EDGE EFFECT ON CHEMICAL ATTRIBUTES OF SOIL IN A SEASONAL FOREST

Barreto-Garcia, Patrícia Anjos Bittencourt; Scoriza, Rafael Nogueira; Paula, Alessandro de

doi:10.1590/1806-90882019000100009

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Article • Rev. Árvore 43 (1) • 2019 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1806-90882019000100009 copy

EDGE EFFECT ON CHEMICAL ATTRIBUTES OF SOIL IN A SEASONAL FOREST

EFEITO DE BORDA SOBRE ATRIBUTOS QUÍMICOS DO SOLO EM FLORESTA ESTACIONAL

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

The magnitude of changes in soil attributes can be used to identify the effects of natural or anthropogenic interference on forest fragments. The objective of this work was to evaluate the chemical attributes of the soil as indicators of the edge effect at a Seasonal Semi-deciduous Forest fragment in the Southwest of Bahia, Brazil. Four sampling ranges were defined in the forest fragment (Range 1: 0-10m; Range 2: 40-50 m; Range 3: 80-90 m; and Range 4: 400-410 m from the edge). A degraded native pasture area was used as the reference. Soil samples were collected at depths of 0-5, 5-10 and 10-20 cm. The samples were analyzed for pH and organic matter, P, K, Ca, Mg and Al. The superficial layer of the soil was sensitive to the changes imposed by the fragmentation, reflecting modifications in some of its chemical attributes up to a distance of 90 m from the edge towards the interior of the fragment, with more severe effects in the first 10 meters. Soil organic matter, potential acidity, CEC and pH were the most affected attributes, evidencing a gradient of variation in the edge-interior direction.

Keywords:
Soil fertility; Organic matter; Atlantic forest

Tabela 1 Espécies mais comuns em quatro faixas de amostragem de um fragmento de Floresta Estacional Semidecidual.

Family	Species	Dec⁽¹⁾ (1) Dec = deciduousness, SD = semi-deciduous, D = deciduous, PN = perennial, EG = ecological group, P = pioneer, S = secondary, L = late, Ref = bibliographic reference, A = Lorenzi (1992); B = Lorenzi (1998); C = Lorenzi (2009), Ranges 1, 2, 3 and 4 = 0-10 m, 40-50 m, 80-90 m and 400-410 m from the edge, respectively.	EG	Ref	Range
Family	Species		EG	Ref	1	2	3	4
Anacardiaceae	Astronium graveolens Jacq.	D	P	A				X
Boraginaceae	Patagonula bahiensis Moric.	D	S	B	X
Euphorbiaceae	Sapium glandulatum (Vell.) Pax	D	P	A	X	X	X	X
Fabaceae	Machaerium acutifolium Vogel	SD	P	A		X
Fabaceae	Machaerium brasiliense Vogel	SD	S	B	X	X
Anacardiaceae	Astronium graveolens Jacq.	D	P	A				X
Fabaceae	Machaerium fulvovenosum Lima	SD	S	B		X	X
Fabaceae	Machaerium nyctitans (Vell.) Benth.	SD	P	A	X	X
Fabaceae	Platypodium elegans Vogel	SD	P	A	X
Fabaceae	Pseudopiptadenia contorta (DC.) G. P. Lewis & M.P. Lima	PN	P	C	X	X	X
Rutaceae	Metrodorea mollis Caub.	PN	L				X	X

Tabela 2 Parâmetros da estrutura da vegetação em quatro faixas de amostragem de um fragmento de Floresta Estacional Semidecidual.

Range⁽¹⁾ (1) Ranges 1, 2, 3 and 4 = 0-10, 40-50, 80-90 and 400-410 m from the edge, respectively. AD = absolute density, TBA = total basal area and H = mean height of the trees.	AD (nind/ha)	TBA (m²/ha)	H(m)
1	1650	1,168	7,4
2	1550	1,367	7,7
3	1370	1,369	8,2
4	1060	1,379	8,4

Tabela 3 Atributos químicos do solo no gradiente pasto-borda-interior de fragmento de floresta estacional semidecidual.

