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Original article • Rev. bras. cineantropom. desempenho hum 21 • 2019 • https://doi.org/10.5007/1980-0037.2019v21e60066 copy

Physical activity and nutritional habits among Physical Education undergraduates: a crosssectional study in Brasília

Atividade física e hábitos nutricionais entre estudantes de Educação Física: um estudo transversal em Brasília

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

Studies carried out in Brazil have demonstrated that the lifestyle profile of university students presents worrying deficiencies in respect to physical activity and eating habits. The aim was to evaluate the dietary habit and physical activity profile of physical education students and investigate the association between nutritional status, physical activity and eating habits. A cross-sectional design with 903 Physical Education students. All the questions were extracted from the Surveillance of Risk and Protective Factors for Chronic Diseases (Vigitel). The women were found to be more sedentary (p<0.01) and showed a higher prevalence of obesity. Those who did not practice physical activity had a high prevalence of having a chronic disease. The men had a more adequate diet and physical activity profile. Studies that focus on promoting healthy habits should be inserted early in the universities.

Key words
Students; Feeding behavior; Exercise; Universities

Variable		N	%
Sex
	Female	518	57.4
	Male	385	42.6
Age (years)
	≤ 19	143	15.8
	20-29	610	67.6
	≥ 30	150	16.6
Socioeconomic level
	A	23	2.6
	B	230	25.5
	C	515	57.0
	D	135	15.0
Self-perception of health
	Excellent	153	16.9
	Very good	262	29.0
	Good	357	39.5
	Fair	109	12.1
	Poor	22	2.4
Smoking
	Yes	263	29.1
	No	640	70.9
Use of alcohol
	Yes	621	68.7
	No	282	31.2
Nutritional status
	Underweight	40	4.4
	Normal weight	531	58.8
	Overweight	300	33.2
	Obese	32	3.5
PA >150 min/week
	Yes	646	71.5
	No	257	28.5
	Total	903	100

		Total			Female			Male			p-
Variables		N	%	95% CI	N	%	95% CI	N	%	95% CI	value
Protective factors
Consumption on five or more days per week
	Fruit consumption (≥ 5 times/week)	467	51.7	48.4 - 54.9	273	52.7	48.4 - 57.0	194	50.3	45.4 - 55.3	0.49
	Raw salad consumption (≥ 5 times/ week)	379	41.9	38.7 - 45.1	203	39.1	34.9 - 43.3	176	45.7	40.7 - 50.6	0.04^* * Chi-square test
	Greens or vegetables consumption (≥ 5 times/week)	459	50.8	47.5 - 54.0	261	50.3	46.0 - 54.7	198	51.4	46.4 - 56.4	0.76
	Beans consumption (≥ 5 times/week)	658	72.8	69.9 - 75.7	368	71.0	67.1 - 74.9	290	75.3	71.0 - 79.6	0.15
Risk factors
	Soft drinks consumption (≥ 5 times/ week)	151	16.7	14.2 - 19.1	52	10.0	7.4 - 12.6	99	25.7	21.3 - 30.0	< 0.01^* * Chi-square test
	Habitual intake of full-fat milk	334	36.9	33.8 - 40.1	213	41.1	36.8 - 45.3	121	31.4	26.7 - 36.0	< 0.01^* * Chi-square test
	Habitual intake of meat with visible fat	281	31.1	28.1 - 34.1	165	31.8	27.8 - 35.8	116	30.1	25.5 - 34.7	0.58
	Physically inactive (< 150 min of PA per week)	257	28.4	25.5 - 31.4	178	34.3	30.2 - 38.4	79	20.5	16.4 - 24.5	< 0.01^* * Chi-square test
	Smoking	263	29.1	26.1 - 32.0	129	24.9	21.1 - 28.6	134	34.8	30.0 - 39.5	< 0.01^* * Chi-square test
	Use of alcohol	621	68.7	65.7 - 71.7	344	66.4	62.3 - 70.4	277	71.9	67.4 - 76.4	0.08
	Overweight (BMI ≥25 and < 30 kg/m²)	300	33.2	30.1 - 36.2	162	31.2	27.2 - 35.2	138	35.8	31.0 - 40.6	0.19
	Obesity (BMI ≥30 kg/m²)	32	3.5	2.3 - 4.7	22	4.2	2.5 - 5.9	10	2.6	1.0 - 4.1	0.45
Self-reported diseases
	Arterial hypertension	28	3.1	1.9 - 4.2	17	3.2	1.7 - 4.8	11	2.8	1.2 - 4.5	0.72
	Diabetes mellitus	43	4.7	3.3 - 6.1	29	5.6	3.6 - 7.5	14	3.6	1.7 - 5.5	0.17
	High cholesterol levels	136	15.0	12.7 - 17.3	90	17.3	14.1 - 20.6	46	11.9	8.7 - 15.1	0.02^* * Chi-square test
	Dyslipidemia	20	2.2	1.2 - 3.1	12	2.3	1.0 - 3.6	8	2.0	0.6 - 3.5	0.81
Health life score
	Low	174	19.2	16.7 - 21.8	103	19.8	16.4 - 23.3	71	18.4	14.5 - 22.3	0.59
	Moderate/High	729	80.7	78.1 - 83.3	415	80.1	76.6 - 83.5	314	81.5	77.6 - 85.4	0.59

