Forage and macronutrient accumulation in grass-legume intercropping in a warm climate

Mesquita, Antonia Marta Sousa de; Pompeu, Roberto Cláudio Fernandes Franco; Cândido, Magno José Duarte; Lopes, Marcos Neves; Rogério, Marcos Cláudio Pinheiro; Feitosa, Tibério Sousa; Andrade, Hosana Aguiar Freitas de; Almeida, Hilário de Júnior; Souza, Henrique Antunes de

doi:10.36783/18069657rbcs20230141

Antonia Marta Sousa de Mesquita

Conceptualization (lead)

Formal analysis (equal)

Investigation (equal)

Methodology (equal)

Universidade Estadual Vale do Acaraú, Departamento de Zootecnia, Sobral, Ceará, Brasil.

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5002-4567

Roberto Cláudio Fernandes Franco Pompeu

Methodology (equal)

Project administration (equal)

Supervision (equal)

Validation (equal)

Visualization (equal)

Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária, Embrapa Caprinos e Ovinos, Sobral, Ceará, Brasil.

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4099-3575

Magno José Duarte Cândido

Data curation (equal)

Formal analysis (equal)

Validation (equal)

Universidade Federal do Ceará, Departamento de Zootecnia, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brasil.

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3573-6053

Marcos Neves Lopes

Conceptualization (supporting)

Data curation (equal)

Investigation (equal)

Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Piauí, Valença do Piauí, Piauí, Brasil.

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1562-3919

Marcos Cláudio Pinheiro Rogério

Investigation (equal)

Methodology (equal)

Project administration (equal)

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3567-5211

Tibério Sousa Feitosa

Software (equal)

Supervision (equal)

Validation (equal)

Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária, Embrapa Caprinos e Ovinos, Sobral, Ceará, Brasil.

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4179-0013

Hosana Aguiar Freitas de Andrade

Formal analysis (equal)

Investigation (equal)

Universidade Federal do Piauí, Departamento de Ciências Agrárias, Teresina, Piauí, Brasil.

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9332-9689

Hilário de Júnior Almeida ^** Corresponding author: E-mail: hilario.almeida@unesp.br

Visualization (equal)

Writing – review & editing (equal)

Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária, Embrapa Meio-Norte, Teresina, Piauí, Brasil.

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7186-846X

Henrique Antunes de Souza

Data curation (equal)

Formal analysis (equal)

Funding acquisition (lead)

Resources (lead)

Software (equal)

Supervision (equal)

Validation (equal)

Visualization (equal)

Writing – original draft (lead)

Writing – review & editing (equal)

Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária, Embrapa Meio-Norte, Teresina, Piauí, Brasil.

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2209-4285

* Corresponding author: E-mail: hilario.almeida@unesp.br

Editors: José Miguel Reichert https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9943-2898 and Marcos Gervasio Pereira https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1402-3612

Layer	pH(CaCl₂)	OM			P	K	Ca²⁺		Mg²⁺	H+Al		Al³⁺	SB	CEC		BS	M
m		g dm^-3			—— mg dm^-3 ——		—————— cmol_cdm^-3 ——————									—— % ——
0.00-0.20	6.3	5			15	39	1. 0		0.9	1.5		0	2.0	3.5		57	0
0.20-0.40	6.6	5			8	23	0.6		0.6	1.3		0	1.2	2.5		49	0
	S		Na			B			Cu		Fe		Zn			Mn
	——— mg dm^-3 ———					——————————— mg dm^-3 ———————————
0.00-0.20	7		5			0.15			0.3		3		11			5.6
0.20-0.40	6		7			0.14			0.2		4		4.5			2.5
	Clay			Silt				Total Sand			Coarse Sand				Fine Sand
	——————————————— g kg^-1 ———————————————
0.00-0.20	92			8				900			710				190
0.20-0.40	101			9				890			670				220

Intercropping	FAR
Intercropping	Cycle 1	Cycle 2	Cycle 3	Cycle 4	Mean	CV
	kg ha^-1 day^-1					%
Signalgrass-butterfly pea	61.30 Ac⁽¹⁾ (1) Averages followed by lowercase letters in the row and uppercase in the column do not differ from each other by the Tukey test (5 %). Signalgrass – Urochloa decumbunes, Guinea grass – Megathyrsus maximus, Bermudagrass – Cynodon dactylon and Butterfly pea – Clitoria ternatea.	75.80 Ab	86.90 Aa	86.20 Aa	77.60	7.10
Guinea grass-butterfly pea	48.20 Bb	52.20 Bb	69.10 Ba	68.70 Ba	59.60
Bermudagrass-butterfly pea	68.20 Aa	55.30 Bb	54.30 Cb	63.90 Bab	60.40
Mean	59.20	61.10	70.10	72.90

