Hartman ME et al.[11 Hartman ME, Hernandez RA, Patel K, Wagner TE, Trinh T, Lipke AB, et al. COVID-19 respiratory failure: targeting inflammation on VV-ECMO support. ASAIO J. 2020;66(6):603-6. doi:10.1097/MAT.0000000000001177. https://doi.org/10.1097/MAT.000000000000...
]
|
1 |
44 |
1 (100%) |
- |
1 (100%) |
VV-ECMO |
Hospital discharge. |
The study suggests caution with the applicability of ECMO based on the experience of a single patient. |
Case report |
Zeng Y et al.[22 Zeng Y, Cai Z, Xianyu Y, Yang BX, Song T, Yan Q. Prognosis when using extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) for critically ill COVID-19 patients in China: a retrospective case series. Crit Care. 2020;24(1):148. doi:10.1186/s13054-020-2840-8. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13054-020-2840-...
]
|
12 |
Mean age: 50.9 (35-76) |
11 (91.7%) |
1 (8.3%) |
12 (100%) |
Not specified |
3 (25%) patients evolved without ECMO; 4 (33.3%) patients still alive with ECMO, but 2 in a coma; 5 (41.7%) patients died. |
The paper suggests further studies on the use of ECMO in patients with COVID-19, and caution is needed to recommend ECMO to patients with COVID-19 in critical condition |
Case series |
Marullo A et al.[44 Marullo AG, Cavarretta E, Biondi-Zoccai G, Mancone M, Peruzzi M, Piscioneri F, et al. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for critically ill patients with coronavirus-associated disease 2019: an updated perspective of the European experience. Minerva Cardioangiol. 2020. doi:10.23736/S0026-4725.20.05328-1. https://doi.org/10.23736/S0026-4725.20.0...
]
|
333 |
Mean age: 51.8 |
- |
48 (14.4%) |
157 (47.1%) |
(149) VV-ECMO; (5) VA-ECMO; (2) VAV-ECMO; (1) VVV-ECMO |
54 patients evolved with weaning from ECMO (18.1%), 57 (17.1%) patients died, the outcomes of the other patients were not reported. |
The study suggests international validation of its findings and further studies on the topic. |
Retrospective analysis |
Median age: 54 (16-74) |
Li X et al.[66 Li X, Guo Z, Li B, Zhang X, Tian R, Wu W, et al. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for Coronavirus disease 2019 in Shanghai, China. ASAIO J. 2020;66(5):475-81. doi:10.1097/MAT.0000000000001172. https://doi.org/10.1097/MAT.000000000000...
]
|
8 |
Mean age: 64,25 |
6 (75%) |
2 (25%) |
8 (100%) |
(7) VV-ECMO and (1) VA-ECMO |
3 (37.5%) patients evolved with improvement, 1 (12.5%) patient remained on mechanical ventilation, and 4 (50%) patients died. |
The study reports that support for oxygenation by extracorporeal membrane can be an integral part of the critical care provided to patients with COVID-19 in centers with advanced knowledge in ECMO. |
Case series |
Median age: 64,5 (25-81) |
Wang D et al.[1010 Wang D, Hu B, Hu C, Zhu F, Liu X, Zhang J, et al. Clinical characteristics of 138 hospitalized patients with 2019 novel Coronavirus-infected pneumonia in Wuhan, China. JAMA. 2020;323(11):1061-9. doi:10.1001/jama.2020.1585. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2020.1585...
]
|
138 |
Median age: 56 (22-92) |
75 (54.3%) |
63 (45.7%) |
4 (2.9%) |
Not specified |
- |
- |
Case series |
Jacobs JP et al.[1717 Jacobs JP, Stammers AH, St Louis J, Hayanga JWA, Firstenberg MS, Mongero LB, et al. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in the treatment of severe pulmonary and cardiac compromise in Coronavirus disease 2019: experience with 32 patients. ASAIO J. 2020;66(7):722-30. doi:10.1097/MAT.0000000000001185. https://doi.org/10.1097/MAT.000000000000...
