Conexão social nas organizações: efeitos dos laços locais no engajamento e no desempenho no trabalho

Maciel, Cristiano de Oliveira; Camargo, Camila

doi:10.1016/j.rausp.2016.07.005

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Revista de Administração (São Paulo)

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Sumário

Human resources and organizations • Rev. Adm. (São Paulo) 51 (4) • Oct/Dec 2016 • https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rausp.2016.07.005 copiar

Conexão social nas organizações: efeitos dos laços locais no engajamento e no desempenho no trabalho

Autoria SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Resumo

Neste artigo, teve-se como objetivo examinar o efeito dos laços locais dos atores organizacionais em seu grau de engajamento e desempenho no trabalho. O estudo foi realizado por meio de um survey com 249 respondentes. O efeito dos laços locais (i.e., laços do ego) foi analisado por meio do grau de conexão social intraorganizacional. O engajamento foi mensurado nas dimensões física, cognitiva e emocional. O desempenho foi representado pelo grau de consecução das tarefas. Os resultados apontam que apenas o engajamento cognitivo e o desempenho são influenciados pelo grau de conexão social intraorganizacional. Tais resultados são explorados nas conclusões do artigo.

Palavras-chave:
Conexão social; Engajamento; Desempenho

Description of manifest variables and reliability of latent variables	Loading
Emotional engagement (AVE = 0.65; Composite Reliability = 0.91; α = 0.91)
I am enthusiastic in my job	0.760^* ***** p < 0.01.
I feel energetic at my job	0.858^* ***** p < 0.01.
I am interested in my job	0.826^* ***** p < 0.01.
I am proud of my job	0.748^* ***** p < 0.01.
I feel positive about my job	0.805^* ***** p < 0.01.
I am excited about my job	0.822^* * Significance not calculated (parameter at 1). (I) inverted indicator. a: Cronbach's alpha (Reference = 0.60). AVE: (Reference = 0.50).

Physical engagement (AVE = 0.78; Composite Reliability = 0.95; α = 0.95)
I work with intensity on my job	0.838^* ***** p < 0.01.
I exert my full effort to my job	0.835^* ***** p < 0.01.
I devote a lot of energy to my job	0.906^* ***** p < 0.01.
I try my hardest to perform well on my job	0.919^* ***** p < 0.01.
I strive as hard as I can to complete my job	0.863^* ***** p < 0.01.
I exert a lot of energy on my job	0.918^* * Significance not calculated (parameter at 1). (I) inverted indicator. a: Cronbach's alpha (Reference = 0.60). AVE: (Reference = 0.50).

Cognitive engagement (AVE = 0.68; Composite Reliability = 0.92; α = 0.92)
At work, my mind is focused on my job	0.809^* ***** p < 0.01.
At work, I pay a lot of attention to my job	0.780^* ***** p < 0.01.
At work, I focus a great deal of attention on my job	0.886^* ***** p < 0.01.
At work, I am absorbed by my job	0.771^* ***** p < 0.01.
At work, I concentrate on my job	0.866^* ***** p < 0.01.
At work, I devote a lot of attention to my job	0.817^* * Significance not calculated (parameter at 1). (I) inverted indicator. a: Cronbach's alpha (Reference = 0.60). AVE: (Reference = 0.50).

Satisfaction (AVE = 0.72; Composite Reliability = 0.92; α = 0.92)
I feel fairly satisfied with my present job	0.815^* * Significance not calculated (parameter at 1). (I) inverted indicator. a: Cronbach's alpha (Reference = 0.60). AVE: (Reference = 0.50).
Most days I am enthusiastic about my work	0.886^* ***** p < 0.01.
Each day at work seems like it will never end	0.860^* ***** p < 0.01.
I find real enjoyment in my work	0.836^* ***** p < 0.01.
I consider my job to be rather unpleasant	0.844^* ***** p < 0.01.

Performance (AVE = 0.65; Composite Reliability = 0.93; a = 0.92)
I perform my duties properly at work	0.770^* * Significance not calculated (parameter at 1). (I) inverted indicator. a: Cronbach's alpha (Reference = 0.60). AVE: (Reference = 0.50).
I meet the responsibilities that are specific to my work activities	0.790^* ***** p < 0.01.
I complete the tasks that are expected of me	0.835^* ***** p < 0.01.
I met the demands of my work	0.889^* ***** p < 0.01.
I prioritize the activities that directly affect the evaluation of my work	0.834^* ***** p < 0.01.
I take care of my mandatory work activities (I)	0.640^* ***** p < 0.01.
I have failed to perform essential duties at my job (I)	0.751^* ***** p < 0.01.

