PD |
- Thinning of the substantia nigra pars compacta, best visualized in axial T2-weighted sequences and susceptibility-weighted imaging(1212 Meijer FJ, Goraj B. Brain MRI in Parkinson's disease. Front Biosci (Elite Ed). 2014;6:360-9.)
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- Quite high specificity, although quite low sensitivity, found only in the more advanced stages(1212 Meijer FJ, Goraj B. Brain MRI in Parkinson's disease. Front Biosci (Elite Ed). 2014;6:360-9.)
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- Reduced FA in the substantia nigra, more evident in the caudal portion(88 Cochrane CJ, Ebmeier KP. Diffusion tensor imaging in parkinsonian syndromes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Neurology. 2013;80:857-64.,1010 Modrego PJ, Fayed N, Artal J, et al. Correlation of findings in advanced MRI techniques with global severity scales in patients with Parkinson disease. Acad Radiol. 2011;18:235-41.,1111 Jiang MF, Shi F, Niu GM, et al. A novel method for evaluating brain function and microstructural changes in Parkinson's disease. Neural Regen Res. 2015;10:2025-32.,2121 Zhan W, Kang GA, Glass GA, et al. Regional alterations of brain microstructure in Parkinson's disease using diffusion tensor imaging. Mov Disord. 2012;27:90-7.
22 Vaillancourt DE, Spraker MB, Prodoehl J, et al. High-resolution diffusion tensor imaging in the substantia nigra of de novo Parkinson disease. Neurology. 2009;72:1378-84.
23 Lenfeldt N, Larsson A, Nyberg L, et al. Fractional anisotropy in the substantia nigra in Parkinson's disease: a complex picture. Eur J Neurol. 2015;22:1408-14.
24 Zhang K, Yu C, Zhang Y, et al. Voxel-based analysis of diffusion tensor indices in the brain in patients with Parkinson's disease. Eur J Radiol. 2011;77:269-73.-2525 Schwarz ST, Abaei M, Gontu V, et al. Diffusion tensor imaging of nigral degeneration in Parkinson's disease: a region-of-interest and voxel-based study at 3 T and systematic review with meta-analysis. Neuroimage Clin. 2013;3:481-8.)
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- High specificity and sensitivity, even in the early stages of the disease, data more established in the literature(88 Cochrane CJ, Ebmeier KP. Diffusion tensor imaging in parkinsonian syndromes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Neurology. 2013;80:857-64.,1010 Modrego PJ, Fayed N, Artal J, et al. Correlation of findings in advanced MRI techniques with global severity scales in patients with Parkinson disease. Acad Radiol. 2011;18:235-41.,1111 Jiang MF, Shi F, Niu GM, et al. A novel method for evaluating brain function and microstructural changes in Parkinson's disease. Neural Regen Res. 2015;10:2025-32.,2121 Zhan W, Kang GA, Glass GA, et al. Regional alterations of brain microstructure in Parkinson's disease using diffusion tensor imaging. Mov Disord. 2012;27:90-7.
22 Vaillancourt DE, Spraker MB, Prodoehl J, et al. High-resolution diffusion tensor imaging in the substantia nigra of de novo Parkinson disease. Neurology. 2009;72:1378-84.
23 Lenfeldt N, Larsson A, Nyberg L, et al. Fractional anisotropy in the substantia nigra in Parkinson's disease: a complex picture. Eur J Neurol. 2015;22:1408-14.
24 Zhang K, Yu C, Zhang Y, et al. Voxel-based analysis of diffusion tensor indices in the brain in patients with Parkinson's disease. Eur J Radiol. 2011;77:269-73.-2525 Schwarz ST, Abaei M, Gontu V, et al. Diffusion tensor imaging of nigral degeneration in Parkinson's disease: a region-of-interest and voxel-based study at 3 T and systematic review with meta-analysis. Neuroimage Clin. 2013;3:481-8.)
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- Reduced FA in the frontal lobes (motor, premotor and supplemental motor cortices)(1818 Gattellaro G, Minati L, Grisoli M, et al. White matter involvement in idiopathic Parkinson disease: a diffusion tensor imaging study. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2009;30:1222-6.,2121 Zhan W, Kang GA, Glass GA, et al. Regional alterations of brain microstructure in Parkinson's disease using diffusion tensor imaging. Mov Disord. 2012;27:90-7.,2727 Kendi ATK, Lehericy S, Luciana M, et al. Altered diffusion in the frontal lobe in Parkinson disease. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2008;29:501-5.)
