CHEMICAL AND ENERGETIC CHARACTERIZATION OF <i>Eucalyptus grandis × Eucalyptus urophylla</i> CLONES SUBJECT TO WIND DAMAGE

Zanuncio, Antonio José Vinha; Carvalho, Amélia Guimarães; Carneiro, Angelica de Cassia Oliveira; Colodette, Jorge Luiz; Rocha, Maria Fernanda Vieira

doi:10.1590/1806-90882019000400001

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Article • Rev. Árvore 43 (4) • 2019 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1806-90882019000400001 copy

CHEMICAL AND ENERGETIC CHARACTERIZATION OF Eucalyptus grandis × Eucalyptus urophylla CLONES SUBJECT TO WIND DAMAGE

CARACTERIZAÇÃO QUÍMICA E ENERGÉTICA DE CLONES DE Eucalyptus grandis × Eucalyptus urophylla SUJEITOS A DANOS PELOS VENTOS

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

Wind damages are common in forest plantations and the use of this wood can minimize losses. The objective was to evaluate the chemical composition and the energetic potential of wood and charcoal from trees subject to wind damage. Eight (A to H) two-years-old Eucalyptus grandis × Eucalyptus urophylla clones were selected in a region where wind damage is frequent. The basic density, calorific value, chemical composition of wood and calorific value, immediate chemistry and gravimetric yield of charcoal were determined for all clones. Materials with high lignin content and low S/G ratio had higher gravimetric yield. The energy density of wood and charcoal showed high relationship with the basic and apparent relative density, respectively. All materials showed potential for bioenergy, but the clone E stood out with higher gravimetric yield and energy density.

Keywords:
Calorific value; Charcoal; Lignin

Table 1 Chemical composition of eight different two-years-old Eucalyptus grandis × Eucalyptus urophylla clones (Cl.).

Cl.	Ext. (%)	Ash (%)	Sol. Lig. (%)	Ins. Lig (%)	Tot. Lig. (%)	S/G	Hol. (%)
A	2.54^3.7 c	0.425^4.7 a	4.4^2.1 a	25.2^2.3 a	29.6^2.7 a	2.99^1.8 a	67.44 ^2.5b
B	0.73^1.6 a	0.370^5.3 a	4.5^3.4 a	24.5^2.4 a	29.0^2.6 a	3.93^2.2 c	69.90 ^2.7c
C	2.25^3.6 c	0.450^5.9 a	4.1^3.9 a	26.4^2.9 b	30.5^3.2 b	3.42^3.3 b	66.8^3.2b
D	2.95^3.1 d	0.385^5.7 a	4.7^4.1 a	26.0^3.7 b	30.7^3.7 b	3.11^2.7 a	65.97^3.3 a
E	1.23^3.9 b	0.405^6.1 a	4.3^4.2 a	26.8^4.2 b	31.1^4.1 b	3.11^4.3 a	67.27^3.9 b
F	2.95^4.2 d	0.420^5.3 a	4.7^2.9 a	26.3^3.5 b	31.0^3.3 b	2.97^2.9 a	65.63^3.3 a
G	2.71^2.8 c	0.390^6.3 a	4.2^3.2 a	26.4^3.8b	30.6^4.0 b	3.31^2.9 b	66.30^4.0 a
H	2.17^3.2 c	0.405^5.9 a	4.1^3.5 a	27.8^4.7 c	31.9^4.3 c	2.98^3.5 a	65.53^4.3 a
Cl.	Carbon (%)		Oxygen (%)	Hydrogen (%)		Nitrogen (%)
A	50.78^4.8 a		42.58^4.6 a	5.88^5.2 a		0.02^5.2 a
B	50.55^4.1 a		42.67^4.3 a	5.78^3.8 a		0.06^5.5 a
C	50.66^4.0 a		42.80^3.4 a	5.85^4.2 a		0.03^4.1 a
D	50.49^3.9 a		43.02^4.1 a	5.76^4.6 a		0.03^4.2 a
E	50.90^4.5 a		42.35^2.8 a	5.90^4.2 a		0.05^4.4 a
F	50.77^4.6 a		42.63^3.7 a	5.89^4.7 a		0.08^4.8 a
G	50.43^3.7 a		42.95^4.1 a	5.85^3.6 a		0.03^4.7 a
H	50.30^4.6 a		43.28^3.5 a	5.82^4.2 a		0.07^4.2 a

Table 2 Basic density and apparent relative density (g.cm-3), gross calorific value (MJ.g-1) and energy density (MJ.cm-3) of the wood and charcoal from eight Eucalyptus grandis × Eucalyptus urophylla clones.

