NITROGEN SOURCES AND DOSES ON GROWTH AND QUALITY OF SEEDLINGS OF Cassia grandis AND Peltophorum dubium 1

Soares, Cássia Barreto; Freitas, Eliane Cristina Sampaio de; Paiva, Haroldo Nogueira de; Neves, Júlio César Lima

doi:10.1590/1806-90882017000200014

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Articles • Rev. Árvore 41 (2) • 2017 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1806-90882017000200014 copy

NITROGEN SOURCES AND DOSES ON GROWTH AND QUALITY OF SEEDLINGS OF Cassia grandis AND Peltophorum dubium ¹

FONTES E DOSES DE NITROGÊNIO NO CRESCIMENTO E QUALIDADE DE MUDAS DE Cassia grandis E Peltophorum dubium

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

The demand for seedlings of Brazilian native tree species has increased due to the growing number of recovery projects for degraded areas. In order to obtain success in the revegetation, high quality seedlings should be used. Among the factors that affect the quality of seedlings there is nitrogen fertilization, since nitrogen (N) is one of the nutrients required in the largest amount by plants. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the response of Cassia grandis and Peltophorum dubium seedlings to N sources and doses. The treatments were represented by a factorial of three sources (ammonium nitrate, calcium nitrate and ammonium sulfate) by five N doses (0, 50, 100, 150 and 200 mg dm^-3), arranged in randomized complete block design, with four replicates. After 145 days of sowing, were obtained: height (H), collar diameter (CD), shoot dry matter (SDM), root dry matter (RDM), total dry matter (TDM), and calculated the dry matter mass ratio of shoot and root (SDM/RDM) and the Dickson Quality Index (DQI). Nitrogen fertilization resulted in growth gains and improved the seedlings quality of both species. However, the sources and the source × doses interaction were not significant for all variables. For the studied substrate (Red-Yellow Latosol) the recommended dose is 185 mg dm^-3 of N for the production of Peltophorum dubium seedlings. For the production of Cassia grandis seedlings was not able to find the optimum dose of N.

Keywords:
Plants nutrition; Seedling production; Nitrogen fertilization

Table 1 Chemical analysis of soil samples (Red-Yellow Latosol) used for the seedlings production of Cassia grandis and Peltophorum dubium.

pH	P	K		Al³⁺	Ca²⁺	Mg²⁺	H+Al	SB	CEC(t)	CEC(T)		BS	m	OM
H₂O	-mg dm^-3-			------------cmol_c dm^-3-----------								--(%)--		dag kg^-1
4.79	0.70	6.00		0.92	0.11	0.01	3.93	0.14	1.06	4.04		3.5	86.80	1.66

Table 2 Summary of analysis of variance of the characteristics and relations studied in seedlings of Cassia grandis, valued at 145 days after sowing.