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- Low specificity and sensitivity(1818 Gattellaro G, Minati L, Grisoli M, et al. White matter involvement in idiopathic Parkinson disease: a diffusion tensor imaging study. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2009;30:1222-6.,2121 Zhan W, Kang GA, Glass GA, et al. Regional alterations of brain microstructure in Parkinson's disease using diffusion tensor imaging. Mov Disord. 2012;27:90-7.,2727 Kendi ATK, Lehericy S, Luciana M, et al. Altered diffusion in the frontal lobe in Parkinson disease. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2008;29:501-5.)
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- Reduced FA in the striatum and cerebellar hemispheres(2828 Péran P, Cherubini A, Assogna F, et al. Magnetic resonance imaging markers of Parkinson's disease nigrostriatal signature. Brain. 2010;133:3423-33.,2929 Mormina E, Arrigo A, Calamuneri A, et al. Diffusion tensor imaging parameters' changes of cerebellar hemispheres in Parkinson's disease. Neuroradiology. 2015;57:327-34.)
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- Rarely studied but could be associated with specific signs of the disease(2828 Péran P, Cherubini A, Assogna F, et al. Magnetic resonance imaging markers of Parkinson's disease nigrostriatal signature. Brain. 2010;133:3423-33.,2929 Mormina E, Arrigo A, Calamuneri A, et al. Diffusion tensor imaging parameters' changes of cerebellar hemispheres in Parkinson's disease. Neuroradiology. 2015;57:327-34.)
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- Diffuse cortical atrophy, mainly in the frontal lobes(1212 Meijer FJ, Goraj B. Brain MRI in Parkinson's disease. Front Biosci (Elite Ed). 2014;6:360-9.)
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- Low sensitivity and specificity, occurs in the terminal phase(1212 Meijer FJ, Goraj B. Brain MRI in Parkinson's disease. Front Biosci (Elite Ed). 2014;6:360-9.)
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- Reduced FA in the genu of the corpus callosum, cingulate gyrus, hip-pocampus, superior/inferior longitudinal fasciculi and inferior/uncinate fronto-occipital fasciculi(3030 Kamagata K, Motoi Y, Abe O, et al. White matter alteration of the cingulum in Parkinson disease with and without dementia: evaluation by diffusion tensor tract-specific analysis. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2012;33:890-5.
31 Matsui H, Nishinaka K, Oda M, et al. Dementia in Parkinson's disease: diffusion tensor imaging. Acta Neurol Scand. 2007;116:177-81.
32 Zheng Z, Shemmassian S, Wijekoon C, et al. DTI correlates of distinct cognitive impairments in Parkinson's disease. Hum Brain Mapp. 2014;35:1325-33.
33 Duncan GW, Firbank MJ, Yarnall AJ, et al. Gray and white matter imaging: a biomarker for cognitive impairment in early Parkinson's disease? Mov Disord. 2016;31:103-10.
34 Wiltshire K, Concha L, Gee M, et al. Corpus callosum and cingulum tractography in Parkinson's disease. Can J Neurol Sci. 2010;37:595-600.
35 Hattori T, Orimo S, Aoki S, et al. Cognitive status correlates with white matter alteration in Parkinson's disease. Hum Brain Mapp. 2012;33:727-39.-3636 Carlesimo GA, Piras F, Assogna F, et al. Hippocampal abnormalities and memory deficits in Parkinson disease: a multimodal imaging study. Neurology. 2012;78:1939-45.)
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- Appears to be related to dementia in PD but warrants further study(3030 Kamagata K, Motoi Y, Abe O, et al. White matter alteration of the cingulum in Parkinson disease with and without dementia: evaluation by diffusion tensor tract-specific analysis. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2012;33:890-5.
31 Matsui H, Nishinaka K, Oda M, et al. Dementia in Parkinson's disease: diffusion tensor imaging. Acta Neurol Scand. 2007;116:177-81.
32 Zheng Z, Shemmassian S, Wijekoon C, et al. DTI correlates of distinct cognitive impairments in Parkinson's disease. Hum Brain Mapp. 2014;35:1325-33.