	pH	P	K⁺	Ca²⁺	Mg²⁺	H⁺+Al³⁺	SB	CEC	SOM
		mg dm^-3			cmolc dm^-3 of soil				g dm-3
					0 - 5 cm
Pasture	6.3 a	5.0 a	0.15 a	2.6 b	1.40 a	1.9 d	4.2 a	5.8 d	29.0 c
Range 1 ⁽¹⁾ (1) Ranges 1, 2, 3 and 4 = 0-10 m, 40-50 m, 80-90 m and 400-410 m from the edge, respectively. SB = Sum of bases, CEC = Cation Exchange Capacity, SOM = Soil Organic Matter. Equal letters in the column do not diff er by the Scott-Knott test at 5% significance.	5.6 b	2.7 b	0.16 a	2.2 b	1.07 a	3.3 c	3.4 a	6.7 c	36.7 b
Range 2	5.1 c	1.0 b	0.13 b	3.0 a	1.20 a	4.1 b	4.3 a	8.5 b	54.3 a
Range 3	5.0 c	1.0 b	0.11 c	3.1 a	1.07 a	4.0 b	4.3 a	8.4 b	51.3 a
Range 4	4.6 d	2.3 b	0.15 a	2.5 b	1.23 a	6.2 a	3.9 a	10.1 a	54.7 a
					5 - 10 cm
Pasture	6.0 a	2.0 a	0.13 a	1.9 a	0.77 a	2.1 c	2.8 a	4.9 c	21.0 b
Range 1	5.0 b	1.3 b	0.14 a	1.0 c	0.73 a	3.9 b	1.9 b	5.7 b	23.0 b
Range 2	4.8 b	1.0 b	0.08 b	0.8 c	0.50 b	4.3 b	1.4 c	5.8 b	25.7 b
Range 3	4.9 b	1.0 b	0.07 b	1.2 b	0.63 b	4.0 b	1.9 b	6.0 b	25.7 b
Range 4	4.4 c	2.0 a	0.08 b	0.9 c	0.53 b	5.8 a	1.5 c	7.3 a	31.3 a
					10 - 20 cm
Pasture	5.7 a	2.0 a	0.10 b	1.6 a	0.63 a	2.3 c	2.3 a	4.6 c	15.5 b
Range 1	4.8 b	1.0 a	0.13 a	0.7 b	0.50 a	3.9 b	1.3 b	5.2 b	18.3 a
Range 2	4.5 c	1.0 a	0.07 c	0.5 b	0.47 a	4.2 b	1.1 b	5.3 b	19.0 a
Range 3	4.6 c	1.0 a	0.05 c	0.6 b	0.37 a	4.0 b	1.0 b	4.9 c	18.3 a
Range 4	4.2 d	2.0 a	0.05 c	0.4 b	0.37 a	5.0 a	0.8 b	5.9 a	19.3 a

Tabela 4 Coeficientes de correlação entre variáveis da vegetação e atributos químicos do solo.

	pH	P	K⁺	Ca²⁺	Mg²⁺	H⁺+Al³⁺	SB	CEC	SOM
					0-5 cm
AD ⁽¹⁾ (1) AD = absolute density, SB = Sum of bases, CEC = Cation Exchange Capacity, TBA = total basal area, H = mean height of the trees, SOM = Soil Organic Matter.	0.89*	-0.06	0.06	-0.07	-0.52	-0.91*	-0.20	-0.88*	-0.61
TBA	-0.84*	-0.64*	-0.61*	0.71*	0.55	0.59	0.83*	0.82*	0.92*
H	-0.89*	-0.21	-0.35	0.32	0.36	0.77*	0.44	0.84*	0.70*
SOM	-0.71*	-0.3	-0.43	0.64*	0.52	0.63*	0.72*	0.84*	-
					5-10 cm
AD	0.86*	0.58	0.56	-0.01	0.46	-0.84*	0.29	-0.92*	-0.91*
TBA	-0.57	-0.63*	-0.95*	-0.10	-0.81*	0.46	-0.54	0.45	0.61*
H	-0.70*	-0.73*	-0.74*	0.20	-0.45	0.65*	-0.17	0.76*	0.80*
SOM	-0.77*	0.62*	-0.51	-0.1	-0.32	0.48	-0.27	0.70*	-
					10-20 cm
AD	0.85*	-0.85*	0.72*	0.75*	0.83*	-0.84*	0.63*	-0.63*	-0.60
TBA	-0.72*	0.34	-0.93*	-0.77*	-0.70*	0.50	-0.79*	0.24	0.59
H	-0.75*	0.55	-0.86*	-0.66*	-0.94*	0.57	-0.92*	0.40	0.46
SOM	-0.53*	0.33	-0.19	0.11	0.31	0.42	0.17	0.59*	-

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