Oxidative stress on mucosal cells of the colon, resulting from the action of free radicals present in the intestinal lumen, represents one of the initial phenomena in colorectal carcinogenesis, because it may induce gene mutations relating to cell cycle control. Quantification of the oxidative damage to the DNA in colorectal cancer patients has been little studied so far. OBJECTIVE: To measure the levels of oxidative damage to the DNA in cells isolated from the colon mucosa in colorectal patients, and to compare normal and neoplastic tissues and make correlations with anatomopathological variables. METHOD: Thirty colorectal adenocarcinoma patients (eighteen women) of mean age 60.6 ± 15.5 years who consecutively underwent operations performed by the same surgical team between 2005 and 2006 were studied. The oxidative damage to the DNA was evaluated by means of the alkaline version of the comet assay (single-cell gel electrophoresis), from fragments of normal and neoplastic colon tissue that were obtained immediately after removal of the surgical specimen. The extent of breakages of the DNA helices was assessed using an image intensification method, on 200 randomly chosen cells (100 from each tissue sample), by means of the Komet 5.5 program. The Tail Moment (T.M) measured in each cell quantitatively represented the extent of the oxidative damage to the DNA. The statistical analysis on the variables considered was performed by means of the Student t, chi-squared and Kruskal-Wallis tests, with a significance level of 5% (p<0.05). RESULTS: It was found that, for all the patients studied, the cells obtained from the neoplastic tissue presented oxidative damage to the DNA that was greater than in the cells from normal tissue. The cells isolated from the neoplastic mucosal tissue of the colon presented extension of DNA strand breakage significantly greater (T.M. = 2.532 ± 0.945) than did the cells isolated from normal tissue (T.M. = 1.056 ± 0.460) (p=0.00001; C.I. 95%: -1.7705 to -1.1808). It was found that the patients at earlier stages of the Dukes and TNM classifications presented higher levels of oxidative damage than did those at more advanced stages (p=0.04 and p=0.001, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: The cells obtained from normal tissue of colorectal cancer patients presented signs of oxidative damage to the cell DNA, although at significant lower levels than in the neoplastic cells.
Oxidative stress; Oxidants; Comet assay; Colorectal neoplasia
