Hematology and Histopathology of Broiler Chickens Supplemented with Tuna Black Flour

Rebolledo, OFP; Barrera, JEM; Márquez, JG; Vázquez, AR; Casillas, ACG

doi:10.1590/1806-9061-2018-0917

ABSTRACT

The present study evaluated the effect of the sex and dietary intake of tuna black flour (TBF)on the hematology and histopathology of broiler chickens. A total of 200 sexed broilers (Ross 380) were distributed according to a completely randomized design into four treatments (25 males and 25 females/experimental group).Different levels of inclusion of TBF (0, 1, 2, and 3%) were offered as a source of ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3 PUFAs), for 42 d. At the end of the experiment, blood samples and tissues were collected. The hematocrit value (Hemat), total protein (PROT-T), hemoglobin concentration (Hemog), erythrocytes concentration (Erythro) and total count and differential of leucocytes (Leuco): lymphocytes, heterophils, monocytes, eosinophils, and basophils were determined. Statistical analysis of the data was performed using the Analysis of Variance test, Duncan’s multiple range test, and descriptive analyses (p<0.05). Samples of heart, liver, and bursa of Fabricius were processed with the routine histological technique. The sex had no significant effect on the hematology. The feeding additional with 3% TBF had lower level of Hemat value and PROT-T. The Leuco had lower value with 1 and 2% of TBF. The Monocytes showed low value with 1 and 2% of TBF, and the eosinophils had high level with 1% of TBF. No cardiac lesions were detected in the broiler chickens in all treatments, normal deposition of fat in the epicardium, endocardium and pericardium were seen in all treatments.

Keywords:
Broiler; Hematology; Histopathology; ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids; Tuna black flour

[1] Corresponding author e-mail address Arturo César García Casillas Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) in Agricultural Sciences - Universidad de Colima Ringgold standard institution - Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Tecomán, Colima, Colima 28040, Mexico. Phone: 313 3229407 Email:cesargarciacasillas@hotmail.com

Total lipids, %	8.32 ± 0.01
Total saturated fatty acids (SFA), mg/100 g	1814.68
Main SFA
Myristic (C_14:0)	137.25 ± 0.72
Palmitic (C_16:0)	1120.78 ± 35.12
Stearic (C_18:0)	356.40 ± 4.58
Total monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs), mg/100 g	1063.41
Main MUFAs
Palmitoleic (C16:1)	213.85 ± 8.09
Oleic acid (C18:1, ω-9)	708.40 ± 15.85
Total polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), mg/100 g	1579.80
Main PUFAs
Linoleic (C_{18:2, ω-6})	118.83 ± 3.50
α Linolenic (C_{18:3, ω-3})	33.72 ± 1.86
γ Linolenic (C_{18:3, ω-6})	11.44 ± 3.28
Arachidonic (C_20:4)	86.26 ± 3.28
Eicosapentaenoic (C_{20:5, ω-3})	258.88 ± 14.15
Docosahexaenoic (C_{22:6, ω-3})	1039.07 ± 47.79

Ingredient	Starter diets (1-4 d)				Grower diets (15-35 d)				Finisher diets (36-42 d)
	Tuna black flour (TBF, %)
	0	1	2	3	0	1	2	3	0	1	2	3
Sorghum	65.16	66.56	67.96	69.36	71.80	73.21	74.45	76.01	74.49	75.44	76.32	77.04
Soybean meal	28.03	26.26	24.48	22.70	21.54	19.77	18.06	16.21	18.55	16.94	15.41	14.03
Calcium phosphate	2.60	2.31	2.01	1.72	2.33	2.03	1.74	1.45	2.19	1.90	1.60	1.31
Calcium carbonate	0.76	0.71	0.66	0.62	0.71	0.66	0.62	0.57	0.73	0.68	0.63	0.58
Oil	1.97	1.57	1.18	0.78	1.70	1.31	1.00	0.52	2.23	2.23	2.23	2.23
Lysine	0.43	1.47	0.48	0.49	0.43	0.44	0.45	0.46	0.36	0.36	0.37	0.37
Methionine	0.41	0.39	0.39	0.39	0.41	0.40	0.40	0.40	0.32	0.32	0.32	0.32
Salt	0.35	0.35	0.35	0.35	0.35	0.35	0.35	0.35	0.35	0.35	0.35	0.35
Vitamin premix¹	0.10	0.10	0.10	0.10	0.10	0.10	0.10	0.10	0.10	0.10	0.10	0.10
Mineral premix²	0.10	0.10	0.10	0.10	0.10	0.10	0.10	0.10	0.10	0.10	0.10	0.10
Coccidiostate	0.05	0.05	0.05	0.05	0.05	0.05	0.05	0.05	0.05	0.05	0.05	0.05
Pigment	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.45	0.45	0.45	0.45	0.50	0.50	0.50	0.50
Calculated Analysis
CP %	20	20	20	20	18	18	18	18	17	17	18	18
ME kcal/kg	3000	3000	3000	3000	3050	3050	3050	3050	3070	3084	3121	3127
Calcium %	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	0.90	0.90	0.90	0.90	0.85	0.85	0.85	0.85
Phosphorus%	0.50	0.50	0.50	0.50	0.45	0.45	0.45	0.45	0.42	0.42	0.42	0.42
Methionine + cysteine %	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	0.90	0.90	0.90	0.90	0.83	0.83	0.83	0.83
Lysine %	1.40	1.40	1.40	1.40	1.20	1.20	1.20	1.20	1.06	1.06	1.06	1.06

