Sunflower Meal and Supplementation of an Enzyme Complex in Layer Diets

Araújo, WAG; Albino, LFT; Rostagno, HS; Pessoa, GBS; Cruz, SCS; Lelis, GR; Carneiro, PRO; Vieira, RA

doi:10.1590/1516-635X1703363-370

ABSTRACT

The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the performance of 64- to 79-wk-old laying hens fed diets supplemented with an enzyme complex (EC) and containing increasing sunflower meal (SFM) levels. A total of 384 Hy-Line Brown layers were distributed according to a randomized block design in a 4 × 2 factorial arrangement (four levels of SFM, and inclusion or not of EC), with eight replicates of six birds each unit. The levels of SFM inclusion were 0, 8, 16 and 24%, utilized in two distinct diets. Diets were calculated to meet all the nutritional requirements of birds, except for the nutrients that would be made available by the nutritional matrix of the enzyme complex, with or without utilization of EC. The parameters analyzed were feed intake (g/bird/day), egg production (%/bird/day), egg weight, egg mass (g/bird/day), feed conversion ratio per egg mass, feed conversion ratio per dozen eggs, body weight gain, egg components (yolk, albumen and eggshell) and the economic efficiency index (EEI). There was no interaction between EC addition and the SFM levels in the diet. The addition of EC in the diets of laying hens did not affect egg productive or components parameters. The increase in the SFM levels in the diet presented quadratic effect on egg production and feed conversion ratio per dozen eggs, with calculated optimal sunflower meal inclusion levels of 6.72% and 5.83%, respectively, for each parameter. The best economic efficiency per dozen eggs was obtained with the diet with 16.0% SFM and EC inclusion, whereas per egg mass with the diet with of 24.0% SFM and no EC addition.

Keywords:
Alternative feedstuffs; eggs quality; feed costs; poultry.

[1] Corresponding author e-mail address Wagner Azis Garcia de Araújo Rua Itagiba de Oliveira, nº 317, Muriaé, MG, Brazil. Zip code: 36880-000. E-mail: aziszoo@yahoo.com.br

