BACKGROUND: to determine if Medical Oaths from different times include the statement of the physician to request from patients a fair retribution for his/her medical services. METHODS: Fifty Medical Oaths found in articles and publications were analyzed. In accordance with their corresponding dates, the Oaths were grouped as ancient /medieval (12), and modern/contemporary (38). RESULTS: Of the fifty, only three specifically included the statement of fair retribution. Two of the three were medieval and belonged to the School of Medicine of Montpellier. The other text was modern (Amato Lusitano's Oath). Four writings showed statements regarding medical assistance to the poor. Eleven pledges indirectly stated that no earnings from other activities and/or relations were obtained. CONCLUSIONS: Ancient oaths emphasize fair retribution, no discrimination in medical assistance based on payment possibilities, and gain of honest earnings. Modern oaths generally do not include these topics and very few mention that the medical profession should not be exercised merely for material purposes. Despite the above, physicians should respect the limits of their obligations and should be committed to assist without discriminating, particularly without taking into consideration their patient's financial possibilities. Therefore their fees should not be excessive for the services rendered.
Medical oaths; Justice; Medical fees; Medical ethics
