Lowland soils cultivated with flooded rice in the State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, show a lack of response to potassium fertilization in this culture, even in soils with a low level of available potassium. This study was carried out with the objective to verify the contribution of soil mineralogy as a potential potassium source for rice cultivation. Four representative soils from regions of the State of Rio Grande do Sul (Planossolo Hidromórfico, Planossolo Haplico, Gleissolo Haplico and Chernossolo Ebanico), cultivated with flooded rice, were selected. These soils have low exchangeable potassium contents and do not respond to potassium fertilization. In horizon samples A and B of the four soils, the particle-size distribution and chemical composition were analyzed. The mineralogy of sand, silt and clay fractions was identified by X-ray diffraction. Main mineral potassium sources were: feldspars and micas in the sand fraction, and in the silt and clay fractions feldspars, micas, smectites and smectites with interlaying hydroxy-Al. The total potassium in the particle-sized fractions differed between soils. Silt and clay fractions had higher values of total K, except for the Planossolo Haplico, where there was a higher total K in the sand fraction. The mineral K sources identified in these four soils can help explain the lack of response of flooded rice to potassium fertilization.
clay minerals; primary minerals; feldspars; mica; total potassium; Oryza sativa