FRUIT AND SEED BIOMETRY AND SEEDLING MORPHOLOGY OF <i>Parkia discolor</i> (Spruce ex Benth.)<sup>1</sup>

Pereira, Sammy Aquino; Ferreira, Sidney Alberto do Nascimento

doi:10.1590/1806-90882017000200006

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Article • Rev. Árvore 41 (2) • 2017 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1806-90882017000200006 linkcopy

FRUIT AND SEED BIOMETRY AND SEEDLING MORPHOLOGY OF Parkia discolor (Spruce ex Benth.)¹

BIOMETRIA DO FRUTO E DA SEMENTE E MORFOLOGIA DA PLÂNTULA DE Parkia discolor (Spruce ex Benth.)

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

Parkia discolor (Spruce ex Benth.) is a species of floodplain forest permanently flooded, mainly used in folk medicine and with economic potential. The purpose of this study was to estimate the biometric characteristics of fruits and seeds of Parkia discolor and describe the morphology and development of its seedlings and young plants. On average, fruits have shown the following dimensions: 18.45 cm long with pedicel, 13.25 cm long without pedicel, 4.4 cm wide and 0.66 cm thick mass of 11.91 g. The seeds have shown 1.73 cm long, 0.68 cm wide and 0.39 cm thick mass of 0.38 g. A thousand seeds mass was estimated to be 361.15 g and the number of seeds per kilogram was 2769. The fruits and seeds of these species are preyed by insects of the families Scolytidae, Nitidulidae, Cerambycidae and Bruchidae. Germination is epigeal - phanerocotylar; the seedling presents hypocotyl herbaceous, sessile cotyledons, based split, eophyll compound, paripinnatus with 1-3 pairs of leaflets, most 2 pairs, with the insertion of a spherical gland leaflets, bright green. The young plant has a woody base with 5 eophylls, alternate and presents between 21-26 pairs of foliolums. The use of plastic bags of 900 cm³ was more proper than using a styrofoam tray with "cell" of 125 cm³ for the development of the plants during the period of three months.

Keywords: Biometric characteristics; Morphological studies; Fabaceae

Table 1 Biometry of fruits and seeds of Parkia discolor harvested in the Sustainable Development Reserve Tupé, in Manaus (AM).

Variables	Means (+/-DP)	Maximum	Minimum
Fruits
Width (cm)	4,40 (0,53)	5,76	3,08
Tickness (cm)	0,66 (0,10)	0,98	0,46
Length w/pedicel (cm)	18,45 (3,41)	27,00	12,00
Length w/o pedicel (cm)	13,25 (2,56)	19,50	9,00
Mass (g)	11,91 (3,46)	20,40	4,51
Number of seeds per fruit	12,93 (2,75)	19,00	6,00
Number of holes per fruit	1,12 (1,49)	8,00	0
N of predated seeds /fruit	3,24 (3,92)	15,00	0
Seeds
Width (cm)	0,68 (0,08)	0,92	0,52
Thickness (cm)	0,39 (0,06)	0,55	0,28
Length (cm)	1,73 (0,16)	2,09	1,34
Mass (g)	0,38 (0,08)	0,88	0,19

Table 2 Mean Time (TM) for the seedling and young plant Parkia discolor achieves the different stages of development and the same height when the main stages were achieved, under cultivation in recipients, plastic bags and styrofoam plantagil tray. (SD = + / - standard deviation).

Development	Plastic bags (900 cm³)		Plantagil tray("cell", 125 cm³)
	TM (DP) (days)	Height (DP) (cm)	TM (DP) (days)	Height (DP) (cm)
Protrusion of primary root	6,2 (2,3)	-	5,6 (1,2)	-
Developed Hipocotyl	6,8 (2,0)	-	7,4 (1,1)	-
Emergence of 1st eophyll	8,7 (2,8)	-	8,1 (2,8)	-
1st eophyl expanded	11,7 (2,4)	12,7 (2,0)	13,6 (1,2)	11,8 (2,2)
Fall of cotyledons	14,8 (0,9)	-	14,6 (0,6)	-
Emergence of 2nd eophyll	17,9 (3,3)	-	17,3 (5,0)	-
2nd eophyll expanded	30,7 (3,8)	17,3 (2,3)	31,0 (6,4)	16,5 (2,5)
Emergence of 3rd eophyll	34,2 (4,6)	-	33,9 (3,9)	-
3rd eophyll expanded	53,6 (3,5)	22,2 (2,6)	53,9 (4,0)	21,1 (3,6)
Emergence of 4th eophyll	61,3 (3,1)	-	60,1 (2,6)	-
4th eophyll expanded	75,0 (4,3)	26,7 (3,4)	78,3 (6,4)	25,3 (3,7)
Emergence of 5th eophyll	81,1 (6,7)	-	-	-
5th eophyll expanded	88,4 (4,5)	32,1 (3,3)	-	-

Table 3 Height, dry matter (leaves, stem and root), the ratio shoot / root ratio and leaf mass related to the young plant (seedling) Parkia discolor after three months of development in plastic bag and type plantagil tray under shading nursery with 50% in Manaus (AM).

Recipient	Height(cm)	Dry matter (g)			Ratio part	Ratio
		leaves	stem	root	aerial/radicular	foliar mass
					system
Styrofoam tray ("cell", 125 cm3)	25,19 b	0,22	0,56 b	0,28	2,8 b	0,21
Plastic Bag(900 cm3)	28,16 a	0,26	0,78 a	0,23	4,4 a	0,21
C.V. (%)	4,63	12,82	13,90	14,23	5,98	4,76

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Sociedade de Investigações Florestais Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Departamento de Engenharia Florestal, Avenida Purdue, s/nº - Campus Universitário UFV, CEP: 36570-900, Tel.: (+55 31) 3612-3959 - Viçosa - MG - Brazil
E-mail: rarvore@sif.org.br

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[TFN1] Note: Means followed by different letters, in column, differ significantly with each other by Tukey test to the level of 5% of probability.

FRUIT AND SEED BIOMETRY AND SEEDLING MORPHOLOGY OF Parkia discolor (Spruce ex Benth.)1

BIOMETRIA DO FRUTO E DA SEMENTE E MORFOLOGIA DA PLÂNTULA DE Parkia discolor (Spruce ex Benth.)

ABSTRACT

FRUIT AND SEED BIOMETRY AND SEEDLING MORPHOLOGY OF Parkia discolor (Spruce ex Benth.)¹