Huangfu et al.4444 Huangfu D, Maehr R, Guo W, Eijkelenboom A, Snitow M, Chen AE, et al. Induction of pluripotent stem cells by defined factors is greatly improved by small-molecule compounds. Nat Biotechnol. 2008; 26(7):795-7.
|
2008 |
Mice |
Fibroblasts |
VPA/TSA/SAHA |
Inhibitor of histone deacetylation |
Prevents histone deacetylation, increasing reprogramming efficiency by more than 100X compared to OSKM |
Shi et al.4343 Shi Y, Desponts C, Do JT, Hahm HS, Schöler HR, Ding S. Induction of pluripotent stem cells from mouse embryonic fibroblasts by Oct4 and Klf4 with small-molecule compounds. Cell Stem Cell. 2008; 3(5):568-74.
|
2008 |
Mice |
Fibroblasts |
BIX-01294 |
G9a methyltransferase inhibitor |
Reduces histone H3K9 methylation, facilitating transcription. Improves reprogramming efficiency compared to Oct4 and Klf4 |
Esteban et al.3535 Esteban MA, Wang T, Qin B, Yang J, Qin D, Cai J, et al. Vitamin C enhances the generation of mouse and human induced pluripotent stem cells. Cell Stem Cell. 2010; 6(1):71-9.
|
2010 |
Humans |
Fibroblasts |
Vitamin C |
Nanog promoter, Oct4/ Histone demethylation |
Decreases senescence during reprogramming |
Liang et al.4646 Liang G, Taranova O, Xia K, Zhang Y. Butyrate promotes induced pluripotent stem cell generation. J Biol Chem. 2010; 285(33):25516-21.
|
2010 |
Mice |
Fibroblasts |
Sodium butyrate |
Histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor |
Facilitates reprogramming mediated by c-Myc |
Liang et al.4848 Liang G, He J, Zhang Y. Kdm2b promotes induced pluripotent stem cell generation by facilitating gene activation early in reprogramming. Nat Cell Biol. 2012; 14(5):457-66.
|
2012 |
Mice |
Fibroblasts |
Lentivirus increasing the expression of Kdm2b |
Activation of genes in the initial phase of reprogramming |
Decreased H3K36me2 levels, contributing to reprogramming |
Onder et al.4747 Onder TT, Kara N, Cherry A, Sinha AU, Zhu N, Bernt KM, et al. Chromatin-modifying enzymes as modulators of reprogramming. Nature. 2012; 483(7391):598-602.
|
2012 |
Mice |
Fibroblasts |
epz004777 |
DOT1L inhibitor (Histone methyltransferase specific for H3K79) |
With the reduction of DOT1L, a reduction in the methylation of H3K79 occurs, improving the reprogramming by increasing transcription factors such as Nanog and Lin28 |
Chen et al.4545 Chen J, Liu H, Liu J, Qi J, Wei B, Yang J, et al. H3K9 methylation is a barrier during somatic cell reprogramming into iPSCs. Nat Genet. 2013; 45(1):34-42.
|
2013 |
Mice |
Fibroblasts |
Vitamin C |
Increases Kdm3 and Kdm4 - Lysine-specific demethylase |
Reduces H3K9me2 and H3K9me3, important early in the reprogramming of iPSCs |
Hou et al.4242 Hou P, Li Y, Zhang X, Liu C, Guan J, Li H, et al. Pluripotent stem cells induced from mouse somatic cells by small-molecule compounds. Science. 2013; 341(6146):651-4.
|
2013 |
Mice |
Fibroblasts |
3-deazaneplanocin A (Dznep) |
Histone methyltransferase inhibitor |
Better reprogramming occurs with inhibition of histone methyltransferase by preventing methylation in the arginine and lysine residues of histones |