Hydrogel synthesis and kinetics of ammonium and potassium releaseHydrogels based on polyacrylamide (PAAm) were synthesized and their efficiency for the controlled release of ammonium and potassium contained in fertilizers evaluated. The hydrogels were synthesized by polymerizing acrylamide (AAm) in aqueous solution at two acrylamide concentrations (3.6 and 21.7 %) using N-N'-methylene-bisacrylamide (MBAAm) as cross-linker and N,N,N',N' tetramethylethylenediamine (TEMED) as catalytic agent. Nutrient fixation was performed by immersion of hydrogels in aqueous nutrient solutions with 86 and 82 mg L-1 K+ and NH4+. The hydrophilic, spectroscopic and morphological properties were investigated based on the swelling degree (Q) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and images obtained using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The amount of NH4+ and K+ released in aqueous solution was monitored at intervals of 1, 2, 4, 18, 26, and 50 h by spectrometry, using a flow injection analysis system, and by flame photometry. The swelling degree results show that hydrogels with fixed nutrients are more hydrophobic. SEM images revealed a significant decrease in the average porous size of hydrogels with higher acrylamide content. The release kinetics of NH4+ and K+ allowed to conclude that hydrogel synthesized with 21.7 % AAm had a higher nutrient release potential, especially NH4+.
ammonium sulfate; potassium phosphate; nutrient detection; polyacrylamide; soil fertility