Clone	Wood
Clone	Basic density	Gross calorific value	Energy density
A	0.412 ^3.1 b	19.13 ^4.2 a	7.92 ^3.7 c
B	0.331 ^4.5 a	19.95 ^4.6 b	6.61^3.8 a
C	0.372 ^4.0 a	19.80 ^4.7 b	7.31^3.4 b
D	0.423 ^3.6 c	19.92 ^3.5 b	8.44 ^4.1 d
E	0.421 ^4.1 c	19.80 ^3.6 b	8.31^3.3 d
F	0.370 ^3.5 a	19.79 ^4.1 b	7.29^3.7 b
G	0.370 ^3,9 a	19.02 ^3.8 a	7.09^4.2 b
H	0.383 ^3.1 a	19.96 ^4.1 b	7.65^3.9 b
	Charcoal
	Apparent relative density	Gross calorific value	Energy density
A	0.305 ^2.5 c	29.68 ^4.3 a	9.01^3.8 e
B	0.235 ^3.1 a	29.89 ^3.7 a	7.12^3.2 b
C	0.241 ^3.4 a	29.29 ^4.8 a	7.15^4.2 b
D	0.296 ^3.6 c	29.29 ^5.1 a	8.61^4.2 d
E	0.308 ^3.4 c	29.30 ^4.5 a	9.08^3.7 e
F	0.227 ^3.5 a	29.30 ^3.8 a	6.68^3.6 a
G	0.258 ^3.1 a	29.31 ^4.3 a	7.51^3.3 b
H	0.271 ^2.8 b	29.31 ^4.1 a	7.94^3.4 c

Table 3 Gravimetric yield (Grav), fixed carbon (FC), volatile matter (VM), ash (%) and elemental composition from charcoal of eight Eucalyptus grandis × Eucalyptus urophylla clones.

Clone	Grav (%)	FC (%)	VM (%)	Ash (%)
A	32.29^4.5 b	76.22^2.5 a	23.28^3.5 c	0.600^5.5 a
B	30.96^4.3 a	79.86^3.6 b	19.49^3.7 b	0.625^6.2 a
C	31.73^3.2 b	81.15^3.3 c	18.40^2.4 a	0.685^6.4 a
D	31.13^4.1 a	79.69^4.1 b	19.61^2.6 b	0.660^5.2 a
E	33.42^2.5 c	76.35^2.7 a	23.00^3.2 c	0.645^5.6 a
F	33.47^3.3 c	78.63^2.8 b	20.72^3.6 b	0.655^6.2 a
G	30.60^2.7 a	81.36^3.4 c	17.99^3.6 a	0.645^5.6 a
H	33.84^3.6 c	77.16^3.2 a	22.14^2.9 c	0.670^5.2 a
Clone	Carbon (%)	Oxygen (%)	Hydrogen (%)	Nitrogen (%)
A	82.38 ^4.5c	11.75 ^4.8d	3.28 ^4.3a	0.13 ^5.6a
B	80.08 ^3.9b	14.10 ^3.6c	3.20 ^4.6a	0.12 ^6.1a
C	81.43 ^4.2c	13.44 ^4.2c	3.20 ^4.8a	0.09 ^5.3a
D	80.91 ^4.1b	14.19 ^4.4c	3.29 ^4.1a	0.11 ^5.8a
E	78.01 ^3.7a	16.08 ^3.9b	3.15 ^3.8a	0.16 ^6.4a
F	77.41 ^3.8a	18.01 ^4.6a	3.37 ^3.6a	0.07 ^5.9a
G	77.68 ^4.5a	17.57 ^4.1a	3.32 ^4.0a	0.07 ^6.0a
H	77.68 ^4.2a	17.31 ^3.4a	3.31 ^4.2a	0.06 ^6.4a

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