Arenas et al.1818 Segado Arenas A, Flores González JC, Rubio Quiñones F, Quintero Otero S, Hernández González A, Pantoja Rosso S. Obstruction iatrogène sévère de la voie aérienne par un lymphangiome lingual. Arch Pediatr. 2011;18(9):983-6., 2011 |
1 |
Cervicofacial = 1 |
No |
No |
Small or none = 1 |
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) |
No |
Boardman et al.88 Boardman SJ, Cochrane LA, Roebuck D, Elliott MJ, Hartley BE. Multimodality treatment of pediatric lymphatic malformations of the head and neck using surgery and sclerotherapy. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2010;136(3):270-6., 2010 |
37 |
Cervicofacial = 37 |
Not informed |
Surgery (number of patients not reported) |
Not informed |
Clinical |
Not informed |
Chen et al.2121 Chen WL, Huang ZQ, Chai Q, Zhang DM, Wang YY, Wang HJ, et al. Percutaneous sclerotherapy of massive macrocystic lymphatic malformations of the face and neck using fibrin glue with OK-432 and bleomycin. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2011;40(6):572-6., 2011 |
15 |
Cervicofacial = 15 |
No |
Fibrin glue and bleomycin |
Complete = 7; partial = 8 |
Computed tomography (CT) |
No |
Churchill el al.55 Churchill P, Otal D, Pemberton J, Ali A, Flageole H, Walton JM. Sclerotherapy for lymphatic malformations in children: a scoping review. J Pediatr Surg. 2011;46(5):912-22., 2011 |
318 |
Cervicofacial = 326; trunk = 38; limbs = 99 |
Not informed |
Not informed |
Complete = 178; partial = 88; small or none = 52 |
MRI or CT |
No |
Claesson et al.1414 Claesson G, Kuylenstierna R. OK-432 therapy for lymphatic malformation in 32 patients (28 children). Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2002;65(1):1-6., 2002 |
32 |
Not specified |
Aspiration only (2); ethanol and laser (2); multiple surgeries (1) |
Not informed |
Complete = 26; partial = 5; small or none = 1 |
MRI or CT |
No |
García et al.77 García AL, Navarro RB, Cardeñosa AL, Navarro CD. Resultado sin éxito en el tratamiento de un linfangioma orbitario con OK-432. Arch Soc Esp Oftalmol. 2012;87(1):17-9., 2012 |
1 |
Cervicofacial = 1 |
No |
No |
Small or none = 1 |
CT |
No |
Gilony et al.2323 Gilony D, Schwartz M, Shpitzer T, Feinmesser R, Kornreich L, Raveh E. Treatment of lymphatic malformations: a more conservative approach. J Pediatr Surg. 2012;47(10):1837-42., 2012 |
20 |
Cervicofacial = 19; limbs = 1 |
Not informed |
No |
Complete = 9; partial = 10; small or none = 1 |
Clinical and ultrasound (US) |
No |
Giguère et al.2525 Giguère CM, Bauman NM, Sato Y, Burke DK, Greinwald JH, Pransky S, et al. Treatment of lymphangiomas with OK-432 (Picibanil) sclerotherapy: a prospective multi-institutional trial. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2002;128(10):1137-44., 2002 |
30 |
Cervicofacial = 29; limbs = 1 |
Not informed |
Surgery (3) |
Complete = 17; Partial = 4; small or none= 8; Spontaneous regression = 1 |
MRI or CT |
Not informed |
Hong et al.44 Hong JP, Lee MY, Kim EK, Seo DH. Giant lymphangioma of the tongue. J Craniofac Surg. 2009;20(1):252-4., 2009 |
1 |
Cervicofacial = 1 |
Surgical reduction of macroglossia (2) |
Not informed |
Partial = 1 |
MRI |
1 |
Lin et al.1717 Lin PJ, Guo YC, Lin JY, Chang YT. Facial nerve conduction after sclerotherapy in children with facial lymphatic malformations: report of two cases. Tohoku J Exp Med. 2007;211(4):401-6., 2007 |
2 |
Cervicofacial = 2 |
No |
No |
Complete = 2 |
Clinical and CT |
No |
Luzzatto et al.2626 Luzzatto C, Midrio P, Tchaprassian Z, Guglielmi M. Sclerosing treatment of lymphangiomas with OK-432. Arch Dis Child. 2000;82(4):316-8., 2000 |
15 |
Cervicofacial = 11; Trunk = 4 |
Surgery (5) |
Surgery (2), after OK-432 treatment |
Complete = 7; Partial = 3; small or none = 5 |
Not specified |
1 |
Melo-Filho et al.1515 Mello-Filho FV, Tone LG, Kruschewsky LS. O uso de Picibanil (OK-432) no tratamento do linfangioma de cabeça e pescoço. Rev Bras Otorrinolaringol. 2002;68(4):552-6., 2002 |
6 |
Cervicofacial = 6 |