33 Duncan GW, Firbank MJ, Yarnall AJ, et al. Gray and white matter imaging: a biomarker for cognitive impairment in early Parkinson's disease? Mov Disord. 2016;31:103-10.
34 Wiltshire K, Concha L, Gee M, et al. Corpus callosum and cingulum tractography in Parkinson's disease. Can J Neurol Sci. 2010;37:595-600.
35 Hattori T, Orimo S, Aoki S, et al. Cognitive status correlates with white matter alteration in Parkinson's disease. Hum Brain Mapp. 2012;33:727-39.-3636 Carlesimo GA, Piras F, Assogna F, et al. Hippocampal abnormalities and memory deficits in Parkinson disease: a multimodal imaging study. Neurology. 2012;78:1939-45.)
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- Reduced FA in the dorsomedial thalamus and anterior cingulate gyrus(1111 Jiang MF, Shi F, Niu GM, et al. A novel method for evaluating brain function and microstructural changes in Parkinson's disease. Neural Regen Res. 2015;10:2025-32.,3131 Matsui H, Nishinaka K, Oda M, et al. Dementia in Parkinson's disease: diffusion tensor imaging. Acta Neurol Scand. 2007;116:177-81.,3737 Li W, Liu J, Skidmore F, et al. White matter microstructure changes in the thalamus in Parkinson disease with depression: a diffusion tensor MR imaging study. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2010;31:1861-6.)
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- Could be related to depression, although it has not been extensively studied(1111 Jiang MF, Shi F, Niu GM, et al. A novel method for evaluating brain function and microstructural changes in Parkinson's disease. Neural Regen Res. 2015;10:2025-32.,3131 Matsui H, Nishinaka K, Oda M, et al. Dementia in Parkinson's disease: diffusion tensor imaging. Acta Neurol Scand. 2007;116:177-81.,3737 Li W, Liu J, Skidmore F, et al. White matter microstructure changes in the thalamus in Parkinson disease with depression: a diffusion tensor MR imaging study. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2010;31:1861-6.)
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- Reduced FA in the olfactory bulbs, white matter adjacent to the primary olfactory cortex, and gyrus rectus(3838 Skorpil M, Söderlund V, Sundin A, et al. MRI diffusion in Parkinson's disease: using the technique's inherent directional information to study the olfactory bulb and substantia nigra. J Parkinsons Dis. 2012;2:171-80.,4040 Rolheiser TM, Fulton HG, Good KP, et al. Diffusion tensor imaging and olfactory identification testing in early-stage Parkinson's disease. J Neurol. 2011;258:1254-60.,4141 Ibarretxe-Bilbao N, Junque C, Marti MJ, et al. Olfactory impairment in Parkinson's disease and white matter abnormalities in central olfactory areas: a voxel-based diffusion tensor imaging study. Mov Disord. 2010;25:1888-94.)
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- Can be present in individuals with altered olfactory tests, with the potential to identify patients in the premotor phase of PD(3838 Skorpil M, Söderlund V, Sundin A, et al. MRI diffusion in Parkinson's disease: using the technique's inherent directional information to study the olfactory bulb and substantia nigra. J Parkinsons Dis. 2012;2:171-80.,4040 Rolheiser TM, Fulton HG, Good KP, et al. Diffusion tensor imaging and olfactory identification testing in early-stage Parkinson's disease. J Neurol. 2011;258:1254-60.,4141 Ibarretxe-Bilbao N, Junque C, Marti MJ, et al. Olfactory impairment in Parkinson's disease and white matter abnormalities in central olfactory areas: a voxel-based diffusion tensor imaging study. Mov Disord. 2010;25:1888-94.)
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MSA |
- Hot cross bun sign in axial T2-weighted sequences, with atrophy of the pons(1313 Massey LA, Micallef C, Paviour DC, et al. Conventional magnetic resonance imaging in confirmed progressive supranuclear palsy and multiple system atrophy. Mov Disord. 2012;27:1754-62.
14 Quattrone A, Nicoletti G, Messina D, et al. MR imaging index for differentiation of progressive supranuclear palsy from Parkinson disease and the Parkinson variant of multiple system atrophy. Radiology. 2008;246:214-21.-1515 Paviour DC, Price SL, Jahanshahi M, et al. Regional brain volumes distinguish PSP, MSA-P, and PD: MRI-based clinico-radiological correlations. Mov Disord. 2006;21:989-96.)
