Nitrogen and Potassium in Narrow-Row Cotton

Kappes, Claudinei; Zancanaro, Leandro; Francisco, Eros Artur Bohac

doi:10.1590/18069657rbcs20150103

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Division 3 - Soil Use and Management • Rev. Bras. Ciênc. Solo 40 • 17 May 2016 • https://doi.org/10.1590/18069657rbcs20150103 copy

Nitrogen and Potassium in Narrow-Row Cotton

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

Information on fertilizer management for cotton in narrow-row cropping system is scarce; therefore, studies are needed to improve nutrient stewardship for such systems. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of nitrogen and potassium application on yield and fiber quality of cotton under a narrow-row system. A field trial was carried out for three years, where the treatments were set up in an incomplete factorial arrangement [(4 × 4) + 1] under a randomized block design, with four N rates (20, 40, 60, and 80 kg ha^-1), four K₂O rates (0, 40, 80, and 120 kg ha^-1), and one control (no N or K₂O), for a total of 17 treatments, with four replicates. Urea and potassium chloride were applied on the soil surface 20 days after crop emergence. Varieties used were FMT 701 (2009/2010 and 2010/2011) and FMT 709 (2011/2012). Cotton yield and fiber quality parameters were measured. In the narrow-row cropping system, cotton lint yield was positively affected by N and K application. Cotton yield in relation to K applications was not dependent on N rates. Potassium application increased the micronaire index and fiber resistance, whereas high N rates reduced fiber resistance.

Gossypium hirsutum; nitrogen; potassium; narrow-row cotton

Depth	pH(CaCl₂)	P	K	Ca²⁺	Mg²⁺	Al³⁺	H⁺	CEC	m	V	OM	Clay	Sand	Silt
m		---mg dm^-3---		-------- cmol_c dm^-3 --------					----% ----		g dm^-3	-------- g kg^-1 --------
0.0-0.2	4.9	3.3	36	2.1	1.5	0.0	5.5	9.2	0	40	38.9	635	215	150
0.2-0.4	4.3	1.5	19	0.6	0.5	0.5	5.7	7.3	30	16	30.4	-	-	-

Factor	DF	PP	PH	BW	LP	GY	Mic	Str	Len	SFI	Elg	Unf	Mat
		plants ha^-1	cm	g	%	kg ha^-1	µg pol^-1	g tex^-1	in	-----------% -----------
		2009/10
N rate	3	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns
K₂O rate	3	ns	ns	*	**	**	**	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns
N × K₂O	9	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns
Factorial vs control	1	ns	ns	ns	*	**	**	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns
Rep	3	*	*	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns
Residue	48	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
CV (%)	-	8.4	11.3	8.0	1.7	13.3	5.1	3.5	2.1	7.9	5.2	1.0	1.0
Mean	-	183,415	53.1	4.65	44.5	772	4.2	32.4	1.1	7.6	7.5	85.7	87.0
		2010/11
N rate	3	ns	*	ns	ns	**	ns	**	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns
K₂O rate	3	ns	**	**	*	**	**	**	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns
N × K₂O	9	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	**	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns
Factorial vs control	1	ns	**	ns	**	**	**	*	**	ns	ns	ns	ns
Rep	3	ns	**	ns	**	ns	ns	**	ns	ns	ns	ns	*
Residue	48	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
CV (%)	-	15.9	9.6	5.2	1.7	9.0	2.8	2.0	1.1	2.2	5.7	0.7	0.9
Mean	-	181,683	57.7	4.22	38.9	1,590	4.0	33.5	1.2	7.0	6.2	87.0	86.0
		2011/12
N rate	3	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns
K₂O rate	3	ns	**	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns
N × K₂O	9	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns
Factorial vs control	1	ns	**	*	*	**	**	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	**
Rep	3	ns	ns	ns	ns	**	ns	ns	ns	ns	*	ns	ns
Residue	48	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
CV (%)	-	7.86	11.2	8.6	3.5	16.5	4.8	3.6	2.1	10.6	5.7	0.9	0.6
Mean	-	173,284	71.8	4.82	44.7	2,823	4.9	30.4	1.2	6.5	6.8	85.0	87.7

N rate	Control	K₂O rate				Equation	R²

		0	40	80	120
kg ha^-1		--------------------- kg ha^-1 ---------------------
	Strength of fiber (g tex^-1) (2010/11)
Control	32.8	-	-	-	-
20	-	32.4	34.3	34.3	33.7	ŷ = 32.5 + 0.06 x - 0.0004* x²	0.98
40	-	33.3	33.8	34.8	34.2	ŷ = 33.5 + 0.009* x	0.60
60	-	32.8	34.0	33.0	33.3	ŷ = ӯ = 33.3	-
80	-	33.0	32.1	34.1	32.8	ŷ = ӯ = 33.0	-
Equation	-	ŷ = ӯ = 32.9	ŷ = 35.1 - 0.03** x	ŷ = ӯ = 34.0	ŷ = 34.4 - 0.02* x
R²	-	-	0.70	-	0.58

Factor	DF	N	P	K	Ca	Mg	S	K
		--------------------- g kg^-1 ---------------------						mg dm^-3
	2009/10
N rate	3	ns	ns	ns	**	ns	**	ns
K₂O rate	3	*	ns	**	ns	**	**	**
N x K₂O	9	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns
Factorial vs control	1	*	ns	**	ns	*	*	**
Rep	3	ns	**	ns	**	**	ns	ns
Residue	48	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
CV (%)	-	8.4	9.2	21.0	8.9	15.5	14.9	18.5
Mean	-	27.3	1.3	3.4	27.2	6.7	3.0	31.7
	2010/11
N rate	3	ns	ns	ns	ns	**	ns	ns
K₂O rate	3	ns	ns	**	ns	*	ns	**
N x K₂O	9	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns
Factorial vs control	1	ns	ns	**	ns	**	*	**
Rep	3	ns	**	*	**	ns	**	ns
Residue	48	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
CV (%)	-	5.4	16.2	12.0	11.7	10.4	11.3	16.6
Mean	-	39.3	2.6	14.4	19.0	5.8	4.6	54.1
	2011/12
N rate	3	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns
K₂O rate	3	ns	ns	**	**	ns	ns	**
N x K₂O	9	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns
Factorial vs control	1	ns	ns	**	*	*	ns	**
Rep	3	ns	**	**	ns	ns	*	ns
Residue	48	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
CV (%)	-	7.4	12.0	14.4	8.3	13.2	10.9	12.1
Mean	-	38.7	2.9	20.2	27.0	6.1	3.8	46.5

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[1] * Corresponding author: E-mail: claudineikappes@fundacaomt.com.br