Relationship between functional fitness, medication
                    costs and mood in elderly people

Laureano, Michelli Luciana Massolini; Martins, Raul Agostinho; Sousa, Nuno M.; Machado-Rodrigues, Aristides M.; Valente-Santos, João; Coelho-e-Silva, Manoel João

doi:10.1590/1806-9282.60.03.007

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Original Articles • Rev. Assoc. Med. Bras. 60 (03) • May-Jun 2014 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1806-9282.60.03.007 linkcopy

Relationship between functional fitness, medication costs and mood in elderly people

Relações entre aptidão física funcional, custos com consumo de medicamentos e estados de humor em pessoas idosas

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Objective: to verify if functional fitness (FF) is associated with the annual cost of medication consumption and mood states (MSt) in elderly people.

Methods: a cross-sectional study with 229 elderly people aged 65 years or more at Santa Casa de Misericórdia de Coimbra, Portugal. Seniors with physical and psychological limitations were excluded, as well as those using medication that limits performance on the tests. The Senior Fitness Test was used to evaluate FF, and the Profile of Mood States - Short Form to evaluate the MSt. The statistical analysis was based on Mancova, with adjustment for age, for comparison between men and women, and adjustment for sex, for comparison between cardiorespiratory fitness quintiles. The association between the variables under study was made with partial correlation, controlling for the effects of age, sex and body mass index.

Results: an inverse correlation between cardiorespiratory fitness and the annual cost of medication consumption was found (p < 0.01). FF is also inversely associated with MSt (p < 0.05). Comparisons between cardiorespiratory fitness quintiles showed higher medication consumption costs in seniors with lower aerobic endurance, as well as higher deterioration in MSt (p < 0.01).

Conclusion: elderly people with better FF and, specifically, better cardiorespiratory fitness present lower medication consumption costs and a more positive MSt.

physical functional fitness; medication; mood states; elderly

	Women (N = 169)		Men (N = 60)		p
	Min - Max	Med (SD)	Min - Max	Med (SD)
Age (years)	65 to 95	75 (8)	65 to 92	74 (7)	1
Height (cm)	139 to 166	152 (6)	141 to 185	164 (9)	<0.01 ^ Differences between sexes (p ≤ 0.01).
Body mass (kg)	46 to 91	67.6 (9.8)	38 to 105.8	75 (14.4)	<0.01 ^ Differences between sexes (p ≤ 0.01).
BMI (kg/m²)	19.2 to 42.2	29.3 (4.2)	17.3 to 39.3	27.7 (4.3)	0.02 ^* * Differences between sexes (p ≤ 0.05)
Waist circumf (cm)	59 to 122	96 (10)	74 to 127	101 (11)	<0.01 ^ Differences between sexes (p ≤ 0.01).
WHtR	0.39 to 0.86	0.63 (08)	0.49 to 0.75	0.62 (07)	0.15
SBP (mmHg)	86 to 180	135 (16)	106 to 180	133 (14)	0.49
DBP (mmHg)	50 to 116	77 (12)	59 to 101	76 (9)	0.84
Resting HR (beats/min)	46 to 100	71 (9)	48 to 86	67 (7)	<0.01 ^ Differences between sexes (p ≤ 0.01).
Lower strength (reps/30s)	2 to 23	12 (5)	3 to 23	13 (5)	0.49
Upper strength (reps/30s)	1 to 28	13 (6)	3 to 20	12 (4)	0.03 ^* * Differences between sexes (p ≤ 0.05)
Lower flexibility (cm)	-52 to 30	-5 (14)	-12 (12)	-48 (14)	0.01 ^ Differences between sexes (p ≤ 0.01).
Upper flexibility (cm)	-71 to 10	-19 (17)	-71 to 21	-25 (19)	<0.01 ^ Differences between sexes (p ≤ 0.01).
Agility and balance (s)	3.8 to 55	10.6 (7.5)	4 to 36.7	9.3 (5.5)	0.22
Distance (m)	60 to 728	392 (151)	65 to 750	449 (149)	<0.01 ^ Differences between sexes (p ≤ 0.01).
Tension	0 to 14	4 (3.3)	0 to 14	4.2 (3.5)	0.67
Depression	0 to 18	4.6 (4.3)	0 to 19	5.1 (5.5)	0.36
Irritation	0 to 8	1.8 (1.8)	0 to 10	2.3 (2.3)	0.07
Vigor	0 to 16	8 (3.9)	0 to 16	7.3 (3.6)	0.19
Fatigue	0 to 14	4.1 (3.4)	0 to 12	4.1 (3.2)	1
Confusion	0 to 8	1.5 (1.9)	0 to 8	1.8 (2.3)	0.29
TMD	85 to 156	108 (15)	84 to 151	110 (16)	0.28
Medicationcost (€)	26 to 4.729	951 (847)	86 to 2.833	877 (615)	0.55