Intra-organizational social connection (AVE = 0.68; Composite Reliability = 0.89; α = 0.89)
My contacts at work make me feel that I am part of the organization	0.828^* * Significance not calculated (parameter at 1). (I) inverted indicator. a: Cronbach's alpha (Reference = 0.60). AVE: (Reference = 0.50).
My contacts at work make me feel included in the organization	0.884^* ***** p < 0.01.
My contacts at work make me feel that I am part of an integrated group	0.862^* ***** p < 0.01.
My contacts at work make me feel like I am at home	0.714^* ***** p < 0.01.

	x	s	1	2	3	4	5	6	7
1. Age	31.00	9.77	1.00^* ***** p < 0.01 (two-tailed).
2. Time at company	4.72	6.07	0.63^* ***** p < 0.01 (two-tailed).	1.00^* ***** p < 0.01 (two-tailed).
3. Satisfaction	7.70	1.73	0.25^* ***** p < 0.01 (two-tailed).	0.25^* ***** p < 0.01 (two-tailed).	1.00^* ***** p < 0.01 (two-tailed).
4. Intra-org social connection	7.49	1.33	0.18^* ***** p < 0.01 (two-tailed).	0.19^* ***** p < 0.01 (two-tailed).	0.53^* ***** p < 0.01 (two-tailed).	1.00^* ***** p < 0.01 (two-tailed).
5. Physical engagement	4.26	2.45	0.00	0.06	-0.09	0.08	1.00^* ***** p < 0.01 (two-tailed).
6. Cognitive engagement	7.78	1.44	0.08	0.06	0.44^* ***** p < 0.01 (two-tailed).	0.67^* ***** p < 0.01 (two-tailed).	0.15^ p < 0.05 (two-tailed).	1.00^* ***** p < 0.01 (two-tailed).
7. Emotional engagement	7.11	1.34	0.28^* ***** p < 0.01 (two-tailed).	0.23^* ***** p < 0.01 (two-tailed).	0.78^* ***** p < 0.01 (two-tailed).	0.51^* ***** p < 0.01 (two-tailed).	0.07	0.47^* ***** p < 0.01 (two-tailed).	1.00^* ***** p < 0.01 (two-tailed).
8. Performance	7.27	1.20	0.10	0.16^ p < 0.05 (two-tailed).	0.55^* ***** p < 0.01 (two-tailed).	0.67^* ***** p < 0.01 (two-tailed).	0.06	0.65^* ***** p < 0.01 (two-tailed).	0.52^* ***** p < 0.01 (two-tailed).

	Physical engagement		Cognitive engagement		Emotional engagement		Performance
	Model 1	Model 2	Model 3	Model 4	Model 5	Model 6	Model 7	Model 8
Control variables
Sex	0.15^ p < 0.05 (two-tailed).	0.15^* ***** p < 0.01 (two-tailed).	-0.04	-0.02	-0.10^ p < 0.05 (two-tailed).	-0.10^ p < 0.05 (two-tailed).	0.02	0.04
Age (Log)	0.07	0.08	0.11	0.04	0.13^* * p < 0.10 (two-tailed).	0.12^* * p < 0.10 (two-tailed).	0.01	-0.05
Marital status	0.07	0.08	-0.04	-0.00	0.05	0.05	-0.06	-0.03
Education	-0.41^* ***** p < 0.01 (two-tailed).	-0.41^* ***** p < 0.01 (two-tailed).	-0.05	-0.02	-0.02	-0.02	0.01	0.03
Position (operational)	0.21^* * p < 0.10 (two-tailed).	0.22^* * p < 0.10 (two-tailed).	0.18	0.09	0.19^ p < 0.05 (two-tailed).	0.18^ p < 0.05 (two-tailed).	0.25^ p < 0.05 (two-tailed).	0.17^* * p < 0.10 (two-tailed).
Position (supervision)	0.05	0.05	-0.18^ p < 0.05 (two-tailed).	-0.12	0.11^* * p < 0.10 (two-tailed).	0.12^* * p < 0.10 (two-tailed).	0.02	0.07
Time at company tenure (Log)	0.11	0.12	-0.04	-0.06	0.00	-0.00	0.07	0.04
Satisfaction	-0.08	-0.06	0.50^* ***** p < 0.01 (two-tailed).	0.16^ p < 0.05 (two-tailed).	0.77^* ***** p < 0.01 (two-tailed).	0.74^* ***** p < 0.01 (two-tailed).	0.62^* ***** p < 0.01 (two-tailed).	0.30^* ***** p < 0.01 (two-tailed).

Main effect variable
Intra-org. social connection		-0.03		0.55^* ***** p < 0.01 (two-tailed).		0.06		0.51^* ***** p < 0.01 (two-tailed).
F	9.94^* ***** p < 0.01 (two-tailed).	8.81^* ***** p < 0.01 (two-tailed).	9.76^* ***** p < 0.01 (two-tailed).	19.15^* ***** p < 0.01 (two-tailed).	39.67^* ***** p < 0.01 (two-tailed).	35.43^* ***** p < 0.01 (two-tailed).	13.33^* ***** p < 0.01 (two-tailed).	22.50^* ***** p < 0.01 (two-tailed).
R ²	0.29	0.29	0.28	0.47	0.62	0.62	0.35	0.51
Adjusted R²	0.26	0.26	0.26	0.45	0.60	0.60	0.33	0.49

Departamento de Administração da Faculdade de Economia, Administração e Contabilidade da Universidade de São Paulo Avenida Professor Luciano Gualberto, 908, sala F184, 05508-900 São Paulo / SP Brasil, Tel./Fax 55 11 3818-4002 - São Paulo - SP - Brazil
E-mail: rausp@usp.br

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[1] * Corresponding author. E-mail:crmaciel.adm@gmail.com (C.O. Maciel).