Variables				PA >150 min/weeks				p-value
			No (n=257)			Yes (n=646)
		N	%	95% CI	N	%	95% CI
Nutritional status								0.57
	Underweight	14	5.4	2.6 - 8.2	26	4.0	2.5 - 5.5
	Normal weight	144	56.0	49.9 - 62.1	387	59.9	56.1 - 63.6
	Overweight	91	35.4	29.5 - 41.2	209	32.3	28.7 - 35.9
	Obese	8	3.1	0.9 - 5.2	24	3.7	2.2 - 5.1
Alcohol consumption
	No	84	32.6	26.9 - 38.4	198	30.6	27.0 - 34.2	0.55
	Yes	173	67.3	61.5 - 73.0	448	69.3	65.7 - 72.9	0.55
Smoking
	No	180	70.0	64.4 - 75.6	460	71.2	67.7 - 74.7	0.73
	Yes	77	29.9	24.3 - 35.5	186	28.7	25.3 - 32.2	0.73
Consumption of fruit ( ≥ 5 times/week)
	No	152	59.1	53.1 - 65.1	284	43.9	40.1 - 47.7	<0.01*
	Yes	105	40.8	34.8 - 46.8	362	56.0	52.2 - 59.8	<0.01*
Consumption of salad ( ≥ 5 times/week)
	No	166	64.5	58.7 - 70.4	358	55.4	51.5 - 59.2	0.01*
	Yes	91	35.4	29.5 - 41.2	288	44.5	40.7 - 48.4	0.01*
Consumption of greens ( ≥ 5 times/week)
	No	138	53.7	47.6 - 59.8	306	47.3	43.5 - 51.2	0.09
	Yes	119	46.3	40.2 - 52.4	340	52.6	48.7 - 56.4	0.09
Consumption of beans ( ≥5 times/week)
	No	74	28.7	23.2 - 34.3	171	26.4	23.0 - 29.8	0.48
	Yes	183	71.2	65.6 - 76.7	475	73.5	70.1 - 76.9	0.48
Consumption of soft drinks ( ≥ 5 times/week)
	No	237	92.2	88.9 - 95.4	515	79.7	76.6 - 82.8	<0.01*
	Yes	20	7.7	4.5 - 11.0	131	20.2	17.1 - 23.3	<0.01*
Consumption of full fat milk
	No	162	63.0	57.1 - 68.9	407	63	59.2 - 66.7	0.99
	Yes	95	36.9	31.0 - 42.8	239	37	33.2 - 40.7	0.99
Consumption of meat with visible fat
	No	169	65.7	59.9 - 71.5	453	70.1	66.5 - 73.6	0.20
	Yes	88	34.2	28.4 - 40.0	193	29.8	26.3 - 33.4	0.20
Arterial hypertension
	No	243	94.5	91.7 - 97.3	632	97.8	96.7 - 98.9	0.01*
	Yes	14	5.4	2.6 - 8.2	14	2.1	1.0 - 3.2	0.01*
Diabetes mellitus
	No	233	90.6	87.1 - 94.2	627	97.0	95.7 - 98.3	<0.01*
	Yes	24	9.3	5.7 - 12.9	19	2.9	1.6 - 4.2	<0.01*
High cholesterol levels
	No	197	76.6	71.4 - 81.8	570	88.2	85.7 - 90.7	<0.01*
	Yes	60	23.3	18.1 - 28.5	76	11.7	9.2 - 14.2	<0.01*
Dyslipidemia
	No	253	98.4	96.9 - 99.9	630	97.5	96.3 - 98.7	0.40
	Yes	4	1.5	0.0 - 3.0	16	2.4	1.2 - 3.6	0.40