]
|
32 |
Mean and median age: 52.41 |
22 (68.8%) |
10 (31.2%) |
32 (100%) |
(25) VV-ECMO; (3) VA-ECMO; (1) VAV to VV-ECMO; (1) VV to VVA-ECMO; (1) VV to VVV-ECMO; (1) not specified |
17 (53.12%) patients remain on ECMO, 10 (31.25%) patients died before or shortly after decannulation, and 5 (15.62%) patients are alive and extubated after ECMO removal, with 1 (3.12%) patient discharged from hospital. |
The study states that their data can help define the best strategies to care for these patients and provide a framework for future research on the use of ECMO to treat patients with COVID-19. |
Real-time cohort |
Taniguchi H et al.[1313 Taniguchi H, Ogawa F, Honzawa H, Yamaguchi K, Niida S, Shinohara M, et al. Veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for severe pneumonia: COVID-19 case in Japan. Acute Med Surg. 2020;7(1):e509. doi:10.1002/ams2.509. https://doi.org/10.1002/ams2.509...
]
|
1 |
72 |
- |
1 (100%) |
1 (100%) |
VV-ECMO |
The patient spent 6 days on ECMO treatment (on the 12th day of hospitalization), with an improvement in chest radiography. The respirator was removed after tracheostomy on the 19th day of hospitalization. |
The treatment of severe pneumonia in COVID-19 by ECMO must recognize pulmonary plasticity, considering the time for the introduction of ECMO and interstitial biomarkers. |
Case report |
Barrasa H et al.[2020 Barrasa H, Rello J, Tejada S, Martín A, Balziskueta G, Vinuesa C, et al. SARS-CoV-2 in Spanish intensive care units: early experience with 15-day survival in Vitoria. Anaesth Crit Care Pain Med. 2020;39(5):553-61. doi:10.1016/j.accpm.2020.04.001. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.accpm.2020.04....
]
|
48 |
Median age: 63 (51-75) |
27 (56.3%) |
21 (43.7%) |
1 (2.1%) |
VV-ECMO |
- |
The study suggests that the correct oxygenation saves lives and that the clinical observations provide useful information that can help improve management and results. |
Case series |
Sultan I et al.[1818 Sultan I, Habertheuer A, Usman AA, Kilic A, Gnall E, Friscia ME, et al. The role of extracorporeal life support for patients with COVID-19: preliminary results from a statewide experience. J Card Surg. 2020;35(7):1410-3. doi:10.1111/jocs.14583. https://doi.org/10.1111/jocs.14583...
]
|
10 |
31-62 |
7 (70%) |
3 (30%) |
10 (100%) |
VV-ECMO |
2 (20%) patients were successfully released from ECMO support, 1 (10%) patient is currently undergoing weaning, and 1 patient (10%) died after 9 days of ECMO due to multiorgan dysfunction. All other patients remain on ECMO. |
The paper reports that its data can guide intensive care management and resource allocation of the intensive care unit and ECMO infrastructure, in addition to being an attempt to characterize the patient population using ECMO to help establish selection criteria. |
Case series |
Firstenberg MS et al.[1919 Firstenberg MS, Stahel PF, Hanna J, Kotaru C, Crossno J Jr, Forrester J. Successful COVID-19 rescue therapy by extra-corporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) for respiratory failure: a case report. Patient Saf Surg. 2020;14:20. doi:10.1186/s13037-020-00245-7. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13037-020-00245...
]
|
1 |
51 |
- |
1 (100%) |
1 (100%) |
VV-ECMO |
Patient was extubated after 11 days of treatment, being discharged after other 11 days of extubation. |
The study suggests timely referral to a tertiary center with established experience and standardized ECMO protocols, if it is considered a treatment for COVID-19. It also suggests future prospective multicenter studies to validate its findings in a larger cohort of patients. |
Case report |
Zhan WQ et al.[1111 Zhan WQ, Li MD, Xu M, Lu YB. Successful treatment of COVID-19 using extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, a case report. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2020;24(6):3385-9. doi:10.26355/eurrev_202003_20705. https://doi.org/10.26355/eurrev_202003_2...
]
|
1 |
54 |
1 (100%) |
- |
1 (100%) |
VV-ECMO |
Patient left ECMO 5 days after treatment with normal vital signs, but remained on mechanical ventilation for another 10 days. The patient received oxygen inhalation for another 6 days, being discharged from the hospital on February 24. |
The study strongly recommends ECMO treatment since the beginning of the illness in critical patients with COVID-19 and warns that the patient's clotting function and blood gases need to be monitored regularly to decide how long to use ECMO. |
Case report |
Nakamura K et al.[1414 Nakamura K, Hikone M, Shimizu H, Kuwahara Y, Tanabe M, Kobayashi M, et al. A sporadic COVID-19 pneumonia treated with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in Tokyo, Japan: a case report. J Infect Chemother. 2020;26(7):756-61. doi:10.1016/j.jiac.2020.03.018. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jiac.2020.03.0...