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- All have good specificity but can be seen in other conditions(1313 Massey LA, Micallef C, Paviour DC, et al. Conventional magnetic resonance imaging in confirmed progressive supranuclear palsy and multiple system atrophy. Mov Disord. 2012;27:1754-62.
14 Quattrone A, Nicoletti G, Messina D, et al. MR imaging index for differentiation of progressive supranuclear palsy from Parkinson disease and the Parkinson variant of multiple system atrophy. Radiology. 2008;246:214-21.-1515 Paviour DC, Price SL, Jahanshahi M, et al. Regional brain volumes distinguish PSP, MSA-P, and PD: MRI-based clinico-radiological correlations. Mov Disord. 2006;21:989-96.)
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- Reduced FA and increased ADC in the putamen(4343 Ito M, Watanabe H, Kawai Y, et al. Usefulness of combined fractional anisotropy and apparent diffusion coefficient values for detection of involvement in multiple system atrophy. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2007;78:722-8.
44 Köllensperger M, Seppi K, Liener C, et al. Diffusion weighted imaging best discriminates PD from MSA-P: a comparison with tilt table testing and heart MIBG scintigraphy. Mov Disord. 2007;22:1771-6.
45 Pellecchia MT, Barone P, Mollica C, et al. Diffusion-weighted imaging in multiple system atrophy: a comparison between clinical subtypes. Mov Disord. 2009;24:689-96.
46 Seppi K, Schocke MFH, Prennschuetz-Schuetzenau K, et al. Topography of putaminal degeneration in multiple system atrophy: a diffusion magnetic resonance study. Mov Disord. 2006;21:847-52.
47 Tsukamoto K, Matsusue E, Kanasaki Y, et al. Significance of apparent diffusion coefficient measurement for the differential diagnosis of multiple system atrophy, progressive supranuclear palsy, and Parkinson's disease: evaluation by 3.0-T MR imaging. Neuroradiology. 2012;54:947-55.-4848 Barbagallo G, Sierra-Peña M, Nemmi F, et al. Multimodal MRI assessment of nigro-striatal pathway in multiple system atrophy and Parkinson disease. Mov Disord. 2016;31:325-34.)
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- High sensitivity and specificity, especially in MSA-P, but can also occur in PSP(4343 Ito M, Watanabe H, Kawai Y, et al. Usefulness of combined fractional anisotropy and apparent diffusion coefficient values for detection of involvement in multiple system atrophy. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2007;78:722-8.
44 Köllensperger M, Seppi K, Liener C, et al. Diffusion weighted imaging best discriminates PD from MSA-P: a comparison with tilt table testing and heart MIBG scintigraphy. Mov Disord. 2007;22:1771-6.
45 Pellecchia MT, Barone P, Mollica C, et al. Diffusion-weighted imaging in multiple system atrophy: a comparison between clinical subtypes. Mov Disord. 2009;24:689-96.
46 Seppi K, Schocke MFH, Prennschuetz-Schuetzenau K, et al. Topography of putaminal degeneration in multiple system atrophy: a diffusion magnetic resonance study. Mov Disord. 2006;21:847-52.
47 Tsukamoto K, Matsusue E, Kanasaki Y, et al. Significance of apparent diffusion coefficient measurement for the differential diagnosis of multiple system atrophy, progressive supranuclear palsy, and Parkinson's disease: evaluation by 3.0-T MR imaging. Neuroradiology. 2012;54:947-55.-4848 Barbagallo G, Sierra-Peña M, Nemmi F, et al. Multimodal MRI assessment of nigro-striatal pathway in multiple system atrophy and Parkinson disease. Mov Disord. 2016;31:325-34.)
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- Hyperintense signal in axial T2-weighted sequences, with atrophy of the putamen(1313 Massey LA, Micallef C, Paviour DC, et al. Conventional magnetic resonance imaging in confirmed progressive supranuclear palsy and multiple system atrophy. Mov Disord. 2012;27:1754-62.
14 Quattrone A, Nicoletti G, Messina D, et al. MR imaging index for differentiation of progressive supranuclear palsy from Parkinson disease and the Parkinson variant of multiple system atrophy. Radiology. 2008;246:214-21.-1515 Paviour DC, Price SL, Jahanshahi M, et al. Regional brain volumes distinguish PSP, MSA-P, and PD: MRI-based clinico-radiological correlations. Mov Disord. 2006;21:989-96.)