		Lower strength	Upper strength	Lower flexibility	Upper flexibility	Agility and balance	Aerobic endurance
Medication cost
	correlation	-0.129	-0.109	-0.051	-0.057	0.039	-0.185
	significance	0.06	0.11	0.45	0.4	0.56	<0.01 ^ Association between variables (p ≤ 0.01).
Tension
	correlation	-0.282	-0.225	-0.119	-0.26	0.107	-0.339
	significance	<0.01 ^ Association between variables (p ≤ 0.01).	<0.01 ^ Association between variables (p ≤ 0.01).	0.08	<0.01 ^ Association between variables (p ≤ 0.01).	0.11	<0.01 ^ Association between variables (p ≤ 0.01).
Depression
	correlation	-0,337	-0.254	-0.217	-0.317	0.116	-0.382
	significance	<0.01 ^ Association between variables (p ≤ 0.01).	<0.01 ^ Association between variables (p ≤ 0.01).	<0.01 ^ Association between variables (p ≤ 0.01).	<0.01 ^ Association between variables (p ≤ 0.01).	0.09	<0.01 ^ Association between variables (p ≤ 0.01).
Irritability
	correlation	-0.012	-0.051	-0.131	0.031	-0.013	0.015
	significance	0.87	0.45	0.05 ^* * Association between variables (p ≤ 0.05)	0.64	0.85	0.82
Vigor
	correlation	0.278	0.272	0.093	0.095	-0.026	0.3
	significance	<0.01 ^ Association between variables (p ≤ 0.01).	<0.01 ^ Association between variables (p ≤ 0.01).	0.17	0.16	0.7	<0.01 ^ Association between variables (p ≤ 0.01).
Fatigue
	correlation	-0.276	-0.215	-0.081	-0.287	0.099	-0.345
	significance	<0.01 ^ Association between variables (p ≤ 0.01).	<0.01 ^ Association between variables (p ≤ 0.01).	0.23	<0.01 ^ Association between variables (p ≤ 0.01).	0.14	<0.01 ^ Association between variables (p ≤ 0.01).
Confusion
	correlation	-0.342	-0.28	-0.236	-0.429	0.228	-0.384
	significance	<0.01 ^ Association between variables (p ≤ 0.01).	<0.01 ^ Association between variables (p ≤ 0.01).	<0.01 ^ Association between variables (p ≤ 0.01).	<0.01 ^ Association between variables (p ≤ 0.01).	<0.01 ^ Association between variables (p ≤ 0.01).	<0.01 ^ Association between variables (p ≤ 0.01).
TMD
	correlation	-0.345	-0.289	-0.183	-0.296	0.117	-0.394
	significance	<0.01 ^ Association between variables (p ≤ 0.01).	<0.01 ^ Association between variables (p ≤ 0.01).	<0.01 ^ Association between variables (p ≤ 0.01).	<0.01 ^ Association between variables (p ≤ 0.01).	0.08	<0.01 ^ Association between variables (p ≤ 0.01).

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Associação Médica Brasileira R. São Carlos do Pinhal, 324, 01333-903 São Paulo SP - Brazil, Tel: +55 11 3178-6800, Fax: +55 11 3178-6816 - São Paulo - SP - Brazil
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[tfn01t01] ^*
Differences between sexes (p ≤ 0.05)

[tfn02t01] ^**
Differences between sexes (p ≤ 0.01).

[3] BMI - Body Mass Index; Waist Circumf - waist circumference; WHtR- Waist to height ratio; BP - blood pressure; HR - heart rate; TMD - total mood disturbance.