Treefall gaps have been considered a mechanism for the maintenance of tree and shrub species diversity in tropical forests as they represent an essential site for the regeneration of pioneer plants. In a site of the Atlantic montane forest, Southeastern Brazil, we sampled all woody individuals taller than 1 m at thirty treefall gaps (30.3-500.5 m²). Two hundred and twenty tree and shrub species were sampled, where 24% were considered pioneers. Among pioneers, 88.7% were considered as short-lived, and 11.3 as large pioneers. Species of Miconia, Leandra and Rapanea genera represented 49% and 62.1% of pioneer species and individuals sampled. In this forest, gap age, gap area, canopy height and gap area covered by bamboo species explained between 20% and 73% on characteristics of gap colonization by pioneer species. We have found evidence that in the Atlantic montane forest: (1) at a landscape level there is a high richness of short-lived pioneer species such as those established in open habitats like edge streams and open forests on top mountains; (2) species of bamboo and bamboo-like species affect negatively the density, the diversity and the local richness of pioneer species, filling up their niche; and (3) ecological factors as few large gaps area responsible for the low local richness of pioneers in this forest.
bamboo; Brazil; Atlantic forest; pioneer trees; species richness; treefall gaps
