Medindo a pobreza multidimensional do estado de Minas Gerais, Brasil: olhando para além da renda

Fahel, Murilo; Teles, Leticia Ribeiro

doi:10.1590/0034-7612154852

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Artigo • Rev. Adm. Pública 52 (3) • May-Jun 2018 • https://doi.org/10.1590/0034-7612154852 copiar

Medindo a pobreza multidimensional do estado de Minas Gerais, Brasil: olhando para além da renda

Autoria SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Resumo

O índice de pobreza multidimensional (IPM) foi desenvolvido pelo Oxford Poverty & Human Development Initiative (Ophi) em 2010. O IPM é constituído com indicadores de saúde, educação e padrão de vida. O conceito de multidimensionalidade está ancorado na teoria da pobreza e desenvolvimento humano elaborada pelo economista indiano Amartya Sen na década de 80. A metodologia utilizada para a modelagem deste estudo baseia-se em Alkire e Foster — AF (2011) e analisa a incidência e a intensidade da pobreza. O objetivo deste trabalho centra-se na aplicação do IPM ao estado de Minas Gerais, Brasil, e utiliza a Pesquisa por Amostra de Domicílios produzida pela Fundação João Pinheiro (FJP) em 2009, 2011 e 2013. Os resultados indicam que o IPM é relativamente baixo, sendo 0,0329 (2009), 0,0226 (2011) e 0,0155 (2013), indicando que há uma tendência de redução ao longo dos anos.

Palavras-chave:
índice de pobreza multidimensional; incidência; intensidade; Minas Gerais; Brasil.

Dimension	Dimension’s weight	Indicator	Indicator’s weight	Cutoff	Observation
Living Standards	33.33%	Electricity	05.56%	The household is considered deprived if it does not have access to electricity.	to The same as the Global MPI.
		Drinking Water	05.56%	The household is considered deprived if it does not have access to piped water in at least one room or if the water does not come from the distribution network or well/spring.	Similar to the Global MPI. Nevertheless, due to lack of data available, “access to piped water in at least one room” was used as a proxy for distances smaller than 30 minutes (return).
		Sanitation	05.56%	The household is deprived if the bathroom’s gully is not connected to the sewage or if the bathroom is shared.	The same as the Global MPI.
		Waste Treatment	05.56%	The household is deprived if there is no garbage collection service (e.g. it is burned or dumped on river).	This variable substitutes “resident flooring” so that the index more accurately represents the realities and challenges in Brazil.
		Cooking Fuel	05.56%	The household is deprived if it cooks with wood, charcoal or dung.	The same as the Global MPI.
		Asset Ownership	05.56%	The household is deprived if it does not have more than 1/3 of the items required (land line; cell phone; television; stove; fridge, freezer; desktop computer; laptop computer; bicycle) and does not have car or motorbike.	Similar to the Global MPI. Nevertheless, due to the lack of available data and also to more adequately represent the realities and challenges in Brazil, minor changes were made. It was decided that the residence should have e more than 3 out of the 9 items required (1/3) instead of 1 out of 6 (1/6 - Global MPI) of the items required. In addition, and the motorbike replaced the tractor.
Education	33.33%	Years of Schooling	16.67%	The household is considered deprived if none of the members, 16 or older , have completed 9 years of schooling (completed primary school).	Differs from the Global MPI as it considers 9 years instead of 5 (constitutes all of primary schooloing with the first stage of 5 years and second of 4).
Education	33.33%	School Attendance	16.67%	The household is considered deprived if at least one member, between the ages of 6 and 17, is not enrolled in school.	Differs from the Global MPI, as it considers 9 years of primary school (years 1 to 9) and 3 years of high school (years 1 to 3).
Health	33.33%	Child Mortality	16.67%	The household is considered deprived if any child, 5 years or younger, has died.	Proxy: There is no variable that includes all infant deaths. The number of deaths used corresponds to the last child born within the past 5 years.
Health	33.33%	Access to Health Care	16.67%	The household is considered deprived if at least one member has needed health care and has not been taken care of by an adequate professional or has not been taken care of because of barriers to health services , both within the last month.	This variable depends on personal perception. Due to the lack of the data available, the nutrition index has been replaced.

Fundação Getulio Vargas Fundaçãoo Getulio Vargas, Rua Jornalista Orlando Dantas, 30, CEP: 22231-010 / Rio de Janeiro-RJ Brasil, Tel.: +55 (21) 3083-2731 - Rio de Janeiro - RJ - Brazil
E-mail: rap@fgv.br

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[1] Murilo Fahel - Doutor em sociologia e política pela Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG). Pós-doutorado pela Universidade de Oxford. Professor e pesquisador da Escola de Governo da Fundação João Pinheiro. E-mail: murilo.fahel@fjp.mg.gov.br.