	Without EC		With EC
Ingredients (%)	0%	8%	16%	24%	0%	8%	16%	24%
Corn	62.560	56.707	51.193	45.091	62.557	56.704	51.190	45.088
Soybean meal	24.154	20.739	17.019	13.803	24.152	20.737	17.016	13.801
Sunflower meal	0.000	8.000	16.000	24.000	0.000	8.000	16.000	24.000
Soybean oil	2.053	3.364	4.610	5.960	2.053	3.364	4.610	5.960
Dicalcium phosphate	1.338	1.336	1.335	1.332	1.338	1.336	1.335	1.332
Limestone	8.895	8.857	8.820	8.783	8.895	8.857	8.820	8.783
Salt	0.483	0.447	0.411	0.376	0.483	0.447	0.411	0.376
DL-Methionine 99%	0.197	0.185	0.176	0.163	0.197	0.185	0.176	0.163
L-Lysine HCl 99%	0.000	0.045	0.124	0.186	0.000	0.045	0.124	0.186
Vitamin premix ¹	0.100	0.100	0.100	0.100	0.100	0.100	0.100	0.100
Mineral premix ²	0.050	0.050	0.050	0.050	0.050	0.050	0.050	0.050
Choline chloride 60%	0.100	0.100	0.100	0.100	0.100	0.100	0.100	0.100
Anticoccidial (salinomycin 12%)	0.060	0.060	0.060	0.060	0.060	0.060	0.060	0.060
Antioxidant³	0.010	0.010	0.010	0.010	0.010	0.010	0.010	0.010
Enzyme complex	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.005	0.005	0.005	0.005
Calculated composition					0.005	0.005	0.005	0.005
Metabolizable energy, kcal/kg	2,850	2,850	2,850	2,850	2,900	2,900	2,900	2,900
Crude protein, %	16.2	16.2	16.2	16.2	16.5	16.5	16.5	16.5
Digestible lysine, %	0.747	0.733	0.740	0.744	0.755	0.741	0.747	0.752
Digestible methionine, %	0.434	0.433	0.434	0.433	0.437	0.437	0.438	0.437
Digestible methionine + cystine, %	0.668	0.668	0.668	0.668	0.674	0.674	0.674	0.674
Digestible threonine, %	0.548	0.540	0.528	0.522	0.554	0.546	0.534	0.528
Digestible tryptophan, %	0.173	0.175	0.176	0.180	0.175	0.178	0.179	0.182
Glycine+serine, %	1.455	1.475	1.484	1.511	1.455	1.475	1.484	1.511
Digestible valine, %	0.685	0.690	0.690	0.698	0.685	0.690	0.690	0.698
Digestible isoleucine, %	0.626	0.623	0.615	0.615	0.626	0.623	0.615	0.615
Digestible arginine, %	1.007	1.034	1.062	1.103	1.007	1.034	1.062	1.103
Digestible phenylalanine + tyrosine, %	1.259	1.264	1.260	1.270	1.259	1.264	1.260	1.270
Digestible histidine, %	0.418	0.412	0.403	0.398	0.418	0.412	0.403	0.398
Linoleic acid, %	1.473	3.193	3.776	4.406	1.473	3.193	3.776	4.406
Calcium, %	3.820	3.820	3.820	3.820	3.820	3.820	3.820	3.820
Available phosphorus, %	0.341	0.341	0.341	0.341	0.341	0.341	0.341	0.341
Sodium, %	0.209	0.209	0.209	0.209	0.209	0.209	0.209	0.209
Crude fiber, %	2.389	3.892	5.385	6.895	2.389	3.892	5.385	6.895
Neutral detergent fiber, %	10.698	13.152	15.604	18.056	10.698	13.152	15.604	18.056
Acid detergent fiber, %	4,185	5,407	6,617	7,846	4,185	5,407	6,617	7,846

Nutritional matrix	Per kg	Added with inclusion
Metabolizable energy, kcal/kg	1,000,000	50
Crude protein, %	7,200	0.360
Digestible lysine, %	150	0.008
Digestible methionine, %	70	0.004
Methionine + digestible cystine, %	120	0.006
Digestible threonine, %	120	0.006
Digestible tryptophan, %	35	0.002
Digestible arginine, %	170	0.009
Enzyme complex content (%)
Endo-1,3(4)-beta-glucanase	14.0
Xylanase	11.0
6-Phytase	5.0
Inert	70.0

Sunflower meal dry matter¹	91.37
Metabolizable energy, kcal/kg²	1,983
Crude protein, %¹	25.00
Digestible lysine, %²	0.634
Digestible methionine, %²	0.504
Methionine + cystine, %²	0.858
Digestible threonine, %²	0.765
Digestible tryptophan, %²	0.315
Total glycine + serine, %²	2.560
Digestible valine, %²	1.140
Digestible isoleucine, %²	0.970
Digestible arginine, %²	2.080
Digestible phenylalanine + tyrosine, %²	2.050
Digestible histidine, %²	0.570
Linoleic acid, %²	0.600
Ether extract, %¹	2.120
Mineral matter %¹	4.730
Calcium, %¹	0.140
Total phosphorus, %¹	0.939
Available phosphorus, %²	0.310
Sodium, %²	0.200
Crude fiber, %¹	22.37
Neutral detergent fiber, %¹	45.19
Acid detergent fiber, %¹	21.35

