BACKGROUND: Balloon aortic valvuloplasty still remains a debatable procedure in the literature. In this paper, we report the immediate results of this procedure using the carotid access. METHOD: Longitudinal study of a cohort of patients with severe or critical congenital aortic valvular stenosis with up to six months of age treated with balloon aortic valvuloplasty from 1997 to 2008. RESULTS: Between March 1997 and March 2008, 25 procedures were performed in 24 patients (79% males) with mean age of 1.4 ± 1.0 months (0.1-4 months) and mean weight of 3.7 ± 1.2 kg (1.1-5.2 kg). The balloon-annulus ratio was 0.93 ± 0.1. There were 4 procedure-related deaths (17%), three of them due to left ventricular dysfunction and one due to the dissection of the left sinus of Valsalva during positioning of the guide wire and sheath prior valvuloplasty. The peak transvalvar systolic gradient at echocardiography decreased from 86 ± 25 mmHg to 36 ± 15 mmHg whereas the peak-to-peak gradient decreased from 61 ± 36 mmHg to 29 ± 17 mmHg after the procedure. There was significant improvement of ventricular function in patients with previous dysfunction. There was worsening or de-novo aortic failure in 10 patients, which did not require immediate surgical intervention. Ventricular tachycardia or ventricular fibrillation was observed in 4 patients. During follow-up, valve surgery was required in 2 of 7 patients. CONCLUSIONS: Although still associated to significant morbidity and mortality, balloon aortic valvuloplasty is effective in reducing transvalvar gradient and in preserving left ventricular function and may delay the need for surgical intervention.
Aortic valve stenosis; Angioplasty, transluminal, percutaneous coronary/methods; Cardiac surgical procedures; Echocardiography; Infant, newborn; Neonate; Infant; Adolescent