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- Moderate sensitivity, because they are not normally seen in the early stages of the disease(1313 Massey LA, Micallef C, Paviour DC, et al. Conventional magnetic resonance imaging in confirmed progressive supranuclear palsy and multiple system atrophy. Mov Disord. 2012;27:1754-62.
14 Quattrone A, Nicoletti G, Messina D, et al. MR imaging index for differentiation of progressive supranuclear palsy from Parkinson disease and the Parkinson variant of multiple system atrophy. Radiology. 2008;246:214-21.-1515 Paviour DC, Price SL, Jahanshahi M, et al. Regional brain volumes distinguish PSP, MSA-P, and PD: MRI-based clinico-radiological correlations. Mov Disord. 2006;21:989-96.)
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- Reduced FA and increased ADC in the pons, cerebellum, and middle cerebellar peduncles(4343 Ito M, Watanabe H, Kawai Y, et al. Usefulness of combined fractional anisotropy and apparent diffusion coefficient values for detection of involvement in multiple system atrophy. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2007;78:722-8.,5050 Paviour DC, Thornton JS, Lees AJ, et al. Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging differentiates Parkinsonian variant of multiple-system atrophy from progressive supranuclear palsy. Mov Disord. 2007;22:68-74.
51 Yang H, Wang X, Liao W, et al. Application of diffusion tensor imaging in multiple system atrophy: the involvement of pontine transverse and longitudinal fibers. Int J Neurosci. 2015;125:18-24.-5252 Blain CRV, Barker GJ, Jarosz JM, et al. Measuring brain stem and cerebellar damage in parkinsonian syndromes using diffusion tensor MRI. Neurology. 2006;67:2199-205.)
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- High sensitivity and specificity, especially in MSA-C. In conjunction with changes in the putamen, they increase the specificity consider-ably4343 Ito M, Watanabe H, Kawai Y, et al. Usefulness of combined fractional anisotropy and apparent diffusion coefficient values for detection of involvement in multiple system atrophy. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2007;78:722-8.,5050 Paviour DC, Thornton JS, Lees AJ, et al. Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging differentiates Parkinsonian variant of multiple-system atrophy from progressive supranuclear palsy. Mov Disord. 2007;22:68-74.
51 Yang H, Wang X, Liao W, et al. Application of diffusion tensor imaging in multiple system atrophy: the involvement of pontine transverse and longitudinal fibers. Int J Neurosci. 2015;125:18-24.-5252 Blain CRV, Barker GJ, Jarosz JM, et al. Measuring brain stem and cerebellar damage in parkinsonian syndromes using diffusion tensor MRI. Neurology. 2006;67:2199-205.)
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- Atrophy of the cerebellar hemispheres and the middle cerebellar peduncles(1313 Massey LA, Micallef C, Paviour DC, et al. Conventional magnetic resonance imaging in confirmed progressive supranuclear palsy and multiple system atrophy. Mov Disord. 2012;27:1754-62.
14 Quattrone A, Nicoletti G, Messina D, et al. MR imaging index for differentiation of progressive supranuclear palsy from Parkinson disease and the Parkinson variant of multiple system atrophy. Radiology. 2008;246:214-21.-1515 Paviour DC, Price SL, Jahanshahi M, et al. Regional brain volumes distinguish PSP, MSA-P, and PD: MRI-based clinico-radiological correlations. Mov Disord. 2006;21:989-96.)
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- Diffusion measures, taken together with conventional MRI measures, present high accuracy in the differential diagnosis with PD(5353 Nair SR, Tan LK, Mohd Ramli N, et al. A decision tree for differentiating multiple system atrophy from Parkinson's disease using 3-T MR imaging. Eur Radiol. 2013;23:1459-66.)
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PSP |
- Hummingbird or penguin sign in the sagittal plane(1313 Massey LA, Micallef C, Paviour DC, et al. Conventional magnetic resonance imaging in confirmed progressive supranuclear palsy and multiple system atrophy. Mov Disord. 2012;27:1754-62.
14 Quattrone A, Nicoletti G, Messina D, et al. MR imaging index for differentiation of progressive supranuclear palsy from Parkinson disease and the Parkinson variant of multiple system atrophy. Radiology. 2008;246:214-21.-1515 Paviour DC, Price SL, Jahanshahi M, et al. Regional brain volumes distinguish PSP, MSA-P, and PD: MRI-based clinico-radiological correlations. Mov Disord. 2006;21:989-96.)