Source	df	Mean square
		H	CD	SDM	RDM	TDM	SDM/RDM	DQI
Block	3	39.25^ns ns Non-significant at 5% probability by the test F. H - shoot height (cm); CD - collar diameter (mm); SDM - shoot dry matter mass (g); RDM - root dry matter mass (g); TDM - total dry matter mass (g); SDM/RDM - dry matter mass ratio of shoot and root; DQI - Dickson Quality Index.	0.711^ns ns Non-significant at 5% probability by the test F. H - shoot height (cm); CD - collar diameter (mm); SDM - shoot dry matter mass (g); RDM - root dry matter mass (g); TDM - total dry matter mass (g); SDM/RDM - dry matter mass ratio of shoot and root; DQI - Dickson Quality Index.	6.524^ns ns Non-significant at 5% probability by the test F. H - shoot height (cm); CD - collar diameter (mm); SDM - shoot dry matter mass (g); RDM - root dry matter mass (g); TDM - total dry matter mass (g); SDM/RDM - dry matter mass ratio of shoot and root; DQI - Dickson Quality Index.	18.313 ^ns ns Non-significant at 5% probability by the test F. H - shoot height (cm); CD - collar diameter (mm); SDM - shoot dry matter mass (g); RDM - root dry matter mass (g); TDM - total dry matter mass (g); SDM/RDM - dry matter mass ratio of shoot and root; DQI - Dickson Quality Index.	36.10^ns ns Non-significant at 5% probability by the test F. H - shoot height (cm); CD - collar diameter (mm); SDM - shoot dry matter mass (g); RDM - root dry matter mass (g); TDM - total dry matter mass (g); SDM/RDM - dry matter mass ratio of shoot and root; DQI - Dickson Quality Index.	0.140 ^ns ns Non-significant at 5% probability by the test F. H - shoot height (cm); CD - collar diameter (mm); SDM - shoot dry matter mass (g); RDM - root dry matter mass (g); TDM - total dry matter mass (g); SDM/RDM - dry matter mass ratio of shoot and root; DQI - Dickson Quality Index.	1.349 ^ns ns Non-significant at 5% probability by the test F. H - shoot height (cm); CD - collar diameter (mm); SDM - shoot dry matter mass (g); RDM - root dry matter mass (g); TDM - total dry matter mass (g); SDM/RDM - dry matter mass ratio of shoot and root; DQI - Dickson Quality Index.
Sources (S)	2	75.19 ^ns ns Non-significant at 5% probability by the test F. H - shoot height (cm); CD - collar diameter (mm); SDM - shoot dry matter mass (g); RDM - root dry matter mass (g); TDM - total dry matter mass (g); SDM/RDM - dry matter mass ratio of shoot and root; DQI - Dickson Quality Index.	0.300 ^ns ns Non-significant at 5% probability by the test F. H - shoot height (cm); CD - collar diameter (mm); SDM - shoot dry matter mass (g); RDM - root dry matter mass (g); TDM - total dry matter mass (g); SDM/RDM - dry matter mass ratio of shoot and root; DQI - Dickson Quality Index.	15.234 ^ns ns Non-significant at 5% probability by the test F. H - shoot height (cm); CD - collar diameter (mm); SDM - shoot dry matter mass (g); RDM - root dry matter mass (g); TDM - total dry matter mass (g); SDM/RDM - dry matter mass ratio of shoot and root; DQI - Dickson Quality Index.	6.629 ^ns ns Non-significant at 5% probability by the test F. H - shoot height (cm); CD - collar diameter (mm); SDM - shoot dry matter mass (g); RDM - root dry matter mass (g); TDM - total dry matter mass (g); SDM/RDM - dry matter mass ratio of shoot and root; DQI - Dickson Quality Index.	34.32 ^ns ns Non-significant at 5% probability by the test F. H - shoot height (cm); CD - collar diameter (mm); SDM - shoot dry matter mass (g); RDM - root dry matter mass (g); TDM - total dry matter mass (g); SDM/RDM - dry matter mass ratio of shoot and root; DQI - Dickson Quality Index.	0.035^ns ns Non-significant at 5% probability by the test F. H - shoot height (cm); CD - collar diameter (mm); SDM - shoot dry matter mass (g); RDM - root dry matter mass (g); TDM - total dry matter mass (g); SDM/RDM - dry matter mass ratio of shoot and root; DQI - Dickson Quality Index.	0.480 ^ns ns Non-significant at 5% probability by the test F. H - shoot height (cm); CD - collar diameter (mm); SDM - shoot dry matter mass (g); RDM - root dry matter mass (g); TDM - total dry matter mass (g); SDM/RDM - dry matter mass ratio of shoot and root; DQI - Dickson Quality Index.
Doses (D)	4	1727.21^ and * Significant at 1% and 5% probability, respectively, by the test F.	19.402^ and * Significant at 1% and 5% probability, respectively, by the test F.	266.110^ and * Significant at 1% and 5% probability, respectively, by the test F.	122.323^ and * Significant at 1% and 5% probability, respectively, by the test F.	725.21^ and * Significant at 1% and 5% probability, respectively, by the test F.	0.983^ and * Significant at 1% and 5% probability, respectively, by the test F.	8.602^ and * Significant at 1% and 5% probability, respectively, by the test F.
S x D	8	45.43 ^ns ns Non-significant at 5% probability by the test F. H - shoot height (cm); CD - collar diameter (mm); SDM - shoot dry matter mass (g); RDM - root dry matter mass (g); TDM - total dry matter mass (g); SDM/RDM - dry matter mass ratio of shoot and root; DQI - Dickson Quality Index.	0.544 ^ns ns Non-significant at 5% probability by the test F. H - shoot height (cm); CD - collar diameter (mm); SDM - shoot dry matter mass (g); RDM - root dry matter mass (g); TDM - total dry matter mass (g); SDM/RDM - dry matter mass ratio of shoot and root; DQI - Dickson Quality Index.	4.553 ^ns ns Non-significant at 5% probability by the test F. H - shoot height (cm); CD - collar diameter (mm); SDM - shoot dry matter mass (g); RDM - root dry matter mass (g); TDM - total dry matter mass (g); SDM/RDM - dry matter mass ratio of shoot and root; DQI - Dickson Quality Index.	19.275 ^ns ns Non-significant at 5% probability by the test F. H - shoot height (cm); CD - collar diameter (mm); SDM - shoot dry matter mass (g); RDM - root dry matter mass (g); TDM - total dry matter mass (g); SDM/RDM - dry matter mass ratio of shoot and root; DQI - Dickson Quality Index.	34.00 ^ns ns Non-significant at 5% probability by the test F. H - shoot height (cm); CD - collar diameter (mm); SDM - shoot dry matter mass (g); RDM - root dry matter mass (g); TDM - total dry matter mass (g); SDM/RDM - dry matter mass ratio of shoot and root; DQI - Dickson Quality Index.	0.214^ns ns Non-significant at 5% probability by the test F. H - shoot height (cm); CD - collar diameter (mm); SDM - shoot dry matter mass (g); RDM - root dry matter mass (g); TDM - total dry matter mass (g); SDM/RDM - dry matter mass ratio of shoot and root; DQI - Dickson Quality Index.	1.334 ^ns ns Non-significant at 5% probability by the test F. H - shoot height (cm); CD - collar diameter (mm); SDM - shoot dry matter mass (g); RDM - root dry matter mass (g); TDM - total dry matter mass (g); SDM/RDM - dry matter mass ratio of shoot and root; DQI - Dickson Quality Index.
Error	42	28.83	0.534	7.011	17.648	40.48	0.171	1.166
CV %		32.54	19.53	51.95	53.82	49.35	44.16	44.85

