Cardiac catheterization and ancillary procedures provide invaluable information for the detection of heart disease and the assessment of cardiac function. Raw data are collected in the course of the investigation and then processed, yielding hemodynamic and mechanical variables which can be evaluated qualitatively and quantitatively against the known standards. Precise recordings are clearly indispensable for a reliable hemodynamic evaluation: to accomplish this objective, the use of an appropriate instrument system must be made. A modern instrument system for physiologic recording consists of three main components, namely, transducer, amplifier, and indicator. The adequacy of an instrument system depends on the performance of its components: stability, sensitivity, linearity and an adequate frequency response. If the information is considered important enough to perform hemodynamic measurements, the operators should take the time to obtain pressure waveforms that are reliable and unequivocal, separating artifact from pathology. With the fundamentals analyzed in this paper, we would like to point out that, all due attention should be paid to the pressure waves used in the interpretation of the physiopathology of cardiovascular illness.
Blood pressure; Manometry; Blood pressure determination, instrumentation
