The effect of diets with different inflammatory scores on inflammation and sleep in obese subjects: a randomized controlled trial

Toğuç, Hakan; Yılmaz, Hande Öngün; Yaprak, Bülent

doi:10.1590/1806-9282.20240588

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ORIGINAL ARTICLE • Rev. Assoc. Med. Bras. 70 (10) • 2024 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1806-9282.20240588 copy

The effect of diets with different inflammatory scores on inflammation and sleep in obese subjects: a randomized controlled trial

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

SUMMARY

OBJECTIVE:

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of different dietary inflammatory index diets on inflammatory markers, anthropometric measurements, and sleep quality in obese subjects.

METHODS:

This study was conducted in a public hospital in Turkey between November 2021 and May 2022. Participants with pro-inflammatory dietary habits were included in the study. Randomly divided into two groups of 33 participants, they were subjected to an anti-inflammatory diet or a control diet for 8 weeks. The study evaluated the anthropometric parameters, inflammatory biomarkers, and sleep quality indices of the diet groups.

RESULTS:

Significant reductions in body mass index were observed in both groups, more marked in the anti-inflammatory diet cohort. C-reactive protein levels, indicative of inflammation, also decreased substantially in both groups, with a more marked reduction in the anti-inflammatory diet cohort. Despite the improvement in sleep quality in both groups, the variation was not statistically significant.

CONCLUSION:

This study demonstrates the importance of anti-inflammatory diets in nutritional strategies for obesity by reducing body mass index and inflammation.

KEYWORDS:
Diet; Inflammation; Sleep quality; Obesity; Nutrition

General features	AID Group		CD Group		Test	p
General features	Mean	SD	Mean	SD	Test	p
Age (years)	39.19	8.89	43.65	9.08	t: -1.424	0.164
Gender	n	%	n	%
Female	10	30.30	10	30.30	χ²=0.047	0.829
Male	6	18.20	7	21.20	χ²=0.047	0.829
Education status
Illiterate	3	90.10	2	6.10	^* *χ2: Fisher’s exact test, p<0.05. χ²=7.198	0.193
Literate	3	90.10	0	0
Primary school	5	15.20	8	24.20
Middle school	1	3.00	2	6.10
High school	0	0	3	9.10
University	4	12.10	2	6.10
Occupational status
Not working	4	12.10	1	3.00	^* *χ2: Fisher’s exact test, p<0.05. χ²=3.578	0.658
Officer	1	3.00	2	6.10
Worker	2	6.10	2	6.10
Self-employment	0	0	1	3.00
Retired	8	24.20	9	27.30
Housewife	1	3.00	2	6.10
Marital status
Married	15	45.40	15	45.40	χ²=0.309	0.582
Single	1	3.00	2	6.10	χ²=0.309	0.582
Total	16	48.50	17	51.50

Anthropometric measurements	Times	AID Group		CD Group		Test F2	P²
Anthropometric measurements	Times	Mean	SD	Mean	SD	Test F2	P²
Body weight (kg)	Beginning	99.79	11.15^a	100.51	15.52^a	3.756	0.029
	1. Control	94.79	11.14^b	96.74	15.11^b
	2. Control	91.19	11.38^c	93.42	14.81^c
	Test F1	197.936		162.575
	p¹	<0.001		<0.001
Body mass index (kg/m²)^* *Logarithmic transformation was applied in base 10;	Beginning	37.60	2.83^a	36.61	2.979^a	3.999	0.033
	1. Control	35.72	2.97^b	35.24	3.08^b
	2. Control	34.36	3.20^c	34.02	3.01^c
	Test F1	152.452		167.186
	p¹	<0.001		<0.001
Body fat percentage (%)	Beginning	44.72	2.71^a	44.21	4.81^a	2.752	0.072
	1. Control	43.07	2.61^b	43.11	5.25^a
	2. Control	40.61	3.34^c	41.41	5.28^b
	Test F1	68.504		25.687
	p¹	<0.001		<0.001
Body muscle weight (kg)	Beginning	52.02	4.04^a	51.78	4.68^a	0.071	0.873
	1. Control	50.70	4.27^b	50.33	4.59^b
	2. Control	49.72	4.46^ab	49.14	4.48^c
	Test F1	4.228		19.226
	p¹	0.046		<0.001
Body water content (%)	Beginning	40.29	2.33^a	40.82	4.06^a	0.440	0.646
	1. Control	41.34	1.93^a	41.73	4.68^a
	2. Control	43.00	2.66^b	43.05	4.75^b
	Test F1	30.616		16.227
	p¹	<0.001		<0.001
Waist circumference (cm)	Beginning	110.62	6.76^a	109.00±	7.10^a	0.933	0.355
	1. Control	107.37	6.54^b	105.41	6.86^b
	2. Control	106.56	7.89^b	103.71	7.74^c
	Test F1	13.515		68.815
	p¹	0.002		<0.001
Hip circumference (cm)	Beginning	117.13	11.71^a	116.35	11.32^a	0.586	0.493
	1. Control	114.12	11.11^b	113.06	10.54^b
	2. Control	112.12	10.66^c	110.65	10.23^c
	Test F1	61.622		73.901
	p¹	<0.001		<0.001
Sleep quality score^ square root transformation applied. Different letters in the same row indicate difference; F1: analysis of variance for one-way repeated measures; F2: analysis of variance for two-way repeated measures, p<0.05.	Beginning	8.13	3.03^a	5,82	2,13^a	3.121	0.063
	1. Control	5.1	1.28^b	5.12	2.71^a
	2. Control	2.44	1.46^c	2.88	1.73^b
	Test F1	29.963		16.948
	p¹	<0.001		<0.001