Table 3 Summary of analysis of variance of the characteristics and relations studied in seedlings of Peltophorum dubium, valued at 145 days after sowing.

Source	df	Mean square
		H	CD	SDM	RDM	TDM	SDM/RDM	DQI
Block	3	75.12^ns ns Non significant at 5 % probability by the test F. H - shoot height (cm); CD - collar diameter (mm); SDM - shoot dry matter mass (g); RDM - root dry matter mass (g); TDM - total dry matter mass (g); SDM/RDM - dry matter mass ratio of shoot and root; DQI - Dickson Quality Index.	0.430^ns ns Non significant at 5 % probability by the test F. H - shoot height (cm); CD - collar diameter (mm); SDM - shoot dry matter mass (g); RDM - root dry matter mass (g); TDM - total dry matter mass (g); SDM/RDM - dry matter mass ratio of shoot and root; DQI - Dickson Quality Index.	39.04^ns ns Non significant at 5 % probability by the test F. H - shoot height (cm); CD - collar diameter (mm); SDM - shoot dry matter mass (g); RDM - root dry matter mass (g); TDM - total dry matter mass (g); SDM/RDM - dry matter mass ratio of shoot and root; DQI - Dickson Quality Index.	15.724 ^ns ns Non significant at 5 % probability by the test F. H - shoot height (cm); CD - collar diameter (mm); SDM - shoot dry matter mass (g); RDM - root dry matter mass (g); TDM - total dry matter mass (g); SDM/RDM - dry matter mass ratio of shoot and root; DQI - Dickson Quality Index.	96.87^ns ns Non significant at 5 % probability by the test F. H - shoot height (cm); CD - collar diameter (mm); SDM - shoot dry matter mass (g); RDM - root dry matter mass (g); TDM - total dry matter mass (g); SDM/RDM - dry matter mass ratio of shoot and root; DQI - Dickson Quality Index.	0.082 ^ns ns Non significant at 5 % probability by the test F. H - shoot height (cm); CD - collar diameter (mm); SDM - shoot dry matter mass (g); RDM - root dry matter mass (g); TDM - total dry matter mass (g); SDM/RDM - dry matter mass ratio of shoot and root; DQI - Dickson Quality Index.	6.128 ^ns ns Non significant at 5 % probability by the test F. H - shoot height (cm); CD - collar diameter (mm); SDM - shoot dry matter mass (g); RDM - root dry matter mass (g); TDM - total dry matter mass (g); SDM/RDM - dry matter mass ratio of shoot and root; DQI - Dickson Quality Index.
Sources (S)	2	38.61^ns ns Non significant at 5 % probability by the test F. H - shoot height (cm); CD - collar diameter (mm); SDM - shoot dry matter mass (g); RDM - root dry matter mass (g); TDM - total dry matter mass (g); SDM/RDM - dry matter mass ratio of shoot and root; DQI - Dickson Quality Index.	0.478^ns ns Non significant at 5 % probability by the test F. H - shoot height (cm); CD - collar diameter (mm); SDM - shoot dry matter mass (g); RDM - root dry matter mass (g); TDM - total dry matter mass (g); SDM/RDM - dry matter mass ratio of shoot and root; DQI - Dickson Quality Index.	20.35^ns ns Non significant at 5 % probability by the test F. H - shoot height (cm); CD - collar diameter (mm); SDM - shoot dry matter mass (g); RDM - root dry matter mass (g); TDM - total dry matter mass (g); SDM/RDM - dry matter mass ratio of shoot and root; DQI - Dickson Quality Index.	6.577^ns ns Non significant at 5 % probability by the test F. H - shoot height (cm); CD - collar diameter (mm); SDM - shoot dry matter mass (g); RDM - root dry matter mass (g); TDM - total dry matter mass (g); SDM/RDM - dry matter mass ratio of shoot and root; DQI - Dickson Quality Index.	24.34^ns ns Non significant at 5 % probability by the test F. H - shoot height (cm); CD - collar diameter (mm); SDM - shoot dry matter mass (g); RDM - root dry matter mass (g); TDM - total dry matter mass (g); SDM/RDM - dry matter mass ratio of shoot and root; DQI - Dickson Quality Index.	