Intercropping	Cycle 1	Cycle 2	Cycle 3	Cycle 4	Mean	CV
	———————— g ha^-1 day^-1 ————————					%
	N
Signalgrass-butterfly pea	1,422.50 Ab⁽¹⁾ (1) Averages followed by lowercase letters in the row and uppercase in the column do not differ from each other by the Tukey test (5 %). Signalgrass – Urochloa decumbunes, Guinea grass – Megathyrsus maximus, Bermudagrass – Cynodon dactylon and Butterfly pea – Clitoria ternatea.	2,075.40 Aa	2,005.30 Aa	914.70 Bc	1,604.50	6.00
Guinea grass-butterfly pea	1,004.50 Bab	1,745.60 Ba	1,419.60 Bb	1,125.30 Ac	1,323.70
Bermudagrass-butterfly pea	1,562.40 Ac	1,977.50 Aa	901.80 Cc	1,261.90 Ab	1,425.90
Mean	1,329.80	1,932.80	1,442.30	1,100.60
	P
Signalgrass-butterfly pea	172.00 Ab	292.50 Aa	287.10 Aa	149.10 Ab	225.20	9.20
Guinea grass-butterfly pea	186.60 Ab	243.60 Ba	179.50 Bb	143.70 Ab	188.30
Bermudagrass-butterfly pea	132.80 Bb	276.00 ABa	129.40 Cb	159.70 Ab	174.50
Mean	163.80	270.70	198.60	150.80
	K
Signalgrass-butterfly pea	1193.10 Ac	1943.70 Ab	2215.10 Aa	728.00 Bd	1520.00	8.40
Guinea grass-butterfly pea	1214.40 Ab	1651.90 Ba	1018.70 Bbc	779.60 Abc	1166.20
Bermudagrass-butterfly pea	864.60 Bbc	2061.70 Aa	678.40 Cc	999.00 Ab	1150.90
Mean	1090.70	1885.80	1304.10	1069.80
	Ca
Signalgrass-butterfly pea	121.20 Bb	249.00 Aa	234.80 Aa	137.00 Bb	185.50	7.80
Guinea grass-butterfly pea	170.00 Aab	197.00 Ba	177.20 Bab	153.70 ABb	174.50
Bermudagrass-butterfly pea	123.70 Bc	229.10 Aa	127.10 Cc	170.80 Ab	162.70
Mean	138.30	225.00	179.70	153.80
	Mg
Signalgrass-butterfly pea	185.80 Bb	328.80 Aa	351.10 Aa	129.30 Bc	248.80	6.90
Guinea grass-butterfly pea	233.90 Aab	257.50 Ba	202.00 Bb	151.00 Abc	208.60
Bermudagrass-butterfly pea	168.50 Bb	317.70 Aa	130.00 Ac	163.10 Abc	194.80
Mean	196.10	301.30	227.70	147.80
	S
Signalgrass-butterfly pea	88.20 Aab	168.10 Aab	187.80 Aa	63.80 Bb	126.90	10.70
Guinea grass-butterfly pea	107.80 Ab	145.30 Ba	87.50 Bb	80.20 Bb	105.20
Bermudagrass-butterfly pea	76.50 Bc	171.10 Aa	45.80 Cd	129.60 Ab	105.70
Mean	90.80	161.50	107.00	91.20

Intercropping	N-total	N-NH₄⁺	N-NO₃^-	IN
	g kg^-1	———— mg kg^-1 ————
Signalgrass-butterfly pea	0.87a	3.69b	0.06	3.75b
Guinea grass-butterfly pea	0.72b	4.64a	0.11	4.76a
Bermudagrass-butterfly pea	0.85ab	4.59a	0.26	4.85a
CV (%)	5.60	4.30	37.7	5.60
P-Value	9.54^* (1) Averages followed by lowercase letters in the row and uppercase in the column do not differ from each other by the Tukey test (5 %). Signalgrass – Urochloa decumbunes, Guinea grass – Megathyrsus maximus, Bermudagrass – Cynodon dactylon and Butterfly pea – Clitoria ternatea.	25.08^* (1) Averages followed by lowercase letters in the row and uppercase in the column do not differ from each other by the Tukey test (5 %). Signalgrass – Urochloa decumbunes, Guinea grass – Megathyrsus maximus, Bermudagrass – Cynodon dactylon and Butterfly pea – Clitoria ternatea.	1.72^NS (1) Averages followed by lowercase letters in the row and uppercase in the column do not differ from each other by the Tukey test (5 %). Signalgrass – Urochloa decumbunes, Guinea grass – Megathyrsus maximus, Bermudagrass – Cynodon dactylon and Butterfly pea – Clitoria ternatea.	17.42^* (1) Averages followed by lowercase letters in the row and uppercase in the column do not differ from each other by the Tukey test (5 %). Signalgrass – Urochloa decumbunes, Guinea grass – Megathyrsus maximus, Bermudagrass – Cynodon dactylon and Butterfly pea – Clitoria ternatea.

[1] * Corresponding author: E-mail: hilario.almeida@unesp.br

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Forage and macronutrient accumulation in grass-legume intercropping in a warm climate

ABSTRACT