Effect of Incubator Type and Broiler Breeder Age on Hatchability and Chick Quality

Araújo, ICS; Leandro, NSM; Mesquita, MA; Café, MB; Mello, HHC; Gonzales, E

doi:10.1590/1806-9061-2015-0146

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Brazilian Journal of Poultry Science

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Articles • Rev. Bras. Cienc. Avic. 18 (spe 2) • Oct-Dec 2016 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1806-9061-2015-0146 copy

Effect of Incubator Type and Broiler Breeder Age on Hatchability and Chick Quality

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of broiler breeder age and incubator type on hatching parameters, hatch window, embryo diagnosis results, and hatchling physical quality. The treatments consisted of a combination of three broiler breeder ages (29, 35 and 59 weeks of age) and two incubator types (single stage, SS; or and multiple stage, MS). A completely randomized design in a 3x2 factorial arrangement was applied. In Experiment I, 1,896 eggs were used and 360 eggs in Experiment II. There was an interaction between breeder age and incubator type only for hatchling physical quality score. Independently of incubator type, hatchability rate, late embryo mortality, and egg contamination were higher in the eggs laid by older breeders (59-wk-old). Early mortality (0-4 days) was higher in the embryos from young breeders (29-wk-old). A shorter hatch window birth was obtained in the SS incubator, resulting in higher hatchling body weight relative to egg weight, and better hatchling physical quality score. Both types of incubators provide good conditions for embryo development; however, the physical quality of chicks derived from eggs from intermediate-aged breeders (35-wk-old) is better when eggs are incubated in SS incubators.

Keywords:
Embryo; hatch window; multiple-stage and single-stage incubation

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[1] Corresponding author e-mail address Itallo Conrado Sousa de Araújo Avenida Esperança, s/n, Campus Universitário, Departamento de Zootecnia 74690-900, Goiânia, GO, Brasil Phone:(5562) 982103982 Email:italloconradovet@hotmail.com

Breeder age (weeks)	Hatchability (%)	Hatched/fertile eggs (%)	Hatch window¹ (h)
29	89.81^a ± 0.31	92.32 ^a ± 0.20	24.00 ± 0.23
35	88.37^a ± 0.16	92.96 ^a ± 0.11	19.00 ± 0.35
59	81.04^b ± 0.79	88.26^b ± 0.55	23.00 ± 0.23
Incubator type
Single stage	87.38 ± 0.30	92.51 ± 0.25	19.50^b ± 0.09
Multistage	84.34 ± 0.24	89.45 ± 0.21	25.00^a ± 0.18
p- value
Breeder age	0.0021	0.0212	0.1091
Incubator type	0.3712	0.2507	0.0028
Age vs. incubator type	0.3602	0.4005	0.8812

	Incubator type
Diagnosis (%)	Single-stage	Multistage	p-value
Infertile eggs	3.00	3.19	0.8946
MI	5.67	4.16	0.1342
MII	1.04	1.35	0.6742
MIII	1.73	1.64	0.9100
MIV	1.04	0.48	0.1800
Pipped, dead	0.11	0.48	0.2290
Pipped, alive	0.46	0.87	0.4039
Abnormal, alive	0.00	0.00	1.0000
Abnormal, dead	0.00	0.09	1.0000
Non-pipped, alive	0.00	0.19	0.5016
Contaminated eggs	1.73	0.87	0.1024

	Breeder age (weeks)
Diagnosis (%)	29	35	59	p-value
Infertile eggs	1.46^b	2.93^b	6.84 ^a	≤0.0001
MI	2.38^c	3.29^b	5.47 ^a	0.0117
MII	1.09	1.64	0.99	0.5961
MIII	1.83	1.64	1.61	0.9737
MIV	1.46^a	0.36^b	0.49^b	0.0500
Pipped, dead	0.36	0.36	0.24	1.0000
Pipped, alive	1.09	0.54	0.49	0.4089
Abnormal, alive	0.00	0.00	0.00	1.0000
Abnormal, dead	0.00	0.19	0.00	1.0000
Non-pipped, alive	0.00	0.00	2.23	1.0000
Contaminated eggs	0.54^b	0.54^b	2.23^a	0.0062

Egg weight and chick weight
Breeder age (weeks)	Egg weight^A (g)	Egg weight loss (%)	Hatchling weight (g)	Hatchling weight relative to egg weight (%)	Chick weight at dispatch (g)	Low chick weight at dispatch (g)	Low chick weight at dispatch (%)
29	59.20^b ± 0.23	10.33^b ± 0.31	44.19^b ± 0.24	74.63^a ± 0.56	42.3^b ± 0.48	1.89 ± 0.38	4.27 ± 0.36
35	59.92^b ± 0.34	11.62^b ± 0.21	43.88^b ± 0.23	73.25^b ± 0.66	42.1^b ± 0.45	1.78 ± 0.29	4.06 ± 0.26
59	69.80 ^a ± 0.79	12.09 ^a ± 0.12	50.97 ^a ± 0.26	72.82^b ± 0.78	49.01^a ± 0.40	1.96 ± 0.43	3.82 ± 0.41
Incubator type
Single-stage	62.04 ± 0.81	10.95^b ± 0.70	47.27 ^a ± 0.19	73.79 ^a ± 0.12	45.53^a ± 0.14	2.07ª ± 0.19	4.55^a ± 0.18
Multistage	63.01 ± 0.69	11.87^a ± 0.73	45.61^b ± 0.13	73.28^b ± 0.20	43.53^b ± 0.19	1.73^b ± 0.78	3.66^b ± 0.71
p-value
Breeder age	≤ 0.001	≤ 0.001	≤ 0.001	≤ 0.001	≤ 0.001	0.5345	0.3523
Incubator type	0.1323	≤ 0.001	≤ 0.001	0.0329	≤ 0.002	0.0049	0.0018

Hatchling physical quality
Breeder age (weeks)	Yolk sac weight (g)	Yolk sac weight(%)	Yolk-free chick weight (g)	Chick length (cm)	Chick quality score¹
29	4.37^b ± 0.24	10.61^a ± 0.74	35.77^b ± 0.56	17.66^c ± 0.10	91.18 ± 0.93
35	3.52^c ± 0.31	8.64^b ± 0.68	37.17^b ± 0.48	17.86^b ±0.07	95.30 ± 0.87
59	5.06^a ± 0.28	10.55^a ± 0.83	42.80^a ± 0.40	18.32^a ± 0.15	92.28 ± 1.01
Incubator type
Singlestage	4.48 ± 0.34	10.06 ± 0.76	39.87^a ± 0.44	18.22^a ± 0.19	95.47 ± 0.81
Multistage	4.17 ± 0.40	9.93 ± 0.68	37.72^b ± 0.53	17.61^b ± 0.23	91.06 ± 0.71
p-value
Breeder age	≤ 0.0001	≤ 0.0001	≤ 0.0001	≤ 0.0001	0.0222†
Incubator type	0.6114	0.7698	≤ 0.0001	≤ 0.0001	0.0401†
Agevs. incubator	0.2627	0.2731	0.6613	0.2144	0.0412†

Hatchling physical quality score (0-100 points)
Incubator type	Breeder age (weeks)
Incubator type	29	35	59
Singlestage	93.14Ab	96.12Aa	92.91Ab
Multistage	91.80Ba	92.12Ba	90.01Ba