	Sunflower meal levels		0%	8%	16%	24%
	Feed intake (g)		Mean
With EC	105	105	105	109	106
Without EC	109	107	112	110	110
Mean	107	106	108	109
ANOVA	Treat= 0.8239^ns	SM^b = 0.3537^ns	Treat X SM^g = 0.7484^ns		CV(%) = 5.59
Probability	-	NS	NS
	Egg production (%)		Mean
With EC	89.6	89.6	88.8	88.3	89.1
Without EC	90.2	90.2	90.5	87.3	89.5
Mean	89.9	90.0	89.7	87.8
ANOVA	EC = 0.3436^ns	SFM = 0.0365^*	EC X SFM = 0.8781^ns		CV(%) = 4.19
Probability	-	Q	NS
	Egg weight (g)		Mean
With EC	64.2	65.2	64.6	65.9	65.0
Without EC	67.0	64.5	66.3	67.5	66.3
Mean	65.6	64.9	65.4	66.7
ANOVA	EC = 0.3640^ns	SFM = 0.6561^ns	EC X SFM = 0.2085^ns		CV(%) = 4.32
Probability	-	NS	NS
	Egg mass (g)		Mean
With EC	57.5	58.4	57.4	58.2	57.9
Without EC	60.4	58.2	60.0	58.9	59.3
Mean	59.0	58.4	58.7	58.6
ANOVA	EC = 0.1676^ns	SFM = 0.3734^ns	EC X SFM = 0.3923^ns		CV(%) = 5.88
Probability	-	NS	NS		Feed conversion ratio per dozen eggs (kg/dozen)		Mean
With EC	1.49	1.49	1.51	1.57	1.52
Without EC	1.54	1.51	1.57	1.61	1.56
Mean	1.52	1.50	1.54	1.59
ANOVA	EC = 0.8686^ns	SFM = 0.0150*	EC X SFM = 0.9212^ns		CV(%) = 5.82
Probability	-	Q	NS		Feed conversion ratio per egg mass (kg/kg)		Mean
With EC	1.94	1.90	1.96	1.99	1.95
Without EC	1.93	1.96	1.97	1.98	1.96
Mean	1.94	1.93	1.97	1.99
ANOVA	EC = 0.1788^ns	SFM = 0.0579^ns	EC X SFM = 0.9951^ns		CV(%) = 6.42
Probability	-	NS	NS

	Sunflower meal levels			0%	8%	16%	24%
	Yolk weight (g)		Mean
With EC	16.67	16.89	16.85	16.65	16.77
Without EC	17.25	16.94	16.57	17.14	16.97
Mean	16.96	16.91	16.71	16.9
ANOVA	EC = 0.1775^ns	SFM^b = 0.6620^ns	EC X SFM^g = 0.1686^ns		CV(%) = 3.60
Probability	-	NS	NS
	Albumen weight (g)		Mean
With EC	41.36	42.37	42.03	43.61	42.34
Without EC	43.46	41.22	43.16	42.83	42.67
Mean	42.41	41.8	42.59	43.22
ANOVA	EC = 0.6567^ns	SFM = 0.5887^ns	EC X SFM = 0.3450^ns		CV(%) = 5.85
Probability	-	NS	NS
	Eggshell weight (g)		Mean
With EC	6.18	6	6.06	6.21	6.11
Without EC	6.33	6.16	6.16	6.26	6.23
Mean	6.26	6.08	6.11	6.23
ANOVA	EC = 0.0567^ns	SFM = 0.0970^ns	EC X SFM = 0.9103^ns		CV(%) = 3.84
Probability	-	NS	NS
	Weight gain (g)		Mean
With EC	99	90	84	77	88
Without EC	91	73	78	78	80
Mean	95	82	81	78
ANOVA	EC = 0.9243^ns	SFM = 0.9977^ns	EC X SFM = 0.9798^ns		CV(%) = 6.78
Probability	-	NS	NS
	Economic efficiency index (%)
	Per dozen eggs		Mean
With EC	95.12	97.95	100.00	99.03	98.02
Without EC	92.03	96.66	96.18	96.57	95.36
Mean	93.57	97.30	98.09	97.80
	Per egg mass
With EC	93.04	97.83	98.11	99.5	97.12
Without EC	93.52	94.83	97.62	100	96.49
Mean	93.28	96.33	97.86	99.75

Brazil

Brazil

Sunflower Meal and Supplementation of an Enzyme Complex in Layer Diets

ABSTRACT