Not informed |
Not informed |
Complete = 4; partial = 2 |
MRI, CT, and/or US |
No |
Närkiö-Mäkelä et al.22 Närkiö-Mäkelä M, Mäkelä T, Saarinen P, Salminen P, Julkunen I, Pitkäranta A. Treatment of lymphatic malformations of head and neck with OK-432 sclerotherapy induce systemic inflammatory response. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2011;268(1):123-9., 2011 |
17 |
Cervicofacial = 17 |
No |
No |
Complete = 7; partial = 8; small or none = 2 |
Clinical |
No |
Ono et al.11 Ono S, Iwai N, Chiba F, Furukawa T, Fumino S. OK-432 therapy for chylous pleural effusion or ascites associated with lymphatic malformations. J Pediatr Surg. 2010;45(9):e7-10., 2010 |
2 |
Trunk = 2 |
Diuretic; short-chain triglycerides |
Not informed |
Complete = 1; partial = 1 |
MRI |
1 |
Peters et al.1313 Peters DA, Courtemanche DJ, Heran MK, Ludemann JP, Prendiville JS. Treatment of cystic lymphatic vascular malformations with OK- 432 sclerotherapy. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2006;118(6):1441-6., 2006 |
12 |
Cervicofacial = 10; limbs = 2 |
No |
Não |
Complete = 4; partial = 2; small or none = 6 |
Clinical |
Not informed |
Poldervaart et al.33 Poldervaart MT, Breugem CC, Speleman L, Pasmans S. Treatment of lymphatic malformations with OK-432 (Picibanil): review of the literature. J Craniofac Surg. 2009;20(4):1159-62. (a), 2009 |
48 |
Cervicofacial = 46; trunk = 40; limbs = 32 |
No |
Não |
Complete = 13; partial = 16; small or none = 19 |
Not specified |
Not informed |
Poldervaart et al.33 Poldervaart MT, Breugem CC, Speleman L, Pasmans S. Treatment of lymphatic malformations with OK-432 (Picibanil): review of the literature. J Craniofac Surg. 2009;20(4):1159-62. (b), 2009 |
111 |
Cervicofacial = 111; trunk = 165; limbs = 160 |
No |
Não |
Complete = 98; partial = 9; small or none = 4 |
Not specified |
Not informed |
Ravindranathan et al.99 Ravindranathan H, Gillis J, Lord DJ. Intensive care experience with sclerotherapy for cervicofacial lymphatic malformations. Pediatr Crit Care Med. 2008;9(3):304-9., 2008 |
5 |
Cervicofacial = 5 |
Sclerotherapy sessions |
Fibrovein injection |
Partial = 4; small or none = 1 |
MRI, CT, or radiography |
1 |
Stefini et al.2222 Stefini S, Bazzana T, Smussi C, Piccioni M, Frusca T, Taddei F, et al. EXIT (Ex utero Intrapartum Treatment) in lymphatic malformations of the head and neck: discussion of three cases and proposal of an EXIT-TTP (Team Time Procedure) list. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2012;76(1):20-7., 2012 |
2 |
Cervicofacial = 2; trunk = 1 |
Surgical excision and laser |
No |
Partial = 1; small or none = 1 |
Not specified |
1 |
Weitz- Tuoretmaa et al.2727 Weitz-Tuoretmaa A, Rautio R, Valkila J, Keski-Säntti H, Keski- Nisula L, Laranne J. Efficacy of OK-432 sclerotherapy in treatment of lymphatic malformations: long-term follow-up results. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2014;271(2):385-90., 2014 |
36 |
Cervicofacial = 27; Trunk = 9 |
Surgery (2) |
No |
Complete = 24; partial = 7; small or none = 5 |
MRI |
2 |
Wheeler et al.1616 Wheeler JS, Morreau P, Mahadevan M, Pease P. OK-432 and lymphatic malformations in children: the Starship Children’s Hospital experience. ANZ J Surg. 2004;74(10):855-8., 2004 |
7 |
Cervicofacial = 2; trunk = 5 |
Not informed |
|
Complete = 3; partial = 3; small or none = 1 |
MRI |
1 |
Wiegand et al.2020 Wiegand S, Eivazi B, Zimmermann AP, Neff A, Barth PJ, Sesterhenn AM, et al. Microcystic lymphatic malformations of the tongue: diagnosis, classification, and treatment. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2009;135(10):976-83., 2009 |
1 |
Cervicofacial = 1 |
Not informed |
Not informed |
Not informed |
Not specified |
Not informed |
Wiegand et al.2424 Wiegand S, Eivazi B, Bloch LM, Zimmermann AP, Sesterhenn AM, Schulze S, et al. Lymphatic malformations of the orbit. Clin Exp Otorhinolaryngol. 2013;6(1):30-5., 2013 |
1 |
Cervicofacial = 1 |
No |
No |
Partial = 1 |
Clinical |
1 |