Biochemical measurements	Times	AID Group		CD Group		Test F2	P²
Biochemical measurements	Times	Mean	SD	Mean	SD	Test F2	P²
Fasting blood glucose (mg/dL)	Beginning	94.06	5.45^a	91.41	7.27	1.766	0.179
	1. Control	92.87	4.30^ab	92.71	4.25
	2. Control	87.81	8.46^b	90.35	6.40
	Test F¹	5.341		0.787
	p¹	0.010		0.464
Triglycerides (mg/dL)^* *Logarithmic transformation was applied at base 10 by adding a constant value;	Beginning	126.00	27.27^a	123.41	28.67	1.155	0.322
	1. Control	114.29	25.40^ab	111.85	33.62
	2. Control	103.08	30.73^b	112.88	34.15
	Test F¹	4.671		2.623
	p¹	0.032		0.088
LDL-cholesterol (mg/dL)	Beginning	99.04	17.29^a	100.42	21.91	1.526	0.225
	1. Control	93.88	18.58^ab	97.96	21.90
	2. Control	86.90	16.59^b	96.65	22.22
	Test F¹	0.839		0.775
	p¹	0.013		0.469
Total cholesterol (mg/dL)	Beginning	170.12	18.62^a	173.65	25.92	1.339	0.269
	1. Control	162.09	23.47^ab	168.47	27.38
	2. Control	155.03	21.54^b	166.76	26.72
	Test F¹	6.691		2.761
	p¹	0.004		0.099
CRP (mg/l)^ square root transformation was applied;	Beginning	9.65	6.88^a	5.03	3.81	9.565	<0.001
	1. Control	6.59	6.04^b	4.25	3.71
	2. Control	4.14	3.67^b	4.30	4.16
	Test F¹	25.140		1.245
	p¹	<0.001		0.302
Leukocytes (10³/μl)	Beginning	7.69	2.63	7.01	1.37	0.316	0.680
	1. Control	7.26	1.90	6.91	1.20
	2. Control	7.67	2.11	6.96	1.40
	Test F¹	0.732		0.072
	p¹	0.489		0.931
Lymphocytes (10³/μl)	Beginning	2.15	0.71	2.27	0.82	0.177	0.788
	1. Control	2.14	0.48	2.22	0.41
	2. Control	2.35	0.46	2.34	0.53
	Test F¹	1.423		0.240
	p¹	0.255		0.788
Neutrophils (10³/μl)^* *logarithmic transformation applied at base 10. Different letters indicate difference. F1: analysis of variance for one-way repeated measures; F2: analysis of variance for two-way repeated measures, p<0.05.	Beginning	4.64	1.64	3.99	1.01	0.955	0.374
	1. Control	4.21	1.07	4.10	0.94
	2. Control	4.26	0.99	4.00	0.99
	Test F¹	0.405		0.601
	p¹	0.627		0.518

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[1] *Corresponding author: hakan.toguc@inonu.edu.tr