Motor development of infants (6–12 months) with low birth weight

Godoy, Vanessa Cristina Waetge Pires de; Souza, Fabiola Isabel Suano de; Johnston, Cintia; Strufaldi, Maria Wany Louzada

doi:10.1590/1806-9282.20200966

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Original Article • Rev. Assoc. Med. Bras. 67 (4) • Apr 2021 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1806-9282.20200966 copy

Motor development of infants (6–12 months) with low birth weight

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

SUMMARY

OBJECTIVE:

The aim of this study was to describe the motor development (MD) and growth of infants born with low birth weight (LBW) versus adequate birth weight (ABW) by using the Alberta Infant Motor Scale (AIMS).

METHODS:

The cross-sectional study including LBW infants (aged 6–12 months) followed at an outpatient clinic from a University Hospital in Brazil and a group of infants of the same age with ABW. The variables were recorded as maternal, birth, and infant conditions. The infants were assessed for MD using the AIMS.

RESULTS:

In total, 98 infants (38 LBW versus 60 ABW) were evaluated and no statistically significant differences were found in demographic characteristics and in the AIMS results. The AIMS results of the total sample were suspicious or abnormal MD in 44 (45%) of total infants. Higher frequency of suspected or abnormal motor behavior was found in the age group between 9 and 12 (54.6%) months.

CONCLUSIONS:

A frequency of 45% of suspected or abnormal behavior was observed in the evaluated infants, with a higher frequency of occurrence in those aged 9–12 months (54.6%).

KEYWORDS:
Infant; low birth weight; Motor skills

Variables		LBW (n = 38)		ABW (n = 60)		p-value
Variables		n	%	n	%	p-value
Maternal age (years)^* * data in averaged±standard deviation of the mean		29.9±6.8		26.7±6.4		0.015^† † student's t-test significance level
Maternal schooling
	Elementary school	11	28.9	23	38.5	0.219^‡ ‡ Chi-square test significance level.
	High school	20	52.6	35	58.3
	University education	7	18.4	2	3.2
ABEP
	A	0	0.0	0	0.0	0.258^‡ ‡ Chi-square test significance level.
	B	3	7.9	1	1.7
	B1	12	31.6	10	16.7
	C1	16	42.1	35	58.3
	C2	6	15.8	11	18.3
	D–E	1	2.6	3	5.0
Prenatal initiation (months)^* * data in averaged±standard deviation of the mean		1.0±0.16		1.13±0.34		0.036^† † student's t-test significance level
Number of pregnancies^* * data in averaged±standard deviation of the mean		1.6±1.3		2.2±0.9		0.024^† † student's t-test significance level
Smoking
	Yes	1	2.6	2	3.3	0.649^‡ ‡ Chi-square test significance level.
	No	37	97.4	58	96.7	0.649^‡ ‡ Chi-square test significance level.
Alcoholism/drugs
	Yes	1	2.6	2	3.3	0.649^‡ ‡ Chi-square test significance level.
	No	37	97.4	58	96.7	0.649^‡ ‡ Chi-square test significance level.
Gestational complications
	Yes	33	86.8	27	45.0	<0.001^‡ ‡ Chi-square test significance level.
	No	5	13.2	33	55.0	<0.001^‡ ‡ Chi-square test significance level.
Type of complications
	Cardiovascular	13	34.2	3	5.0	<0.001^‡ ‡ Chi-square test significance level.
	Respiratory	1	2.6	0	0
	Genitourinary	5	13.1	2	3.3
	Hematological	4	10.5	4	6.7
	Infectious	15	42.8	14	23.3
	Metabolic	4	10.5	0	0
	Neurological	1	2.6	0	0
	Others	11	28.9	4	6.7
Type of delivery
	Vaginal	4	10.0	34	56.7	<0.001^‡ ‡ Chi-square test significance level.
	Cesarean section	34	89.5	26	43.3	<0.001^‡ ‡ Chi-square test significance level.

Variables		LBW (n=38)		ABW (n=60)		p-value
Variables		n	%	n	%	p-value
Gender
	Male	19	50.0	34	56.7	0.540^† † Chi-square test significance level
	Female	19	50.0	26	43.3	0.540^† † Chi-square test significance level
Birth weight (g)^* * data in averaged±standard deviation of the mean		2218±166.4		3232.8±416.4		<0.001^‡ ‡ Student's t-test significance level.
Adequate for gestational age
	SGA	16	42.1	6	10.0	<0.001^† † Chi-square test significance level
	AGA	22	57.9	42	70.0
	LGA	0	0.0	12	20.0
Neonatal complications
	Yes	21	57.5	7	11.7	<0.001^† † Chi-square test significance level
	No	17	42.5	53	88.3	<0.001^† † Chi-square test significance level
Type of complications
	Infectious	4	11.4	0	0	<0.001^† † Chi-square test significance level
	Respiratory	12	31.6	0	0
	Metabolic	5	13.1	0	0
	Icterus	7	18.4	8	13.3
	Others	5	13.1	0	0
Z-score height
	Short stature	7	18.4	2	3.4	0.026^† † Chi-square test significance level
	Adequate height	31	81.6	57	96.6	0.026^† † Chi-square test significance level
Z-score BMI
	Thinness	1	2.6	1	1.7	0.897^† † Chi-square test significance level
	Eutrophic	31	81.6	48	80
	Overweight/obesity	6	15.8	11	18.3
Z-score HP
	Adequate	38	100	60	100

AIMS		LBW (n=38)	ABW (n=60)	p-value
Total score		27.5 (19.0;43.0)	31.5 (22.2;42.7)	0.233^* * Mann-Whitney U test significance level
Classification
	Normal	20 (52.6)	34 (56.7)	0.522^† † Chi-square test significance level.
	Suspicious	12 (31.6)	21 (35.0)
	Abnormal	6 (15.8)	5 (8.3)
Prone
	Score	10.5 (7.0,17.0)	12.0 (7.0,17.7)	0.483^* * Mann-Whitney U test significance level
Supine
	Score	8.0 (6.0,9.0)	7.5 (6.0,9.0)	0.888^* * Mann-Whitney U test significance level
Seated
	Score	7.0 (3.0,11.2)	9.5 (5.0,12.0)	0.087^* * Mann-Whitney U test significance level
Standing
	Score	3.0 (2.7,6.3)	3.0 (3.0,5.0)	0.553^* * Mann-Whitney U test significance level

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[1] *Corresponding author: van_godoy18@hotmail.com