The Effect of Different Cage Densities on Laying Performance and Egg Quality in Brown and White Laying Hens

Uysal, A; Laçin, E

doi:10.1590/1806-9061-2024-1920

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Brazilian Journal of Poultry Science

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Original Article • Braz. J. Poult. Sci. 26 (2) • 2024 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1806-9061-2024-1920 copy

The Effect of Different Cage Densities on Laying Performance and Egg Quality in Brown and White Laying Hens

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

In this study, the performance characteristics and egg quality of brown (Hy-Line Brown (HB)) and white (Isa Tinted (IT)) laying hens housed in three different cage densities were investigated. Low (5 hens/cage LCD), medium (7 hens/cage MCD) and high (10 hens/cage HCD) cage densities were used in the research. A total of 396 laying hens were used in the experiment by placing 198 HB and 198 IT layers in cages. The performance characteristics, egg production (EP), feed consumption (FC) and livability (L) were recorded at the same time every day. Egg weight (EW) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were measured weekly, while body weight (BW) was evaluated monthly. Monthly analyzes were performed to determine egg internal and external quality characteristics. According to the results of the research, as the cage density increased, the EP, EW, FC, FCR, BW and L of both hybrids decreased. However, the ratio of broken-cracked eggs was less in HCD. It has been determined that the performance characteristics of HB laying hens are better than ITs. The effect of cage density on egg internal and external quality parameters was insignificant (except for shape index). The shape index was found to be similar at MCD and HCD, both showing higher values than LCD. The effect of hybrid (HB, IT) on egg external quality parameters was found to be significant only on EW (HB: 63.60 g; IT: 62.50 g); while among the internal quality parameters, only the effect on egg yolk was found to be significant (IT>HB).

Keywords:
Age; Cage density; Egg Quality; Laying hens; Performance

Nutritional Values of Feeds	Egg Starter Feed (17-20^th week)	Hens’ Feed (First term) (21-45^th week)	Hens’ Feed (Second term) (46-60^th week)
M. Energy (Kcal/kg)	2750	2750	2720
Crude protein (%)	17.50	16.26	15.83
Calcium (%)	2.00	3.57	3.74
Phosphorus (Top) (%)	0.65	0.52	0.47
Phosphorus (Hazm) (%)	0.45	0.37	0.33
Sodium (%)	0.16	0.15	0.15
Chloride (%)	0.16	0.15	0.15
License (%)	0.85	0.76	0.74
Hazm. License (%)	0.70	0.62	0.61
Methionine (%)	0.36	0.38	0.35
Hazm. Methionine (%)	0.29	0.31	0.29
Meth./Sistine (%)	0.68	0.70	0.64
Hazm. M/C (%)	0.56	0.57	0.53
Tryptophan %	0.20	0.19	0.17
Hazm. tryptophan (%)	-	0.15	0.14
Threonine (%)	0.60	0.56	0.52
Hazm. Threonine (%)	-	0.45	0.42
Linoleic Acid (%)	1.00	1.74	1.39

Cage Density	Hybrid	BW (g)	EP (%)	FC (g)	FCR (g/g)	S (%)
LCD	Hy-Line Brown	2003.98±17.13	86.55±2.31	113.94±1.16	2.08±0.12	99.98±0.95
LCD	Isa Tinted	1777.63±17.13	80.12±2.31	108.56±1.16	2.12±0.12	97.41±0.95
	Mean	1890.81^A±12.13	83.33^A±1.63	111.25^A±0.82	2.15^B±0.09	98.69^A±0.67
MCD	Hy-Line Brown	1978.85±17.13	85.79±2.31	112.25±1.16	2.11±0.12	99.98±0.95
MCD	Isa Tinted	1762.39±17.13	75.02±2.31	108.10±1.16	2.54±0.12	97.98±0.95
	Mean	1870.62^A±12.13	80.40^A±1.63	110.17^AB±0.82	2.32^B±0.09	98.98^A±0.67
HCD	Hy-Line Brown	1920.36±17.13	85.12±2.31	112.63±1.16	2.13±0.12	99.97±0.95
HCD	Isa Tinted	1743.77±17.13	60.39±2.31	103.83±1.16	3.24±0.12	92.84±0.95
	Mean	1832.57^B±12.13	72.75^B±1.63	108.23^B±0.82	2.69^A±0.09	96.40^B±0.67
			p
CD	0.004	<0.001	0.030	<0.001	0.012	0.004
H	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001
CD^xH	0.349	<0.001	0.113	<0.001	0.013	0.349