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- All have very high specificity, al-though they might not be seen in the early stages(1313 Massey LA, Micallef C, Paviour DC, et al. Conventional magnetic resonance imaging in confirmed progressive supranuclear palsy and multiple system atrophy. Mov Disord. 2012;27:1754-62.
14 Quattrone A, Nicoletti G, Messina D, et al. MR imaging index for differentiation of progressive supranuclear palsy from Parkinson disease and the Parkinson variant of multiple system atrophy. Radiology. 2008;246:214-21.-1515 Paviour DC, Price SL, Jahanshahi M, et al. Regional brain volumes distinguish PSP, MSA-P, and PD: MRI-based clinico-radiological correlations. Mov Disord. 2006;21:989-96.)
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- Reduced FA in the midbrain and superior cerebellar peduncles(1616 Rizzo G, Martinelli P, Manners D, et al. Diffusion-weighted brain imaging study of patients with clinical diagnosis of corticobasal degeneration, progressive supranuclear palsy and Parkinson's disease. Brain. 2008;131(Pt 10):2690-700.,4949 Nicoletti G, Tonon C, Lodi R, et al. Apparent diffusion coefficient of the superior cerebellar peduncle differentiates progressive supranuclear palsy from Parkinson's disease. Mov Disord. 2008;23:2370-6.,5252 Blain CRV, Barker GJ, Jarosz JM, et al. Measuring brain stem and cerebellar damage in parkinsonian syndromes using diffusion tensor MRI. Neurology. 2006;67:2199-205.)
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- High sensitivity and specificity(1616 Rizzo G, Martinelli P, Manners D, et al. Diffusion-weighted brain imaging study of patients with clinical diagnosis of corticobasal degeneration, progressive supranuclear palsy and Parkinson's disease. Brain. 2008;131(Pt 10):2690-700.,4949 Nicoletti G, Tonon C, Lodi R, et al. Apparent diffusion coefficient of the superior cerebellar peduncle differentiates progressive supranuclear palsy from Parkinson's disease. Mov Disord. 2008;23:2370-6.,5252 Blain CRV, Barker GJ, Jarosz JM, et al. Measuring brain stem and cerebellar damage in parkinsonian syndromes using diffusion tensor MRI. Neurology. 2006;67:2199-205.)
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- Mickey Mouse sign in the axial plane(1313 Massey LA, Micallef C, Paviour DC, et al. Conventional magnetic resonance imaging in confirmed progressive supranuclear palsy and multiple system atrophy. Mov Disord. 2012;27:1754-62.
14 Quattrone A, Nicoletti G, Messina D, et al. MR imaging index for differentiation of progressive supranuclear palsy from Parkinson disease and the Parkinson variant of multiple system atrophy. Radiology. 2008;246:214-21.-1515 Paviour DC, Price SL, Jahanshahi M, et al. Regional brain volumes distinguish PSP, MSA-P, and PD: MRI-based clinico-radiological correlations. Mov Disord. 2006;21:989-96.)
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- Reduced FA in the globus pallidus and caudate nucleus(4747 Tsukamoto K, Matsusue E, Kanasaki Y, et al. Significance of apparent diffusion coefficient measurement for the differential diagnosis of multiple system atrophy, progressive supranuclear palsy, and Parkinson's disease: evaluation by 3.0-T MR imaging. Neuroradiology. 2012;54:947-55.,4949 Nicoletti G, Tonon C, Lodi R, et al. Apparent diffusion coefficient of the superior cerebellar peduncle differentiates progressive supranuclear palsy from Parkinson's disease. Mov Disord. 2008;23:2370-6.,5050 Paviour DC, Thornton JS, Lees AJ, et al. Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging differentiates Parkinsonian variant of multiple-system atrophy from progressive supranuclear palsy. Mov Disord. 2007;22:68-74.,5454 Focke NK, Helms G, Pantel PM, et al. Differentiation of typical and atypical Parkinson syndromes by quantitative MR imaging. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2011;32:2087-92.)
