Palynotaxonomy of Vernonanthura H. Rob. (Vernonieae, Asteraceae) species from Southeast Brazil

The present work studied the pollinic characteristics of 22 species of Vernonanthura from Southeast Brazil. The pollen grains were acetolysed, measured, described and ilustrated under light, scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Based on the results, Vernonanthura was considered an euripolinic genus as pollen grains presented distinctive characteristics, mainly related to the ornamentation, the size and apertures of the pollen grains, which may serve as a further tool in the delimitation of the species.

Asteraceae; palinology; Southeast Brazil; Vernonanthura; Vernoniinae

Authorship

Claudia B. F. Mendonça

Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Museu Nacional , Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, BrazilUniversidade Federal do Rio de JaneiroBrazilRio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, BrazilUniversidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Museu Nacional , Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

Vania Gonçalves-Esteves

Roberto L. Esteves

Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Biologia , DBV, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, BrazilUniversidade do Estado do Rio de JaneiroBrazilRio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, BrazilUniversidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Biologia , DBV, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

Alessandra D. Nunes

SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

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Tables (4)

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1. Large sized pollen grains (50.0-100.0 μm) 2. Very small polar area (< 0.25 μm) 3. Endoaperture with a median constriction; continuous muri tending towards the lophate pattern; walls distributed uniformly in the apocolpus .................................................... V. crassa 3. Endoaperture without a median constriction; discontinuous wall not tending towards the lophate pattern; muri in the apocolpus only delimiting the apertures ................ V. oligolepis 2. Small polar area (0.25-0.50 μm) 4. Pollen grains with IC 95% ≥ 53.9 μm, colpus > 25.0 μm long; muri very sinuous; continuous ................................................................................................................................... V. lucida 4. Pollen grains with IC 95% < 53.6 μm; colpus ≤ 24.0 μm; muri slightly sinuous; discontinuous 5. Pollen grains with IC 95% DP = 52.7-53.6 μm; endoapertures lightly lolongate (11.8 × 11.2 μm); without a median constriction; walls in the apocolpium only delimiting the aperture ....................................................................................................... V. ignobilis 5. Pollen grains with IC 95% DP = 50.1-51.9 μm; endoaperture clearly lalongate (6.1 × 10.6 μm); with a median constriction; muri distributed uniformly in the apocolpium ......................................................................................................................... V. viscidula 1. Medium sized pollen grains (25.0-50.0 μm) 6. Very small polar area (≤ 0,25 μm) 7. Endoapertures with a median constriction; colpus ca. 27.6 μm long; interspinal distance ca. 10.6 μm .......................................................................................................... V. mucronulata 7. Endoaperture without a median constriction; colpus < 26,7 μm long; interspinal distance ≤ 10,0 μm 8. Pollen grains with IC 95% DP = 48.8-50.0 μm; muri tending towards the lophate pattern; spine > 8.0 μm long .................................................................................. V. puberula 8. Pollen grains with IC 95% DP ≤ 47.1 μm; muri not tending towards the lophate pattern; spine ≤ 6.4 μm long 9. Pollen grains with IC 95% DP = 41.4-42.2 μm; endoapertures > 14.0 μm wide; spine < 5.5 μm long .......................................................................................... V. ferruginea 9. Pollen grains with IC 95% DP ≥ 43.8 μm; endoapertures ≤ 9.0 μm wide; spine > 6.0 μm long ................................................................................. V. paludosa, V. petiolaris 6. Small polar area (> 0.25 μm) 10. Pollen grains with muri tending towards the lophate pattern 11. Muri slightly sinuous 12. DP = 40.7-41.8 μm ...................................................................... V. divaricata, V. membranacea 12. DP > 45.0 μm or < 39.7 μm 13. Endoapertures with a median constriction; spines ≤ 5.0 μm long ..................... V. cuneifolia 13. Endoapertures without a median constriction; spines ≥ 7.5 μm long .................. V. mariana 11. Muri very sinuous 14. Muri continuous; DP = 45.3-46.1 μm ............................................................... V. montevidensis 14. Muri discontinuous; DP > 47.5 μm or < 42.7 μm 15. DP = 47.5-48.5 μm; endoapertures with a median constriction ...................... V. rigiophylla 15. DP = 41.8-42.7 μm; endoapertures without a median constriction .................. V. westiniana 10. Pollen grains with muri slightly or very sinuous and not tending towards the lophate pattern 16. Muri very sinuous, continuous 17. DP = 43.5-44.2 μm ................................................................................................... V. brasiliana 17. DP = 48.2-49.4 μm ................................................................................................ V. chamaedrys 16. Muri slightly sinuous discontinuous 18. DP = 37.3-38.2 μm; colpus ca. 20.8 μm long; spine ca. 3.8 μm long ........................ V. discolor 18. DP ≥ 44.5 μm; colpus > 24.3 μm long; spine > 7.3 μm long 19. DP = 44.5-45.0 μm ............................................................................................. V. lindbergii 19. DP = 46.1-46.9 μm ......................................................................................... V. phosphorica