Cage density	Hybrid	Age (week)	Egg weight (g)	Shape index (%)	Breaking strength (kg/cm²)	Shell thickness (mm)
LCD	Hy-Line Brown	24-28	56.32±1.18	73.72±0.54	5.07±0.23	0.36±0.12
		32-36	61.17±1.18	79.33±0.54	4.94±0.23	0.41±0.12
		40-44	65.94±1.18	77.11±0.54	4.52±0.23	0.42±0.12
		48-52	67.01±1.18	77.72±0.54	4.54±0.23	0.45±0.12
		56-60	66.69±1.18	76.72±0.54	4.49±0.23	0.43±0.12
		Mean	63.43±0.53	76.92±0.24	4.71±0.10	0.41±0.00
	Isa Tinted	24-28	52.06±1.18	73.44±0.54	4.65±0.23	0.36±0.12
		32-36	59.55±1.18	77.83±0.54	4.59±0.23	0.41±0.12
		40-44	65.06±1.18	78.28±0.54	4.99±0.23	0.43±0.12
		48-52	66.46±1.18	78.44±0.54	4.67±0.23	0.45±0.12
		56-60	68.55±1.18	78.29±0.54	4.21±0.23	0.43±0.12
		Mean	62.33±0.53	77.26±0.24	4.62±0.10	0.42±0.00
	LCD		62.88±0.37	77.09±0.17^b	4.67±0.07	0.41±0.00
MCD	Hy-Line Brown	24-28	55.12±1.18	74.67±0.54	4.85±0.23	0.36±0.12
		32-36	61.96±1.18	79.56±0.54	4.88±0.23	0.41±0.12
		40-44	65.72±1.18	78.39±0.54	4.69±0.23	0.43±0.12
		48-52	67.45±1.18	78.22±0.54	4.26±0.23	0.45±0.12
		56-60	66.62±1.18	77.17±0.54	3.79±0.23	0.41±0.12
		Mean	63.37±0.53	77.60±0.24	4.49±0.10	0.41±0.00
	Isa Tinted	24-28	53.17±1.18	73.33±0.54	4.59±0.23	0.35±0.12
		32-36	61.43±1.18	79.11±0.54	4.71±0.23	0.40±0.12
		40-44	64.32±1.18	79.28±0.54	4.75±0.23	0.43±0.12
		48-52	66.60±1.18	78.39±0.54	4.45±0.23	0.42±0.12
		56-60	65.08±1.18	77.94±0.54	3.64±0.23	0.43±0.12
		Mean	62.12±0.53	77.61±0.24	4.43±0.10	0.41±0.00
	MCD		62.75±0.37	77.61±0.17^a	4.46±0.07	0.41±0.00
HCD	Hy-Line Brown	24-28	57.38±1.18	74.00±0.54	4.81±0.23	0.36±0.12
		32-36	63.35±1.18	79.06±0.54	4.88±0.23	0.42±0.12
		40-44	66.87±1.18	78.89±0.54	4.95±0.23	0.45±0.12
		48-52	66.49±1.18	78.67±0.54	4.51±0.23	0.43±0.12
		56-60	65.39±1.18	77.89±0.54	4.08±0.23	0.45±0.12
		Mean	63.90±0.53	77.70±0.24	4.65±0.10	0.42±0.00
	Isa Tinted	24-28	54.32±1.18	73.89±0.54	4.24±0.23	0.36±0.12
		32-36	62.98±1.18	78.28±0.54	4.43±0.23	0.39±0.12
		40-44	65.27±1.18	79.28±0.54	4.70±0.23	0.43±0.12
		48-52	66.26±1.18	78.50±0.54	3.92±0.23	0.47±0.12
		56-60	66.42±1.18	78.56±0.54	4.38±0.23	0.41±0.12
		Mean	63.05±0.53	77.70±0.24	4.34±0.10	0.41±0.00
	HCD		63.47±0.37	77.70±0.17^a	4.49±0.07	0.42±0.00

