Background:
Spontaneous coronary artery dissection is a rare cause of acute coronary syndrome and diagnosis is made by necropsy in more than 70% of the cases. Optimal treatment is still uncertain, and the treatment options are percutaneous coronary intervention, coronary artery bypass surgery and medical therapy. The objective of this study was to evaluate the clinical characteristics, treatment modalities and outcome of a series of cases with spontaneous coronary artery dissection.
Methods:
Retrospective, single-center study, based on the analysis of the database at a high-complexity cardiology service.
Results:
We identified 25 patients with spontaneous coronary artery dissection, 56% were female, with a mean age of 48.8 ± 10 years. Only 24% had no risk factor for atherosclerosis and in 92% of the cases, the clinical presentation was of acute coronary syndrome. The left anterior descending artery was the most commonly affected vessel (48,1%) and there was only one case involving multiple vessels. The conservative approach was used in 56%, percutaneous coronary intervention in 40% and coronary artery bypass grafting in 4%. The in-hospital and late event-free survival was 92% and 84.2%, respectively.
Conclusions:
Spontaneous coronary artery dissection predominated in young women, with at least one risk factor for coronary artery disease. The choice of different therapeutic strategies confirms the still controversial nature of the optimal approach for spontaneous coronary artery dissection. We believe that individualized therapy is still the optimal modality.
Coronary artery disease; Myocardial infarction; Percutaneous coronary intervention
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