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- Can facilitate the differential diag-nosis but have not been widely studied(4747 Tsukamoto K, Matsusue E, Kanasaki Y, et al. Significance of apparent diffusion coefficient measurement for the differential diagnosis of multiple system atrophy, progressive supranuclear palsy, and Parkinson's disease: evaluation by 3.0-T MR imaging. Neuroradiology. 2012;54:947-55.,4949 Nicoletti G, Tonon C, Lodi R, et al. Apparent diffusion coefficient of the superior cerebellar peduncle differentiates progressive supranuclear palsy from Parkinson's disease. Mov Disord. 2008;23:2370-6.,5050 Paviour DC, Thornton JS, Lees AJ, et al. Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging differentiates Parkinsonian variant of multiple-system atrophy from progressive supranuclear palsy. Mov Disord. 2007;22:68-74.,5454 Focke NK, Helms G, Pantel PM, et al. Differentiation of typical and atypical Parkinson syndromes by quantitative MR imaging. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2011;32:2087-92.)
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- Atrophy of midbrain and superior cerebellar peduncles(1313 Massey LA, Micallef C, Paviour DC, et al. Conventional magnetic resonance imaging in confirmed progressive supranuclear palsy and multiple system atrophy. Mov Disord. 2012;27:1754-62.
14 Quattrone A, Nicoletti G, Messina D, et al. MR imaging index for differentiation of progressive supranuclear palsy from Parkinson disease and the Parkinson variant of multiple system atrophy. Radiology. 2008;246:214-21.-1515 Paviour DC, Price SL, Jahanshahi M, et al. Regional brain volumes distinguish PSP, MSA-P, and PD: MRI-based clinico-radiological correlations. Mov Disord. 2006;21:989-96.)
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CBD |
- Asymmetric atrophy of the parietal lobes(1616 Rizzo G, Martinelli P, Manners D, et al. Diffusion-weighted brain imaging study of patients with clinical diagnosis of corticobasal degeneration, progressive supranuclear palsy and Parkinson's disease. Brain. 2008;131(Pt 10):2690-700.)
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- Low specificity and sensitivity(1616 Rizzo G, Martinelli P, Manners D, et al. Diffusion-weighted brain imaging study of patients with clinical diagnosis of corticobasal degeneration, progressive supranuclear palsy and Parkinson's disease. Brain. 2008;131(Pt 10):2690-700.)
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- Reduced FA and increased ADC in the corpus callosum and frontal lobes, mainly in the corticospinal tract contralateral to the symptomatic side(1616 Rizzo G, Martinelli P, Manners D, et al. Diffusion-weighted brain imaging study of patients with clinical diagnosis of corticobasal degeneration, progressive supranuclear palsy and Parkinson's disease. Brain. 2008;131(Pt 10):2690-700.,5555 Boelmans K, Kaufmann J, Bodammer N, et al. Involvement of motor pathways in corticobasal syndrome detected by diffusion tensor tractography. Mov Disord. 2009;24:168-75.)
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- Low sensitivity and specificity but can be seen in the early stages, even in the absence of atrophy(1616 Rizzo G, Martinelli P, Manners D, et al. Diffusion-weighted brain imaging study of patients with clinical diagnosis of corticobasal degeneration, progressive supranuclear palsy and Parkinson's disease. Brain. 2008;131(Pt 10):2690-700.,5555 Boelmans K, Kaufmann J, Bodammer N, et al. Involvement of motor pathways in corticobasal syndrome detected by diffusion tensor tractography. Mov Disord. 2009;24:168-75.)
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- Thinning of the corpus callosum(1616 Rizzo G, Martinelli P, Manners D, et al. Diffusion-weighted brain imaging study of patients with clinical diagnosis of corticobasal degeneration, progressive supranuclear palsy and Parkinson's disease. Brain. 2008;131(Pt 10):2690-700.)
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- Increased ADC in the motor thala-mus, precentral gyrus, and postcentral gyrus(5656 Erbetta A, Mandelli ML, Savoiardo M, et al. Diffusion tensor imaging shows different topographic involvement of the thalamus in progressive supranuclear palsy and corticobasal degeneration. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2009;30:1482-7.)
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- Rarely studied but can facilitate the differential diagnosis with PSP, especially if asymmetric(5656 Erbetta A, Mandelli ML, Savoiardo M, et al. Diffusion tensor imaging shows different topographic involvement of the thalamus in progressive supranuclear palsy and corticobasal degeneration. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2009;30:1482-7.)
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