then plotted in the R/Xc to perform the bioelectrical impedance vectorial analysis RXc Z-score analysis.

RESULTS:

The total prevalence of low body cell mass by bioelectrical impedance vectorial analysis was 29.4% (n=288) with a 95%CI 26.5–32.3%; was higher in men (39%) compared with women (24.4%) (p<0.0001). The group aged>75 years had the highest prevalence (men: 85.3%, p<0.001; women: 63.3%, p<0.001). The bioelectrical impedance vectorial analysis RXc Z-score analysis showed lower cell mass in men aged>75 years (R Z-score −0.30, Xc Z-score −2.13), and women aged 65–74 years also presented with overhydration (Z-score −2.6, Z-score −1.27).

CONCLUSION:

The prevalence of low body cell mass, evaluated by bioelectrical impedance vectorial analysis, increased with age. RXc Z-score analysis could be a useful tool to evaluate nutritional status and changes in hydration in community-dwelling populations.

KEYWORDS:
Prevalence; Cell mass; Aging; Hydration; Electric impedance; Community dwelling

Variables	Men					Women
	Age groups in years
	35–49 (n=94)	50–64 (n=133)	65–74 (n=72)	>75 (n=34)	p	35–49 (n=102)	50–64 (n=251)	65–74 (n=216)	>75 (n=79)	p
Weight (kg)	78 (13)	77 (14)	71 (9)	69 (11)	<0.001^* * p<0.05: group 35–49 versus 65–74 and >75; 50–64 versus 65–74 and >75, in men. Group 35–49 versus >75; 50–64 versus 65–74, and >75, in women. #p<0.05: group 35–49 versus 50–64 and 65–74; 50–64 versus >75, in women. ¥p<0.05: group 35–49 versus >75, 50–64 versus >75, 65–74 versus >75 in men. Group 35–49 versus >75, and 50–64 versus >75, in women. ¶p<0.05: group 35–49 versus 50–64, 65–74, and >75; 50–64 versus 65–74 and >75; 65–74 versus >75, in men. Group 35–49 versus 50–64, 65–74, and >75, 50–64 versus >75, 65–74 versus >75, in women. §p<0.05: group 35–49 versus 50–64, 65–74, and >75; 50–64 versus 65–74 and >75; 65–74 versus >75, in men. Group 35–49 versus 65–74 and >75, 50–64 versus 65–74 and >75, 65–74 versus >75, in women.	66 (10)	68 (13)	64 (11)	60 (11)	<0.001^* * p<0.05: group 35–49 versus 65–74 and >75; 50–64 versus 65–74 and >75, in men. Group 35–49 versus >75; 50–64 versus 65–74, and >75, in women. #p<0.05: group 35–49 versus 50–64 and 65–74; 50–64 versus >75, in women. ¥p<0.05: group 35–49 versus >75, 50–64 versus >75, 65–74 versus >75 in men. Group 35–49 versus >75, and 50–64 versus >75, in women. ¶p<0.05: group 35–49 versus 50–64, 65–74, and >75; 50–64 versus 65–74 and >75; 65–74 versus >75, in men. Group 35–49 versus 50–64, 65–74, and >75, 50–64 versus >75, 65–74 versus >75, in women. §p<0.05: group 35–49 versus 50–64, 65–74, and >75; 50–64 versus 65–74 and >75; 65–74 versus >75, in men. Group 35–49 versus 65–74 and >75, 50–64 versus 65–74 and >75, 65–74 versus >75, in women.
Height (m)	1.67 (0.1)	1.65 (0.1)	1.62 (0.1)	1.60 (0.04)	<0.001	1.55 (0.1)	1.51 (0.05)	1.48 (0.05)	1.47 (0.1)	<0.001
BMI (kg/m²2 Rondanelli M, Talluri J, Peroni G, Donelli C, Guerriero F, Ferrini K, et al. Beyond body mass index. Is the body cell mass index (BCMI) a useful prognostic factor to describe nutritional, inflammation and muscle mass status in hospitalized elderly?: body cell mass index links in elderly. Clin Nutr. 2018;37(3):934-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clnu.2017.03.021 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clnu.2017.03.0... )	28 (4)	28 (4)	27 (3)	27 (4)	<0.23	27 (4)	30 (5)	29 (5)	28 (5)	<0.001^#
R/H (ohm/m)	287 (33)	289 (37)	296 (37)	323 (50)	<0.001¥	369 (42)	368 (52)	296 (37)	391 (53)	<0.001¥
Xc/H (ohm/m)	33 (4)	31 (4)	30 (4)	28 (4)	<0.001¶	38 (4)	35 (5)	34 (5)	32 (5)	<0.001¶
Phase angle (°)	6.7 (0.8)	6.2 (0.7)	5.8 (0.8)	4.9 (0.6)	<0.001§	5.9 (0.5)	5.6 (1)	5.2 (0.6)	4.7 (0.8)	<0.001§
Low-BCM, n (%)	16 (17)	47 (35.3)	38 (53.5)	29 (85.3)	<0.001	3 (2.9)	40 (15.9)	65 (30)	50 (63.3)	<0.001
Altered hydration, n (%)	9 (9.6)	28 (21.1)	23 (32.4)	18 (52.9)	<0.001	1 (1)	13 (5.2)	29 (13.4)	22 (27.8)	<0.001
Diabetes, n (%)	2 (2)	15 (12)	9 (18)	7 (25)	<0.001	0	39 (19)	39 (31)	21 (30)	<0.001
Hypertension, n (%)	5 (5)	26 (20)	8 (16)	11 (39)	<0.001	9 (9)	63 (31)	53 (42)	34 (49)	<0.001

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[1] *Corresponding author:
wen_030@yahoo.com.mx