Variable		Nutritional status												p-value
		Underweight (n = 40)			Normal weight (n = 531)			Overweight (n = 300)				Obese (n = 32)
		N	%	95% CI	N	%	95% CI	N	%	95% CI	N	%	95% CI
Alcohol consumption
	No	12	30.0	15.8 - 44.2	169	31.8	27.8 - 35.7	89	29.6	24.5 - 34.8	12	37.5	20.7 - 54.2	0.79
	Yes	28	70.0	55.8 - 84.2	362	68.1	64.2 - 72.1	211	70.3	65.1 - 75.5	20	62.5	45.7 - 79.2	0.79
Smoking
	No	32	80.0	67.6 - 92.4	368	69.3	65.3 - 73.2	214	71.3	66.2 - 76.4	26	81.2	67.7 - 94.7	0.27
	Yes	8	20.0	7.6 - 32.4	163	30.7	26.7 - 34.6	86	28.6	23.5 - 33.7	6	18.7	5.2 - 32.2	0.27
Consumption of fruit (≥ 5 times/week)
	No	18	45.0	29.5 - 60.4	257	48.4	44.1 - 52.6	148	49.3	43.6 - 54.9	13	40.6	23.6 - 57.6	0.79
	Yes	22	55.0	39.5 - 70.4	274	51.6	47.3 - 55.8	152	50.6	45.0 - 56.3	19	59.3	42.3 - 76.4	0.79
Consumption of salad ( ≥ 5 times/week)
	No	26	65.0	50.2 - 79.7	315	59.3	55.1 - 63.5	172	57.3	51.7 - 62.9	11	34.3	17.9 - 50.8	0.04^* * Chi-square test
	Yes	14	35.0	20.2 - 49.7	216	40.6	36.5 - 44.6	128	42.6	37.0 - 48.2	21	65.6	49.1 - 82.0	0.04^* * Chi-square test
Consumption of greens ( ≥ 5 times/week)
	No	25	62.5	47.5 - 77.5	265	49.9	45.6 - 54.1	143	47.7	42.0 - 53.3	11	34.3	17.9 - 50.8	0.11
	Yes	15	37.5	22.5 - 52.5	266	50.0	45.8 - 54.3	157	52.3	46.6 - 57.9	21	65.6	49.1 - 82.0	0.11
Consumption of beans ( ≥ 5 times/week)
	No	8	20.0	7.6 - 32.4	146	27.5	23.7 - 31.3	77	25.6	20.7 - 30.6	14	43.7	26.5 - 60.9	0.12
	Yes	32	80.0	67.6 - 92.4	385	72.5	68.7 - 76.3	223	74.3	69.3 - 79.2	18	56.2	39.0 - 73.4	0.12
Consumption of soft drinks ( ≥ 5 times/week)
	No	36	90.0	80.7 - 99.3	444	83.6	80.4 - 86.7	246	82.0	77.6 - 86.3	26	81.2	67.7 - 94.7	0.62
	Yes	4	10.0	0.7 - 19.3	87	16.3	13.2 - 19.5	54	18.0	13.6 - 22.3	6	18.7	5.2 - 32.2	0.62
Consumption of full fat milk
	No	28	70.0	55.8 - 8.,2	328	61.7	57.6 - 65.9	192	64.0	58.5 - 69.4	21	65.6	49.1 - 82.0	0.70
	Yes	12	30.0	15.8 - 44.2	203	38.2	34.1 - 42.3	108	36.0	30.5 - 41.4	11	34.3	17.9 - 50.8	0.70
Consumption of meat with visible fat
	No	23	57.5	42.1 - 72.8	373	70.2	66.3 - 74.1	200	66.6	61.3 - 70.0	26	81.2	67.7 - 94.7	0.12
	Yes	17	42.5	27.1 - 57.8	158	29.7	25.8 - 33.6	100	33.3	28.0 - 38.6	6	18.7	5.2 - 32.2	0.12
PA >150 min/week
	No	14	25.0	20.2 - 49.7	144	27.1	23.3 - 30.9	91	30.3	25.1 - 35.5	8	25.0	10.0 - 40.0	0.57
	Yes	26	65.0	50.2 - 79.7	387	72.8	69.1 - 76.6	209	69.6	64.4 - 74.8	24	75.0	60.0 - 90.0	0.57

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