D-Dimer |
No |
No |
AAA, TAA |
Can be used to exclude acute aortic event in symptomatic patients |
CRP, IL-6, and leucocytes |
Possible |
Possible |
AAA, TAA |
Non-specific |
Homocysteine |
NA |
NA |
TAA |
Correlates with degree of atherosclerosis |
Lipoprotein (a) |
NA |
NA |
TAA |
Needs further investigation |
Collagen markers |
Possible |
NA |
TAA |
Tested clinically in a small study |
Elastin markers |
Potential |
Potential |
AAA |
Needs to be tested in TAA |
Fibrillin |
Potential |
Potential |
TAA |
Need further investigation |
MMPs |
Possible |
NA |
AAA, TAA |
Strong diagnostic value shown in a small study, possibly useful for evaluation of success of treatment |
ACE |
NA |
NA |
AAA, TAA |
Needs further investigation and clinical trials |
41-gene expression signature |
Possible |
NA |
TAA |
Promising, needs further clinical trials |
TGF-β |
Potential |
NA |
AAA, TAA |
Needs clinical trials |
CLU, DES, MYH10, and FBLN5 genes |
Possible |
NA |
TAA |
Needs clinical trials |
Deregulated micro RNA and messenger RNA[8888 Abu-Halima M, Kahraman M, Henn D, Rädle-Hurst T, Keller A, Abdul-Khaliq H, et al. Deregulated microRNA and mRNA expression profiles in the peripheral blood of patients with marfan syndrome. J Transl Med. 2018;16(1):60. doi:10.1186/s12967-018-1429-3. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12967-018-1429-...
]
|
NA |
NA |
TAA |
Needs clinical trials |
Mean telomere length of leucocytes |
NA |
NA |
TAA |
Sporadic TAA detection[5757 van Bogerijen GH, Tolenaar JL, Grassi V, Lomazzi C, Segreti S, Rampoldi V, et al. Biomarkers in TAA-the holy grail. Prog Cardiovasc Dis. 2013;56(1):109-15. doi:10.1016/j.pcad.2013.05.004. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pcad.2013.05.0...
]
|
Endothelin |
Possible |
Possible |
AAA |
Correlation with size of aneurysm |
Fibulins |
NA |
NA |
TAA |
Potential detection of TAA at an early stage[5757 van Bogerijen GH, Tolenaar JL, Grassi V, Lomazzi C, Segreti S, Rampoldi V, et al. Biomarkers in TAA-the holy grail. Prog Cardiovasc Dis. 2013;56(1):109-15. doi:10.1016/j.pcad.2013.05.004. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pcad.2013.05.0...
]
|
Filamins |
NA |
NA |
TAA |
Correlation with connective tissue disorders and BAV[5757 van Bogerijen GH, Tolenaar JL, Grassi V, Lomazzi C, Segreti S, Rampoldi V, et al. Biomarkers in TAA-the holy grail. Prog Cardiovasc Dis. 2013;56(1):109-15. doi:10.1016/j.pcad.2013.05.004. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pcad.2013.05.0...
]
|
Osteopontin |
NA |
NA |
TAA |
Needs further investigation and clinical trials |
Platelet-derived growth factor B |
Possible |
NA |
TAA |
Needs further investigation and clinical trials |
Haemostatic markers (plasminogen, fibrinogen) |
NA |
NA |
AAA |
Distinguish acutely symptomatic non-ruptured AAAs from ruptured AAAs[5757 van Bogerijen GH, Tolenaar JL, Grassi V, Lomazzi C, Segreti S, Rampoldi V, et al. Biomarkers in TAA-the holy grail. Prog Cardiovasc Dis. 2013;56(1):109-15. doi:10.1016/j.pcad.2013.05.004. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pcad.2013.05.0...
]
|
Thrombospondin-2[5757 van Bogerijen GH, Tolenaar JL, Grassi V, Lomazzi C, Segreti S, Rampoldi V, et al. Biomarkers in TAA-the holy grail. Prog Cardiovasc Dis. 2013;56(1):109-15. doi:10.1016/j.pcad.2013.05.004. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pcad.2013.05.0...
]
|
NA |
NA |
TAA |
|
Interferons |
NA |
NA |
TAA |
Potentially useful in early detection of TAA[5757 van Bogerijen GH, Tolenaar JL, Grassi V, Lomazzi C, Segreti S, Rampoldi V, et al. Biomarkers in TAA-the holy grail. Prog Cardiovasc Dis. 2013;56(1):109-15. doi:10.1016/j.pcad.2013.05.004. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pcad.2013.05.0...
]
|
SMAD |
NA |
NA |
TAA |
Presence in familial TAAs and in aneurysm osteoarthritis syndrome |
NT-proBNP |
NA |
NA |
TAA |
May detect TAAs[5757 van Bogerijen GH, Tolenaar JL, Grassi V, Lomazzi C, Segreti S, Rampoldi V, et al. Biomarkers in TAA-the holy grail. Prog Cardiovasc Dis. 2013;56(1):109-15. doi:10.1016/j.pcad.2013.05.004. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pcad.2013.05.0...
]
|