]
|
1 |
45 |
1 (100%) |
- |
1 (100%) |
Not specified |
The patient was decannulated after 11 days using ECMO and was discharged 12 days later. |
- |
Case report |
Bemtgen et al.[2626 Bemtgen X, Krüger K, Supady A, Duerschmied D, Schibilsky D, Bamberg F, et al. First successful treatment of Coronavirus disease 2019 induced refractory cardiogenic plus vasoplegic shock by combination of percutaneous ventricular assist device and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation: a case report. ASAIO J. 2020;66(6):607-9. doi:10.1097/MAT.0000000000001178. https://doi.org/10.1097/MAT.000000000000...
]
|
1 |
52 |
1 (100%) |
- |
1 (100%) |
VA-VV ECMO |
ECMO continued to function, even after 24 days of treatment. |
- |
Case report |
Giani et al.[2121 Giani M, Seminati D, Lucchini A, Foti G, Pagni F. Exuberant plasmocytosis in bronchoalveolar lavage specimen of the first patient requiring extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for SARS-CoV-2 in Europe. J Thorac Oncol. 2020;15(5):e65-6. doi:10.1016/j.jtho.2020.03.008. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtho.2020.03.0...
]
|
1 |
66 |
1 (100%) |
- |
1 (100%) |
VV-ECMO |
- |
- |
Case report |
Japan ECMsOne.[1515 Japan ECMOnet for COVID-19. Nationwide system to centralize decisions around ECMO use for severe COVID-19 pneumonia in Japan (special correspondence). J Intensive Care. 2020;8:29. Erratum in: J Intensive Care. 2020;8:38. doi:10.1186/s40560-020-00445-4. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40560-020-00445...
]
|
26 |
Mean age: 71 (45-81)
|
- |
- |
26 (100%) |
Not specified |
16 (62%) patients were weaned, 6 (26%) patients were extubated and referred for rehabilitation, and 10 (38%) patients remained on ECMO. The available data from the first 14 cases demonstrated that the median number of days between intubation and ECMO was 3 days (range 0–9 days). |
The study concludes that patients who presented a preserved lung compliance phenotype were probably favored by the use of ECMO and indicates the adoption of a real-time discussion platform to guide the use of ECMO. Finally, it is suggested further research to classify the ideal use of ECMO in patients with COVID-19. |
Cross-sectional study |
Kato et al.[1616 Kato H, Shimizu H, Shibue Y, Hosoda T, Iwabuchi K, Nagamine K, et al. Clinical course of 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in individuals present during the outbreak on the Diamond Princess cruise ship. J Infect Chemother. 2020;26(8):865-9. doi:10.1016/j.jiac.2020.05.005. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jiac.2020.05.0...
]
|
70 |
Mean age: 67 (54-72) |
47 (67.1%) |
23 (32.9%) |
2 (2.85%) |
VV-ECMO |
Patients were successfully treated and survived at the end of the observation period: 1 patient was extubated on day 13 of ventilation and the other one was intubated for 23 days using VV-ECMO. |
- |
Case series |
Yu et al.[1212 Yu Y, Xu D, Fu S, Zhang J, Yang X, Xu L, et al. Patients with COVID-19 in 19 ICUs in Wuhan, China: a cross-sectional study. Crit Care. 2020;24(1):219. doi:10.1186/s13054-020-02939-x. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13054-020-02939...
]
|
226 |
Mean age: 64 (57-70) |
139 (61.5%) |
87 (38.5%) |
14 (6.2%) |
Not specified |
- |
- |
Cross-sectional study |
Schmiady et al.[2222 Schmiady MO, Sromicki J, Kucher N, Ouda A. Successful percutaneous thrombectomy in a patient with COVID-19 pneumonia and acute pulmonary embolism supported by extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. Eur Heart J. 2020;41(32):3107. doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehaa403. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehaa40...
]
|
1 |
54 |
- |
1 (100%) |
1 (100%) |
VV-ECMO |
- |
- |
Case series |