OBJECTIVE: To compare results of aortic valve replacement in patients with normal valve annulus and in those requiring annular enlargement. METHOD: Study includes 22 patients submitted to anterior and posterior annulus enlargement and 23 patients with a normal aortic annulus. Both groups were matched in gender, age, valvar lesion, etiology of cardiac disease and associated lesions. Patients with normal annuli had usual valve replacement. For those who required annular enlargement, posterior enlargement was performed by incision in the mid portion of the non-coronary sinus up to the anterior mitral leaflet. Anterior enlargement resulted from an incision between left and right coronary ostia extended to the ventricular septum for 2 cm. The aorta was reconstructed using bovine pericardium patches. The diameter of aortic annulus at surgery, clinical evolution (2 to 11 years follow-up) and left outflow tract obstruction (Doppler echocardiography) were considered. RESULTS: Enlargement increased aortic annulus from 18.3±2.2 mm to 24.8±2.0 mm (p<0.001), a value similar to those with normal aortic annulus: 24.9±1.5 mm (NS). Cardiopulmonary bypass time was longer in patients with enlargement (122.1±38.9 min vs 91.0±30.7 min; p<0.005), as was aortic cross-clamp time (91.6±20.7 min vs 68.0±23.5 min; p<0.001). For annular enlargement, peak systolic gradient at the prosthesis decreased from 83.6±22.3 mmHg (pre-operative) to 26.7±11.4 mmHg (p<0.01) in the last evaluation. For normal annulus, reduction from 68.2±28.7 mmHg to 32.8±16.2 mmHg occurred (p<0.001) (final values comparable between groups; NS). CONCLUSION: The anterior and posterior aortic annulus enlargement technique allowed an increase in the annular diameter and valvar prosthesis, providing up to 11 years follow-up, a clinical and echocardiographic result similar to those observed in patients with valve replacement with a normal annulus.
Aortic valve stenosis; Heart valve diseases; Heart valve prosthesis