1. Large sized pollen grains (50.0-100.0 μm)
	2. Very small polar area (< 0.25 μm)
		3. Endoaperture with a median constriction; continuous muri tending towards the lophate pattern; walls distributed uniformly in the apocolpus .................................................... V. crassa 3. Endoaperture without a median constriction; discontinuous wall not tending towards the lophate pattern; muri in the apocolpus only delimiting the apertures ................ V. oligolepis
	2. Small polar area (0.25-0.50 μm)
		4. Pollen grains with IC 95% ≥ 53.9 μm, colpus > 25.0 μm long; muri very sinuous; continuous ................................................................................................................................... V. lucida 4. Pollen grains with IC 95% < 53.6 μm; colpus ≤ 24.0 μm; muri slightly sinuous; discontinuous
			5. Pollen grains with IC 95% DP = 52.7-53.6 μm; endoapertures lightly lolongate (11.8 × 11.2 μm); without a median constriction; walls in the apocolpium only delimiting the aperture ....................................................................................................... V. ignobilis 5. Pollen grains with IC 95% DP = 50.1-51.9 μm; endoaperture clearly lalongate (6.1 × 10.6 μm); with a median constriction; muri distributed uniformly in the apocolpium ......................................................................................................................... V. viscidula
1. Medium sized pollen grains (25.0-50.0 μm)
	6. Very small polar area (≤ 0,25 μm)
		7. Endoapertures with a median constriction; colpus ca. 27.6 μm long; interspinal distance ca. 10.6 μm .......................................................................................................... V. mucronulata 7. Endoaperture without a median constriction; colpus < 26,7 μm long; interspinal distance ≤ 10,0 μm
			8. Pollen grains with IC 95% DP = 48.8-50.0 μm; muri tending towards the lophate pattern; spine > 8.0 μm long .................................................................................. V. puberula 8. Pollen grains with IC 95% DP ≤ 47.1 μm; muri not tending towards the lophate pattern; spine ≤ 6.4 μm long
				9. Pollen grains with IC 95% DP = 41.4-42.2 μm; endoapertures > 14.0 μm wide; spine < 5.5 μm long .......................................................................................... V. ferruginea 9. Pollen grains with IC 95% DP ≥ 43.8 μm; endoapertures ≤ 9.0 μm wide; spine > 6.0 μm long ................................................................................. V. paludosa, V. petiolaris
	6. Small polar area (> 0.25 μm)
		10. Pollen grains with muri tending towards the lophate pattern
			11. Muri slightly sinuous
				12. DP = 40.7-41.8 μm ...................................................................... V. divaricata, V. membranacea 12. DP > 45.0 μm or < 39.7 μm
					13. Endoapertures with a median constriction; spines ≤ 5.0 μm long ..................... V. cuneifolia 13. Endoapertures without a median constriction; spines ≥ 7.5 μm long .................. V. mariana
			11. Muri very sinuous
				14. Muri continuous; DP = 45.3-46.1 μm ............................................................... V. montevidensis 14. Muri discontinuous; DP > 47.5 μm or < 42.7 μm
					15. DP = 47.5-48.5 μm; endoapertures with a median constriction ...................... V. rigiophylla 15. DP = 41.8-42.7 μm; endoapertures without a median constriction .................. V. westiniana
		10. Pollen grains with muri slightly or very sinuous and not tending towards the lophate pattern
			16. Muri very sinuous, continuous
				17. DP = 43.5-44.2 μm ................................................................................................... V. brasiliana 17. DP = 48.2-49.4 μm ................................................................................................ V. chamaedrys
			16. Muri slightly sinuous discontinuous
				18. DP = 37.3-38.2 μm; colpus ca. 20.8 μm long; spine ca. 3.8 μm long ........................ V. discolor 18. DP ≥ 44.5 μm; colpus > 24.3 μm long; spine > 7.3 μm long
			19. DP = 44.5-45.0 μm ............................................................................................. V. lindbergii 19. DP = 46.1-46.9 μm ......................................................................................... V. phosphorica

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Palynotaxonomy of Vernonanthura H. Rob. (Vernonieae, Asteraceae) species from Southeast Brazil

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