Cage	Hybrid	Age (Week)	Yolk color	Haugh unit	Ak index	Yellow index
LCD	Hy-Line Brown	24-28	8.94±0.28	143.24±9.78	13.09±0.66	0.50±0.01
		32-36	9.28±0.28	92.02±9.78	11.53±0.66	0.51±0.01
		40-44	10.78±0.28	83.77±9.78	9.67±0.66	0.50±0.01
		48-52	9.89±0.28	88.04±9.78	10.39±0.66	0.43±0.01
		56-60	9.72±0.28	82.70±9.78	8.94±0.66	0.42±0.01
		Mean	9.72±0.12	97.96±4.37	10.72±0.29	79.92±0.24
	Isa Tinted	24-28	8.83±0.28	88.71±9.78	12.04±0.66	0.51±0.01
		32-36	9.83±0.28	89.09±9.78	11.68±0.66	0.50±0.01
		40-44	10.83±0.28	85.22±9.78	10.20±0.66	0.48±0.01
		48-52	10.56±0.28	82.78±9.78	9.83±0.66	0.42±0.01
		56-60	10.44±0.28	81.12±9.78	9.41±0.66	0.43±0.01
		Mean	10.10±0.12	85.38±4.37	10.63±0.29	77.26±0.24
	LCD		9.91±0.09	91.67±3.09	10.68±0.21	0.47±0.00
MCD	Hy-Line Brown	24-28	8.61±0.28	89.11±9.78	12.25±0.66	0.50±0.01
		32-36	9.56±0.28	90.31±9.78	12.43±0.66	0.50±0.01
		40-44	10.61±0.28	83.04±9.78	9.40±0.66	0.46±0.01
		48-52	10.06±0.28	86.78±9.78	9.68±0.66	0.44±0.01
		56-60	9.70±0.28	81.16±9.78	8.65±0.66	0.41±0.01
		Mean	9.71±0.12	86.08±4.37	10.48±0.29	77.60±0.24
	Isa Tinted	24-28	9.33±0.28	89.81±9.78	12.22±0.66	0.51±0.01
		32-36	10.39±0.28	88.51±9.78	11.34±0.66	0.51±0.01
		40-44	10.94±0.28	81.92±9.78	9.42±0.66	0.49±0.01
		48-52	10.72±0.28	78.20±9.78	8.89±0.66	0.43±0.01
		56-60	9.72±0.28	83.23±9.78	9.42±0.66	0.42±0.01
		Mean	10.41±0.12	84.45±4.37	10.26±0.29	77.61±0.24
	MCD		85.27±0.09	85.27±3.09	10.37±0.21	0.47±0.00
HCD	Hy-Line Brown	24-28	8.33±0.28	91.55±9.78	12.86±0.66	0.51±0.01
		32-36	9.78±0.28	87.49±9.78	11.50±0.66	0.50±0.01
		40-44	10.56±0.28	84.63±9.78	10.02±0.66	0.47±0.01
		48-52	10.11±0.28	88.63±9.78	10.62±0.66	0.44±0.01
		56-60	10.22±0.28	84.32±9.78	9.44±0.66	0.41±0.01
		Mean	9.80±0.12	87.33±4.37	10.89±0.29	77.70±0.24
	Isa Tinted	24-28	8.61±0.28	92.84±9.78	13.02±0.66	0.50±0.01
		32-36	10.00±0.28	83.37±9.78	9.71±0.66	0.49±0.01
		40-44	11.28±0.28	76.68±9.78	8.84±0.66	0.48±0.01
		48-52	10.89±0.28	86.11±9.78	10.22±0.66	0.44±0.01
		56-60	10.56±0.28	79.31±9.78	8.75±0.66	0.42±0.01
		Mean	10.27±0.12	83.66±4.37	10.10±0.29	77.70±0.24
	HCD		85.49±0.09	85.49±0.09	10.50±0.21	0.47±0.00

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[1] Corresponding author e-mail address
Ayşe Uysal Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Atatürk, Erzurum, 25240, Turkey. Phone: +90 442 231 7181 Email:mrsvetayse@gmail.com