Cooperación intermunicipal basada en Institutional Collective Action: los efectos de los consorcios de salud pública en Brasil

Alex Bruno Ferreira Marques do Nascimento

Universidade Federal de Campina Grande/ Unidade Acadêmica de Gestão Pública; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Administração, Campina Grande / PB - Brazil

Antônio Sérgio Araújo Fernandes

. Universidade Federal da Bahia/ Escola de Administração, Núcleo de Pós-Graduação em Administração, Salvador/ BA- Brazil

Hironobu Sano

. Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte/ Departamento de Administração Pública e Gestão Social, Natal/ RN- Brazil

Eduardo Jose Grin

. Fundação Getulio Vargas / Escola de Administração de Empresas de São Paulo, São Paulo / SP - Brazil

Hugo Consciência Silvestre

. Universidade da Integração Internacional da Lusofonia Afro-Brasileira / Instituto de Ciências Sociais Aplicadas, Redenção / CE- Brazil

Alex Bruno Ferreira Marques do Nascimento - Doctor in Administration from Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN); Adjunct Professor at Federal University of Campina Grande (UFCG/CDSA/UAGESP) and Postgraduate Program in Administration (PPGA/UFCG). E-mail: alex.bruno@professor.ufcg.edu.br

Antônio Sérgio Araújo Fernandes - Ph.D. in Political Science from University of São Paulo (USP); Post Doctorate in Public Administration from University of Texas at Austin, Lyndon B. Johnson School of Public Affairs; Associate Professor at the Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), School of Administration, Postgraduate Center in Administration. E-mail: antoniosaf@ufba.br

Hironobu Sano - Ph.D. in Public Management and Government at Getulio Vargas Foundation (FGV EAESP); Associate professor at the Department of Public and Social Management at the Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN). E-mail: hironobu.sano@ufrn.br

Eduardo José Grin - Ph.D. in Public Administration and Government at Getulio Vargas Foundation (FGV EAESP); Professor from São Paulo School of Business Administration at Getulio Vargas Foundation (FGV EAESP). E-mail: eduardo.grin@fgv.br

Hugo Consciência Silvestre - Ph.D. in Administration Science, with specialization in Public Management at the University of Minho; Associate Professor from the Institute of Applied Social Sciences at the University of International Integration of Afro-Brazilian Lusofonia (UNILAB). E-mail hmcsilvestre@unilab.edu.br

Group	VAR	(1) outpatient	(2) outpatient	(3) outpatient
Differences in Differences	DID	79892,386	68455,274	134813,965**
Differences in Differences		(57401,891)	(56643,504)	(64040,772)
Demographic characteristics	pop	3,492**	3,604***	3,484**
		(1,422)	(1,327)	(1,367)
	PD/km²	975,674*	1098,273**	973,762*
		(536,160)	(522,613)	(533,634)
Economic characteristics	cap_GDP	-15659,366**	-14186,728*	-10856,764*
		(7848,367)	(8109,996)	(6550,369)
	GDP	0,406***	0,408***	0,402***
		(0,020)	(0,019)	(0,019)
Social characteristics	%poverty	-6733,788***	-9927,631***
		(2418,627)	(2805,055)
	unemployed	1686,876	2897,844
		(2044,886)	(2219,640)
	sanitation	-1,732	0,957
		(7,292)	(6,110)
Fiscal characteristics	fin_depend_	-782851,911		-100062,333
		(601707,771)		(647359,490)
	$cap_health	0,003		0,003
		(0,006)		(0,005)
	tax	1124318,137		1626147,344
		(1079771,981)		(1078661,764)
	pub_debt	-260745,702		-438736,677**
		(179936,126)		(200745,688)
Structure of political networks	other_consor	-83903,099		-77012,371
Structure of political networks		(82540,917)		(82545,612)
Political institutions	civil servants	-1,331		4,910
		(101,833)		(101,717)
	re-election	-8520,258		-10003,042
		(26335,524)		(26779,556)
	Constant	1471713,652*	723589,389***	1401301,836*
		(775155,250)	(243065,339)	(732011,248)
	Obs	1138	1138	1138
	R²	0,966	0,965	0,966
	Wald chi²	5838,91***	5953,05***	3323,12***

Group	VAR	(1) consultation	(2) consultation	(3) consultation
Differences in Differences	DID	8470,550**	6429,556*	8364,630**
Differences in Differences		(3535,982)	(3363,054)	(4120,295)
Demographic characteristics	pop	0,061*	0,038*	0,062
		(0,032)	(0,023)	(0,038)
	PD/km²	26,056***	27,740***	27,499***
		(9,636)	(9,640)	(10,520)
Economic characteristics	cap_GDP	-48,679	-70,759	-171,632
		(108,341)	(127,731)	(153,448)
	GDP	0,003***	0,003**	0,005***
		(0,001)	(0,001)	(0,001)
Social characteristics	%poverty	39,298	-23,024
		(103,548)	(117,727)
	unemployed	366,732	500,043
		(266,532)	(269,741)
	sanitation	1,450***	1,525***
		(0,378)	(0,540)
Fiscal characteristics	fin_depend_	-39903,742		-45393,923
		(28476,820)		(30032,886)
	$cap_health	0,000		0,000
		(0,000)		(0,000)
	tax	8745,869		20796,833
		(58434,360)		(60772,911)
	pub_debt	7513,308		16773,250
		(8538,873)		(10724,460)
Structure of political networks	other_consor	-5594,044		-5620,632
Structure of political networks		(4498,662)		(4967,641)
Political institutions	civil servants	-8,629		-8,910
		(5,711)		(6,316)
	re-election	-1601,902		-1509,637
		(2576,943)		(2794,573)
	Constant	22853,828	-9830,239	44444,626
		(41990,182)	(22198,974)	(31371,310)
	Obs	1138	1138	1138
	R²	0,832	0,827	0,823
	Wald chi²	1328,7***	1366,2***	3320,3***

Group	VAR	(1) infant_death	(2) infant_death	(3) infant_death
Differences in Differences	DID	-1,709**	-1,399	-2,124***
Differences in Differences		(0,847)	(0,899)	(0,804)
Demographic characteristics	pop	21,068***	22,143***	22,456***
		(3,535)	(4,226)	(3,586)
	PD/km²	0,063**	0,071**	0,064**
		(0,026)	(0,033)	(0,028)
Economic characteristics	cap_GDP	-0,290	-0,279	-0,271
		(0,212)	(0,183)	(0,189)
	GDP	-2,397*	-2,574**	-3,301***
		(1,456)	(1,223)	(1,062)
Social characteristics	%poverty	0,088	0,068
		(0,056)	(0,056)
	unemployed	0,071	0,053
		(0,048)	(0,046)
	sanitation	-0,000	-0,000
		(0,000)	(0,000)
Fiscal characteristics	fin_depend_	4,827		7,034
		(16,179)		(16,362)
	$cap_health	-0,000		-0,000
		(0,000)		(0,000)
	tax	10,580		10,352
		(29,259)		(31,156)
	pub_debt	11,840**		10,576***
		(5,285)		(4,079)
Structure of political networks	other_consor	1,508		1,265
Structure of political networks		(2,184)		(2,096)
Political institutions	civil servants	0,015		0,014
		(0,009)		(0,007)
	re-election	-0,993		-0,908
		(0,859)		(0,781)
	Constant	-196,360***	-186,386***	-189,957***
		(38,949)	(35,864)	(40,843)
	Obs	1.138	1.138	1.138
	R²	0,575	0,404	0,567
	Wald chi²	291,60***	144,78***	210,21***

Brasil