0.890^ns ns Non significant at 5 % probability by the test F. H - shoot height (cm); CD - collar diameter (mm); SDM - shoot dry matter mass (g); RDM - root dry matter mass (g); TDM - total dry matter mass (g); SDM/RDM - dry matter mass ratio of shoot and root; DQI - Dickson Quality Index.	0.661^ns ns Non significant at 5 % probability by the test F. H - shoot height (cm); CD - collar diameter (mm); SDM - shoot dry matter mass (g); RDM - root dry matter mass (g); TDM - total dry matter mass (g); SDM/RDM - dry matter mass ratio of shoot and root; DQI - Dickson Quality Index.
Doses (D)	4	421.56^ and * Significant at 1 % and 5 % probability, respectively, by the test F.	22.763^ and * Significant at 1 % and 5 % probability, respectively, by the test F.	270.11^ and * Significant at 1 % and 5 % probability, respectively, by the test F.	186.567^ and * Significant at 1 % and 5 % probability, respectively, by the test F.	867.94^ and * Significant at 1 % and 5 % probability, respectively, by the test F.	0.220^ns ns Non significant at 5 % probability by the test F. H - shoot height (cm); CD - collar diameter (mm); SDM - shoot dry matter mass (g); RDM - root dry matter mass (g); TDM - total dry matter mass (g); SDM/RDM - dry matter mass ratio of shoot and root; DQI - Dickson Quality Index.	37.884^ and * Significant at 1 % and 5 % probability, respectively, by the test F.
S x R	8	11.26^ns ns Non significant at 5 % probability by the test F. H - shoot height (cm); CD - collar diameter (mm); SDM - shoot dry matter mass (g); RDM - root dry matter mass (g); TDM - total dry matter mass (g); SDM/RDM - dry matter mass ratio of shoot and root; DQI - Dickson Quality Index.	1.821^ns ns Non significant at 5 % probability by the test F. H - shoot height (cm); CD - collar diameter (mm); SDM - shoot dry matter mass (g); RDM - root dry matter mass (g); TDM - total dry matter mass (g); SDM/RDM - dry matter mass ratio of shoot and root; DQI - Dickson Quality Index.	18.72^ns ns Non significant at 5 % probability by the test F. H - shoot height (cm); CD - collar diameter (mm); SDM - shoot dry matter mass (g); RDM - root dry matter mass (g); TDM - total dry matter mass (g); SDM/RDM - dry matter mass ratio of shoot and root; DQI - Dickson Quality Index.	24.375^ns ns Non significant at 5 % probability by the test F. H - shoot height (cm); CD - collar diameter (mm); SDM - shoot dry matter mass (g); RDM - root dry matter mass (g); TDM - total dry matter mass (g); SDM/RDM - dry matter mass ratio of shoot and root; DQI - Dickson Quality Index.	75.28^ns ns Non significant at 5 % probability by the test F. H - shoot height (cm); CD - collar diameter (mm); SDM - shoot dry matter mass (g); RDM - root dry matter mass (g); TDM - total dry matter mass (g); SDM/RDM - dry matter mass ratio of shoot and root; DQI - Dickson Quality Index.	0.414^ns ns Non significant at 5 % probability by the test F. H - shoot height (cm); CD - collar diameter (mm); SDM - shoot dry matter mass (g); RDM - root dry matter mass (g); TDM - total dry matter mass (g); SDM/RDM - dry matter mass ratio of shoot and root; DQI - Dickson Quality Index.	4.315^ns ns Non significant at 5 % probability by the test F. H - shoot height (cm); CD - collar diameter (mm); SDM - shoot dry matter mass (g); RDM - root dry matter mass (g); TDM - total dry matter mass (g); SDM/RDM - dry matter mass ratio of shoot and root; DQI - Dickson Quality Index.
Error	42	43.81	1.824	29.16	18.804	70.78	0.394	5.036
CV %		24.35	16.36	47.37	43.50	41.88	50.82	54.07

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