A new species of Olyra is described and illustrated. Olyra bahiensis R.P.Oliveira & Longhi-Wagner is related to O. ciliatifolia Raddi (widely distributed in South America), and to O. juruana Mez, O. amapana Soderstr. & Zuloaga, and O. loretensis Mez (occurring in the Amazonian Basin), sharing the presence of trichomes covering completely the female floret. The new species occurs in the Atlantic rain forest of Southern Bahia, in the same area where other many species of grasses are found. The populations of O. bahiensis present small number of individuals, growing in shaded areas associated with cocoa plantations. An analytical key for O. bahiensis and allied species is also presented.
Atlantic rain forest; Brazil; Olyra; Poaceae; taxonomy
