Sampling Position under No-Tillage System Affects the Results of Soil Physical Properties

Ferreira, Camila Jorge Bernabé; Tormena, Cássio Antonio; Moreira, Wagner Henrique; Zotarelli, Lincoln; Betioli, Edner; Anghinoni, Guilherme

doi:10.1590/18069657rbcs20150189

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Division 3 - Soil Use and Management • Rev. Bras. Ciênc. Solo 40 • 2016 • https://doi.org/10.1590/18069657rbcs20150189 linkcopy

Sampling Position under No-Tillage System Affects the Results of Soil Physical Properties

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ABSTRACT

Understanding the spatial behavior of soil physical properties under no-tillage system (NT) is required for the adoption and maintenance of a sustainable soil management system. The aims of this study were to quantify soil bulk density (BD), porosity in the soil macropore domain (PORp) and in the soil matrix domain (PORm), air capacity in the soil matrix (ACm), field capacity (FC), and soil water storage capacity (FC/TP) in the row (R), interrow (IR), and intermediate position between R and IR (designated IP) in the 0.0-0.10 and 0.10-0.20 m soil layers under NT; and to verify if these soil properties have systematic variation in sampling positions related to rows and interrows of corn. Soil sampling was carried out in transect perpendicular to the corn rows in which 40 sampling points were selected at each position (R, IR, IP) and in each soil layer, obtaining undisturbed samples to determine the aforementioned soil physical properties. The influence of sampling position on systematic variation of soil physical properties was evaluated by spectral analysis. In the 0.0-0.1 m layer, tilling the crop rows at the time of planting led to differences in BD, PORp, ACm, FC and FC/TP only in the R position. In the R position, the FC/TP ratio was considered close to ideal (0.66), indicating good water and air availability at this sampling position. The R position also showed BD values lower than the critical bulk density that restricts root growth, suggesting good soil physical conditions for seed germination and plant establishment. Spectral analysis indicated that there was systematic variation in soil physical properties evaluated in the 0.0-0.1 m layer, except for PORm. These results indicated that the soil physical properties evaluated in the 0.0-0.1 m layer were associated with soil position in the rows and interrows of corn. Thus, proper assessment of soil physical properties under NT must take into consideration the sampling positions and previous location of crop rows and interrows.

crop row; crop interrow; spectral analysis

Soil property	R	IP	IR	CV
				%
	0.0-0.1 m
Bulk density (Mg m^-3)	1.103 ± 0.023	1.351 ± 0.033	1.347 ± 0.027	11.6
PORp (m³ m^-3)	0.085 ± 0.008	0.026 ± 0.007	0.019 ± 0.003	81.9
PORm (m³ m^-3)	0.509 ± 0.012	0.495 ± 0.010	0.504 ± 0.009	6.8
ACm (m³ m^-3)	0.139 ± 0.009	0.075 ± 0.011	0.065 ± 0.010	49.9
Field capacity (m³ m^-3)	0.371 ± 0.014	0.439 ± 0.008	0.420 ± 0.008	10.8
FC/TP	0.624 ± 0.021	0.811 ± 0.025	0.842 ± 0.021	15.8
	0.1-0.2 m
Bulk density (Mg m^-3)	1.357 ± 0.014	1.374 ± 0.012	1.365 ± 0.010	2.9
PORp (m³ m^-3)	0.013 ± 0.002	0.012 ± 0.001	0.013 ± 0.003	36.6
PORm (m³ m^-3)	0.520 ± 0.016	0.522 ± 0.017	0.514 ± 0.012	9.3
ACm (m³ m^-3)	0.067 ± 0.005	0.062 ± 0.004	0.071 ± 0.004	20.5
Field capacity (m³ m^-3)	0.453 ± 0.018	0.443 ± 0.018	0.460 ± 0.014	12.0
FC/TP	0.848 ± 0.012	0.859 ± 0.010	0.839 ± 0.011	4.3

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Sociedade Brasileira de Ciência do Solo Sociedade Brasileira de Ciência do Solo, Departamento de Solos - Edifício Silvio Brandão, s/n, Caixa Postal 231 - Campus da UFV, CEP 36570-900 - Viçosa-MG, Tel.: (31) 3612-4542 - Viçosa - MG - Brazil
E-mail: sbcs@sbcs.org.br

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[TFN1] CV: coefficient of variation; PORp: porosity in the soil macropore domain; PORm: porosity in the soil matrix domain; ACm: air capacity in the soil matrix; FC/TP: soil water storage capacity.