Factor	Hemat¹	PROT-T²	Hemog³	Erythro⁴	Leuco⁵
Sex
Female	32.27±3.56a	3.95±0.51a	11.07±3.25a	1.98±0.41a	1.78±0.61a
Male	32.22±2.64^a	3.90±0.51^a	11.34±3.03^a	2.11±0.46^a	1.81±0.32^a
p ⁶	0.95	0.67	0.77	0.40	0.59
EEM⁷	1.77	0.71	1.77	0.66	0.38
Tuna black flour (TBF)
0%	33.10±1.96^a,b	4.12± 0.04^a	11.33±3.04^a	2.06±0.60^a	2.14±0.54^a
1%	33.80±3.32^a	4.04±0.63^a,b	11.65±3.63^a	2.21±0.50^a	1.64±0.39^b
2%	32.05±2.72^a,b	3.90±0.04^a,b	10.85±3.04^a	1.93±0.30^a	1.47±0.29^b
3%	30.04±2.86^b	3.64± 0.11^b	10.98±3.11^a	2.00±0.11^a	2.00±0.29^a
p ⁶	0.01	0.03	0.93	0.55	0.00
EEM⁷	1.69	0.62	1.79	0.66	0.63
Interaction
Female *0%TBF	32.30±1.78^a,b	4.22±0.25^a	12.72±3.95^a	2.00±0.22^a	2.27±0.71^a
Male *0%TBF	34.00±1.87^a	4.02±0.08^a	9.95±0.70^a	2.26±0.82^a	2.01±0.32^a,b
Female *1%TBF	35.40±3.57^a	4.04±0.50^a	12.69±4.31^a	2.29±0.54^a	1.45±0.35^a,b
Male *1%TBF	32.20±2.38^a,b	4.04±0.49^a	10.61±2.90^a	2.14±0.50^a	1.82±0.37^a,b
Female * 2%TBF	33.30±2.13^a,b	4.04±0.25^a	9.72±0.69^a	1.82±0.37^a	1.36±0.86^b
Male *2%TBF	30.80±2.86^a,b	3.76±0.46^a	11.97±4.15^a	2.05±0.17^a	1.57±0.39^a,b
Female * 3%TBF	28.18±2.33^a,b	3.50±0.33^a	9.13±1.47^a	1.98±0.19^a	2.43±0.77^a
Male *3%TBF	31.90±3.04^b	3.78±0.52^a	12.83±3.33^a	2.01±0.80^a	1.83±0.47^a,b
p ⁶	0.01	0.35	0.05	0.55	0.06
EEM⁷	1.60	0.62	1.74	0.67	0.61

Factor	Lymphocytes	Heterophils	Monocytes	Eosinophils	Basophils
Sex
Female	64.25 ± 16.75^a	26.80 ± 14.60^a	2.70 ± 2.02^a	3.05 ± 2.06^a	3.25 ± 2.29^a
Male	54.75 ± 17.66^a	35.70 ± 14.58^a	3.60 ± 2.56^a	2.60 ± 2.21^a	2.85 ± 2.43^a
p ¹	0.07	0.05	0.08	0.86	0.58
EEM²	4.14	3.81	1.51	1.45	0.52
Tuna black flour (TBF)
0%	52.10 ± 9.88^a	36.80 ± 8.41ª	4.30 ± 2.26^a	2.90 ± 0.73^b	3.90 ± 1.10^a
1%	53.30 ± 15.41^a	33.00 ± 14.46ª	5.10 ± 1.96^a	4.80 ± 2.14^a	3.80 ± 1.87ª
2%	69.90 ± 10.08^a	24.60 ± 10.04ª	1.30 ± 1.05^b	2.30 ± 0.61^b	2.80 ± 3.35ª
3%	62.70 ± 26.06^a	30.60 ± 22.79ª	1.90 ± 1.44^b	2.00 ± 0.52^b	1.70 ± 2.05ª
p ¹	0.06	0.30	0.00	0.00	0.13
EEM²	4.08	3.87	1.31	0.53	0.71
Interaction
Female *0%TBF	53.40 ± 2.40^a	35.40 ± 3.84^a	4.60 ± 2.40^a,b	2.80 ± 0.83^a	3.80 ± 1.09^a
Male *0%TBF	50.80 ± 14.48^a	38.20 ± 11.81^a	4.00 ± 2.34^a,b,c	3.00 ± 0.70^a	4.00 ± 1.22^a
Female *1%TBF	65.20 ± 6.72^a	21.80 ± 5.31^a	3.60 ± 0.89^a,b,c	4.80 ± 1.92^a	4.60 ± 2.07^a
Male *1%TBF	41.40 ± 11.63^a	44.20 ± 11.34^a	6.60 ± 1.51^a	4.80 ± 2.58^a	3.00 ± 1.41^a
Female * 2%TBF	72.80 ± 9.73^a	20.00 ± 6.36^a	1.20 ± 0.44^c	2.60 ± 1.34^a	3.40 ± 3.13^a
Male *2%TBF	67.00 ± 10.63^a	29.20 ± 11.56^a	1.40 ± 1.51^b,c	2.00 ± 1.50^a	2.20 ± 3.83^a
Female * 3%TBF	65.60 ± 30.76^a	30.00 ± 27.12^a	1.40 ± 1.51^b,c	2.00 ± 2.91^a	1.20 ± 1.30^a
Male *3%TBF	59.80 ± 23.70^a	31.20 ± 20.80^a	2.40 ± 1.34^b,c	2.00 ± 1.87^a	2.20 ± 2.68^a
p ¹	0.46	0.35	0.06	0.96	0.56
EEM²	4.03	3.79	1.27	0.79	1.02

Brasil

Brasil

Hematology and Histopathology of Broiler Chickens Supplemented with Tuna Black Flour

ABSTRACT